Emperor Qianlong inherited rare calligraphy and paintings from his grandfather, and the amount of rare treasures collected in his life is unparalleled in the world. Some collections come from the contributions of servants. During Qianlong's second southern tour, Shen Deqian, the minister of rites, went to meet the driver and presented seven paintings and calligraphy at one time: two volumes of Dong Qichang's running script, one volume of Wen Zhiming's mountains and waters, one volume of Tang Yin's mountains and waters, one axis of Wang Jian's mountains and waters, one axis of Yun Shouping's flowers and one axis of Wang Shanshui. And | into the golden Buddha is huge, "can be several feet long, into the que". Governor Li Shiyao, who was favored by Qianlong for his fine tribute, was convicted of property theft. As a result, he copied out "three golden buddhas, one pearl grape and three coral trees with a height of four feet", all of which were ready to be presented.
of course, a considerable part of Qianlong's collection is made by the inner government. Emperor Qianlong especially loved jade addiction. He spent a lot of manpower and financial resources on the production and collection of jade articles, so the collection of jade articles in Qianlong Dynasty was very rich. Only a piece of Jade Mountain, which is "Dayu harnessing water", transported jade materials from Xinjiang to Beijing by water, then to Yangzhou, and then back to the Forbidden City. It took 1 years. This super-large jade carving, nine feet five inches high and weighing more than 1,7 kilograms, is called the king of jade. Now this Jade Mountain is placed in the Palace Museum in Beijing, and it is inspected by tourists. At the same time, there are tens of thousands of jade articles of different sizes, most of which were collected during the Qianlong period.
The fine works of art that have been searched and picked up from all over the country for decades are often stamped with the chapters of "Treasure of Qianlong and Imperial Appreciation", "Sanxi Hall's Refined Seal" and "Suitable for Descendants" after appreciation, so as to show the meaning of collection. Then, the refined and elegant ci ministers are classified into categories, compiled into catalogues, examined and approved by the emperor, and then printed into books, such as "The Ancient Mirror of Xiqing" and "Ning"
as early as eight years in Qianlong, he decided to make a large-scale arrangement of the paintings and calligraphy collected by the imperial palace. Firstly, the works related to Buddhism and Taoism are compiled into the catalogue "The Secret Hall of the Pearl Forest"; In the second year, Shiqu Baodi, which contains all the paintings and calligraphy collections, began to be compiled. This is an unprecedented sorting work, which will put an end to the collection of calligraphy and painting in China court, which has existed for two thousand years. After the completion of the "Shiqu Baodi", including the sequel, three series * * * into 225 volumes. This is a summary of the 6-year palace collection in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also the last scale of emperors' collections. In its heyday, there were more than 1, pieces of Qing court collections, including 2, pieces of paintings and calligraphy in Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties and 2, pieces of paintings and calligraphy in Ming Dynasty, which was the largest scale of China's classical paintings and calligraphy works at that time. The most proud thing for Emperor Qianlong is that he has collected famous calligraphy posts for decades. Wang Xizhi's Sunny Post in Fast Snow, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Wang Xun's Boyuan Post are the most beloved by Qianlong. In the eleventh year of Qianlong's reign, he put these three pieces in the West Nuan Pavilion in hall of mental cultivation, and named them "Sanxi Hall".
In the forty-four years of Qianlong, the emperor ordered four authentic copies of the Preface to Lanting, which were copied by Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Liu Gongquan and Feng Chengsu in the imperial palace, the original engraving of the Preface to Lanting by Liu Gongquan in Xihongtangtie, the complete edition of the Preface to Lanting by Yu Minzhong, the copy of the Preface to Lanting by Dong Qichang and the preface to Lanting by Qianlong in Dong Qichang.
In addition to painting and calligraphy, Emperor Qianlong was also keen to advocate the collection and appreciation of bronzes. In addition to the palace collection, the trend of loving ancient collections has generally formed among bureaucrats and scholars, and a number of outstanding collectors and ancient philologists have emerged. They not only personally identified and researched, but also recorded and copied, wrote books and argued with each other, so the subsequent study of textual research became popular again. Together, this trend has affected the collectors and intellectuals for nearly 2 years.
The wealth of Qianlong's collection is unprecedented in history. Just from the number of collections, Qianlong surpassed any previous emperor. A list from 1816 shows that there were 15, calligraphy and paintings decorating the imperial palace from the Forbidden City in Beijing to Chahar, two thirds of which were works after 1644. It really answers the old saying that "there is no one before, and there will be no one after", which not only records the unprecedented national strength of that era, but also deeply bears the brand of emperor Qianlong's pursuit of magnificent weather, gorgeous and complicated aesthetic taste. Secret: Emperor Qianlong and his four priceless treasures
In the history of China, the biggest antique player and collector was Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. He reigned for 6 years, and became the emperor's father for four years. During these 64 years, he collected famous paintings, ancient stickers, rare antiques and various jade seals. After death, these treasures were buried with them in the underground palace of Yuling. However, on July 2, 1928, Sun Dianying, a thief and warlord of Dongling, surrounded the Qing Dongling in Zunhua County, Hebei Province in the name of exercise, and even dug up the two mausoleums of Cixi and Qianlong overnight and looted them. The funerary objects, including these rare treasures, gold and silver jewelry, were loaded with twenty carts and returned to the station. In the end, after these treasures were stolen, they drifted around the world. According to the collected information, Le C will introduce four priceless treasures and their whereabouts. First, the word "Eight Needles D Scandium Treasure"
"Seal" became noble in the Qin Dynasty. Before the Qin dynasty, this name could be used regardless of official seal or private seal. After Qin unified the six countries, it was stipulated that only the seal of the emperor could be called "seal" and that of the subjects could only be called "seal". Emperor Qianlong had more than 1,8 seals in his life, ranking first among emperors, 15 times that of his grandfather Kangxi and 11 times that of his father Yongzheng. The seal of Qianlong's side is a milestone he set for his long life and a barometer of his mood. He won the battle to make a seal to commemorate it; Transcribed poems should be decorated with seals; The 7-year-old "Gu Xi Tian Zi" and its matching "You Ri Diligence", the 8-year-old "Eight Needles D Scandium Treasure" and its matching "Self-improvement" all show the spirit of not being old; In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), he became the emperor's father's dragon, and the wording of a seal was extremely straightforward. It was impressively written that "returning to politics is still a political discipline". Obviously speaking, although my son became emperor, I still had to have the final say in major events.
when Qianlong was in power, the seal of the first emperor was engraved, and the content was "the treasure of Qianlong's royal tour". On the fourth day of the first month of the first year of Qianlong (1736), yongzheng emperor had been dead for more than four months, and the sad atmosphere of mourning was replaced by the celebration of changing the title. The 25-year-old young emperor asked the eunuchs around him to take a bronze seal material to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for a decree, and ordered that the words "the treasure of Qianlong's royal tour" be engraved on it. The person in charge of this work took the order with trepidation. Six days later, the eunuch was asked to submit two drafts of seal characters to Qianlong, one in Yin (white) and the other in Yang (red). After reading it carefully, the emperor gave a reply: in the negative. In another 4 days, the elaborate bronze seal will be completed and handed over. As a king who is rich in the four seas, Qianlong has eight "treasures of Qianlong's royal view" in his life, and his seal materials are extremely rich, including jasper, white jade, sapphire, black jade and so on. In addition, Tianhuang, agate, crystal, ivory, beeswax and mud can be used as printing materials. The seal made of different printing materials has different shades, which is worth enjoying carefully. During the years of war, a considerable part of the Qianlong Imperial Seal was lost overseas. The picture below shows a "treasure of Qianlong's Royal Sight" that was auctioned in Taipei. It was bought from new york by Taiwan Province tycoon Cai Chennan in 1984, and the bid was $33,.
Eight-pin D Scandium Treasure
At that time, the most valuable thing in existence was the above-mentioned "Eight-pin D Scandium Treasure" (see the picture below). It was made in the reign of Qianlong for 55 years to celebrate its 8th birthday, and it is one of the largest pieces in Qianlong's imperial seal. This "eight-pin D Scandium Treasure" is printed in many important collections of the Qing court, such as Autumn Mountain Twilight Scroll in Beijing Palace Museum and Willow Duck and Luyan Scroll in Shanghai Museum. The jade seal is now in Britain, and the starting price reached 6, pounds because it was to be auctioned at London's Sotheby's auction house, which triggered a group of netizens. Many netizens believe that this is another challenge to China, and relevant parties should come forward to get these cultural relics back; Some people even called for the auction of the bronze statue of the head of the Yuanmingyuan animal by Christie's in France last time.