(1) Say what you think. This is a lyric way to directly show people, events, scenes and environments. For example, Chen Yulan, a poetess in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Farewell to My Husband" with sincere feelings, which made people feel very excited: the husband guards the border and the concubine worries about her husband in the west wind. I sent a short letter, and every line of the letter soaked my tears. The cold came to you, and I sent warm clothes, but I don't know if I received them. The whole poem expresses the wife's thoughts and worries about her husband in the form of a first-person monologue. In the first sentence, she misses her husband who is far away from home. In the second sentence, she cares about her husband's border and bitter cold, sending clothes and tears to repair books again and again. Finally, she wants to send clothes. Four delicate and vivid psychological descriptions directly reveal the unforgettable and considerate love and affection between husband and wife.
(2) borrowing scenery to express emotion. That is, the poet expresses his feelings and thoughts in the scenery and expresses them through the description of the scenery (sound and light color, static and dynamic reality). Li Bai's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower: "An old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " There is not a word saying goodbye or sadness in the whole poem, but the feelings of sadness and farewell are endless, flowing with the water. Meng Haoran has a poem "Early Cold Feelings": "The wood falls to the south, and the water is cold with the north wind. My home is wandering by the river, and the sea of clouds is far away. I walked forward. I cried until my tears ran out and I returned to the sky. Where is the ferry? Can someone tell me? , more and more rough. It's getting dark. " The whole poem chooses a typical autumn scenery to express his feelings. The north wind is rustling, leaves are falling, and geese are flying south. In such an atmosphere, how can a lonely poet miss home in the face of a confused river? This kind of lyric poetry has a kind of "touching the scene", which is particularly interesting. Wang Changling's in my heart forever is a masterpiece. "Young women in the boudoir don't know how to worry, and make up brothels in spring. Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. " This poem describes a young woman in the boudoir, awakened by a bright spring day, dressed herself beautifully and boarded the building. Suddenly, she saw a green willow at the end of the road, and her heart changed subtly: in such a bright spring, she was alone in the empty boudoir, separated from her husband. What is even more frightening is that she had such a question-is my youth as yellow and green as this willow tree? If I had known this, why did I let my husband join the army and want to make contributions? Qingqing Liu Yang is alert to the young woman's long-term pain and lovesickness.
(3) Narrative lyricism. Some poems choose some details, scenes, fragments and events in life to express their feelings. Reading such a poem requires in-depth understanding and observation of feelings. Zhang Ji's Qiu Si: "Look at the autumn wind in Luoyang, I want a writer to write a book. I was so anxious that I couldn't say it, and the pedestrians opened again. " This poem is narrated throughout. The first sentence says that Luoyang City sees the autumn wind, which makes the wanderer miss his hometown relatives. I want to write a letter to my family, but I have many ideas. I don't know where to start. These two sentences are relatively plain. It is often amazing to grasp one detail: when the pedestrian (messenger) leaves, the poet seems to remember what he forgot to write in the letter, so he has to open the envelope and check it again. It is through this seemingly ordinary life detail that the subtle psychology of the wanderer's infinite concern for his relatives in his hometown is vividly expressed. The narrative in Wang Wei's Miscellaneous Poems (Part II) is full of the original flavor of life: "You people from my old country, tell me what happened there! . When you pass my silk window, are plum blossoms in full bloom? " The poet recorded a dialogue by line drawing (it should be the poet's question to the visitor): "You come from my hometown, so you should know something about your hometown?" Did the cold plum blossom in front of my window when you came? "The poet didn't say what he missed, but we clearly felt the poet's strong yearning for his hometown-the poet was so familiar with the scenery in his hometown and his tone was so urgent, how much he wanted to go back and have a look for himself! There are also some narrative works in ancient poetry, which are good at twists and turns and write waves in a short space. They are wonderful and worth pondering. The most representative is Jin Changxu's "Spring Complaint" in the late Tang Dynasty: "Drive the oriole away, and all the fun comes from the tree. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp. "Poetry is written in the tone of thinking of a woman in the boudoir, and the sentence is very abrupt. When you get up in the morning, you will smash the yellow on the tree in front of the door. Why? Originally, I didn't want it to crow in the branches; The oriole has a beautiful voice. Why? It turned out that it woke up my dream because of its crow; What dream is so sweet? It turned out that I dreamed that I met my husband who joined the army in western Liaoning, so no wonder I ran into that Huang. Four poems, one meaning and one meaning, use flashbacks and interlocking to show the extreme disappointment and boredom of women on paper, which can be described as extremely tortuous.
(4) Hold something to express your will. Poets use the characteristics of something in nature to express some ambition or emotion, and things in poetry are personalized. For example, Yu Shinan's "Cicada" said: "Drinking clear dew and smelling Shu Tong. It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. " Three or four sentences in the poem, with the unique feeling that cicadas spread far and wide, tell a truth, that is, people with noble moral character can be famous far and near without some outside help, thus expressing warm praise and high confidence in people's inner quality.
(5) borrow the ancient to satirize the present. This is a common way of chanting epic poems, which allegorizes the present dynasty with historical events. For example, Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng" says: "The propaganda room asks for a virtuous person to visit the minister, and Jia Sheng is even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. " This is a scene where Emperor Wen of Han summoned Jia Yi to ask him about ghosts and gods after the sacrifice in the Xuan room of Weiyang Palace. It is one of thousands of daily activities of emperors. Why did the poet seize this point to write? Because through this point, it reflects that it is false for Emperor China to seek the virtuous. Corporal Li apparently recalled Jia Yi, who was demoted to Changsha as a teacher, but did not reuse him. Jia Yi's talent and demeanor are unparalleled. His idea of weakening the king's power and consolidating the anti-Xiongnu outside the central government is correct. Emperor China didn't ask about these grand plans of governing the country, and even ignored the origin of ghosts and gods. Li Shangyin mocked Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, in fact, he also mocked some fatuous monarchs in the late Tang Dynasty, and mocked all rulers who sought virtue and fame but didn't actually value virtue.
(6) lyric with allusions. Use allusions to express feelings and satirize current events, such as Wang Wei's "Mid-Autumn Insects in the Mountains": "After the rain, the mountains are empty, and the autumn colors are dusk. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? "The couplet ends with Wang Sun's allusions. It turns out that "The Songs of Chu Recruit Hermits" said: "When the king returns, you can't stay in the mountains for a long time!" The poet's experience is just the opposite. He felt that "in the mountains" was better than "in the DPRK", clean and simple, and he could stay away from officialdom and lead a totally clean life, so he decided to retire. Li Bai's On Boarding Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace interweaves historical allusions, immediate scenery and his own feelings, expressing his embrace when he is worried about the country and the people, and has a long meaning.