(1) Poetry can be divided into pastoral poems (poems about scenery), poems about objects, frontier poems, poems about homesickness, poems about epic poems and so on.
1. Landscape pastoral poetry: Landscape pastoral poetry also belongs to landscape poetry, focusing on praising the landscape pastoral in natural scenery. The main feature of this kind of poetry is that "all scenery words are emotional words", that is, the natural scenery written by the author is integrated with the author's subjective feelings, or the author's thoughts and feelings are expressed by scenery or scene blending. The main representatives of landscape pastoral poetry are Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Xie Shu and Xie Yong.
② Poems about objects: Poems about objects are characterized by lyricism. When appreciating poems about objects, we must pay attention to the feelings the author places when describing things. Some poems describing objects are implicit and need more attention, such as Ode to a Lime by Yu Qian.
③ Frontier poems: Frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were uninhibited, and the representative figures were Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Wei and Wang Changling. The characteristic of frontier fortress poems is to express the characteristics of the times from different angles. To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we must first grasp the characteristics of the times. For example, frontier poems in the prosperous, middle and late Tang Dynasty express different thoughts and feelings.
(4) Poetry-chanting: expressing the depressed mood caused by life experiences, such as Du Fu and Li Shangyin.
⑤. Poems about things: Poems about things mostly use concise words and carefully selected images to integrate feelings about nature, society and history, or lament the rise and fall of dynasties, or lament the rapid changes of years, or satirize the dissoluteness and shamelessness of politicians, thus showing the author's meditation after reading all the vicissitudes of life and containing a deep feeling of nostalgia for the past and hurting the present. The representative figures of chanting poems are Liu Yuxi and Du Mu.
(2) Poetic style
Meng Haoran's poetic style is light and heavy, quiet and healthy; Wang Wei's poetic style is dull and vivid; Wang Changling's poetic style is vigorous and powerful; Li Bai's poetic style is elegant and free; The depression and frustration of Du Fu's poetic style: Gao Shi and Cen Can's poetic style is magnificent and extraordinary; The freshness and elegance of Wei's poetic style: the desolation and desolation of Jia Dao's poetic style; The melancholy and indignation of Li He's poetic style: Yuan Zhen's poetic style is gorgeous and shallow; Bai Juyi's poetic style is plain and fresh; Liu Yuxi's poetic style is clear and clear; Li Shangyin's poetic style is beautiful and elegant; The subtle and graceful style of Du Mu's poems; Li Yu's poetic style is sentimental and delicate; Ouyang xiu's ci style is beautiful and beautiful; The desolate and tragic style of Fan Zhongyan's ci: Yan Shu's ci style is clear and sparse; Su Shi's broad-minded and heroic; The charm of Liu Yong's ci style; Qin Guan's ci style is sincere and sincere; The graceful style of Li Qingzhao's ci: Yang Wanli's ci style is fresh and lively; Lu You's poetic style is bold, beautiful and smooth; Xin Qiji's poetic style is magnificent; Jiang Kui's ci style is exquisite, beautiful and far-reaching.
Pay attention to the "deviation" outside the poet's overall creative style.
(3) Language features
1 fresh; ② Plain, also known as plain; 3 gorgeous; 4 bright; Characterized by firmness and sharpness; ⑤ recessive; ⑤ Concise.
(4) Expression skills
We need to know some common artistic techniques.
① Poetry mainly uses narration, description, discussion, lyricism and explanation, among which description and lyricism are the key points.
Description: (a) There are differences between dynamic and static combination, (b) combination of reality and reality, (c) combination of point and surface, (d) front and side description, (e) description from different angles, (f) tonal forms such as light and shade, warmth and coldness, (g) various senses: seeing, hearing, touching and smelling, (h) details, (i) scenes, etc.
Lyric ways include: expressing one's feelings directly, borrowing scenery to express one's feelings, embedding feelings in scenery, blending scenes, interacting with each other, creating feelings by scenery, and setting off feelings by scenery.
The structural form of poetry: common concern from beginning to end, in-depth layers, first generalization and then division, first scene and then emotion, transition, bedding and foreshadowing.
③ The main rhetorical devices are duality, metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition and symbol.
④ Other writing skills include: (1) Fu Bi's interest, (2) setting off, (3) contrast, (4) rendering, (5) expressing ambition, (6) trying to advance, (7) associating imagination and (8) word order inversion.
(5) Common terms in appreciation of ancient poetry.
I. Category of evaluation subject
Deepening the artistic conception and theme is profound, beautiful, meaningful and intriguing.
The language is easy to understand and the theme is far-reaching.
Concise and meaningful: the language is concise and rich in content.
Moral: the moral is here, but the moral is unexpected, and the taste is endless;
Implicit and tactful without saying a word, romantic: the meaning is implicit but not explicit, or the expression is not obvious but intriguing.
B, analysis technology
Zhang Xianzhi: Point out the main points at the end of the article.
Make the finishing point: point out the main idea with one or two wonderful sentences.
Express your feelings directly.
Symbol of expressing one's will: express one's feelings and thoughts by describing something or something.
Seeing the big from the small: reflecting major themes from ordinary and subtle things.
Cut to the chase: get to the point at the beginning of the article, don't beat around the bush.
Entrust: express feelings and themes on one thing.
Set off: Set off one thing against another to make the latter stand out.
Rendering: Tracking colors to enhance the effect.
C, introduction
Contrast: the purpose is to highlight one side.
Cherish the past and hurt the present, borrow the past to satirize the present: cherish the past and lament the reality.
Enlightenment: Say something else first, to arouse the singing.
Scenes blend, emotions arise from scenes, emotions arise from scenes, and emotions arise from scenes.
D, language feature class
Outline: a concise language description that introduces the general idea of things.
Heavy ink: the description is meticulous and delicate.
Vivid description: A vivid description, especially of a person or an animal.
Everything has a state (phase): the description is meticulous and vivid.
Poetic:
Discussion class
Philosophical and incisive
F, language style class
Flowing clouds and flowing water: the structure and language are naturally smooth.
Both form and spirit: language, structure and other forms and contents are impeccable.
Concise training: the language is concise and neat.
Simple and clear: no sculpture, no decoration.
Plain, simple and fresh, elegant and flowery.