The poetic nature of Xizhou Song?

Poetry of Western Zhou Dynasty is obscure and difficult to understand, and many researchers have different interpretations of it. The time, place, characters and narrative perspective of this poem are obscure, so it is difficult to achieve a unified and smooth interpretation. In the interpretation of Xizhou Qu, there are three controversial issues: first, who is the protagonist of Xizhou Qu and from whose perspective; Second, where is the place name in the poem and where is the protagonist's residence; Third, whether there are seasonal changes in the content of poetry. This paper analyzes the two images of "plum" and "lotus" in the poem, and probes into the interpretation of these three problems. There are two words "Mei" in the first sentence of Western Zhou Qu. There are different views on the understanding of these two words. There are three main ways to understand the first Mei. The first statement is represented by Mr. You Guoen, who suggested in On the West that "Mei" is probably the first name or surname of the woman in the poem. The second statement is represented by Mr. Kaga, who thinks that the word "Mei" should be synonymous with the word "Huan". "Huan" was widely used in Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, generally referring to "Huan Lang", which was the title of female lover at that time, as were the sentence patterns of "recalling Mei to Xizhou" and "Huan Wen to Yangzhou". The third view holds that "Mei" means plum blossom, and "Xia" means falling, that is, plum blossom falls. As for Ermei, most researchers understand it as true plum, or plum blossom, or plum branch, which can be folded and sent to Jiangbei. The author thinks that these three statements are flawed or inappropriate. The following will demonstrate the three statements and put forward my own views. If the first "Mei" refers to a woman's first name or surname, then the initiator of this action is a man. When a man thinks of the woman he loves, he comes to Xizhou. Naturally, it is also a man who "folds" and "sends" Mei to Jiangbei, and a woman's household registration is in Jiangbei. However, this understanding conflicts with the later article "Lotus Picking in Autumn in Nantang". The image analysis of "Lotus" can prove that "in the Western Zhou Dynasty Qu, the word" Lotus "appeared seven times, which is a homonym of" pity ". "Autumn Lotus Picking in Nantang" means that women go to Nantang to pick lotus, which shows that the woman's residence is very close to Nantang. Where is Nantang? "New Tang Book Geography": "Zhong Ling, renamed Zhenyuan Middle School, has East Lake in the south of the county. In the third year of Yuanhe, the secretariat Dan Wei opened a bucket door in Nantang to save the river and open a pond to irrigate the fields. " Therefore, some researchers have come to the conclusion that Nantang is near Zhong Ling, that is, the woman in the poem lives near Nanchang. This view remains to be discussed. Nantang is a tiny place in the poem, probably just a lotus pond. The name Nantang is also very common. Today, there is a place called Nantang Old Street in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. We should not make hasty judgments just because the dynasties far away from the Southern Dynasties recorded the same place names. The author believes that Nantang is located in the south of the Yangtze River. The image of "Lotus" appeared repeatedly in the Western Zhou Dynasty music, probably influenced by the Yuefu poem "Jiangnan" in Han Dynasty. "Lotus can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River, and there is no lotus leaf." The lotus picking scene described in the Western Zhou Dynasty music is similar to it. Jiangnan can be regarded as the originator of lotus-picking poetry, which is widely sung and has a great influence on later poetry creation. It is not only Jiangnan that has lotus flowers, but the poem Jiangnan is deeply rooted in people's hearts. When it comes to picking lotus, people think of "picking lotus in the south of the Yangtze River", just as now people think of "salted duck eggs" when they mention "Gaoyou". Gaoyou is not the only place to produce salted duck eggs. Wang Zengqi's article "Salted Duck Eggs in Gaoyou" is very natural. In poetry, the connection between "Picking Lotus" and "Jiangnan" is relatively solid. As a folk song processed by writers, Xizhou Qu is very reasonable to inherit and develop "Jiangnan" in folk creation. Because Nantang is in the south of the Yangtze River, the women who pick lotus in Nantang also live in the south of the Yangtze River. If _ "Mei" is understood as a woman's first name or surname, then the woman's place of residence becomes Jiangbei, which contradicts the place where the woman picks lotus. This woman lives in Jiangnan. She "remembers Xizhou", and the poem also mentions "Where is Xizhou? "Two oars crossing the bridge" shows that Xizhou is very close to Jiangnan, probably in Jiangnan. If the final Dream of Xizhou is still based on a woman as before, it seems unreasonable. Therefore, the last four sentences of the poem should be the psychological activities of the hero, telling the story of men: the south wind blew my thoughts to Xizhou and my beloved girl's dream. Therefore, "Xizhou Qu" is narrated in the tone of the protagonist, except that the protagonist in front does not write his own thoughts, but looks at the "Mei" sent by the woman to imagine what the woman thinks of him. The last four sentences become a man's self-report. The second statement "Mei" is synonymous with "Huan", which needs to be verified. First of all, "Mei" and "Huan" are not similar in pronunciation and glyph, so there is no possibility of substitution or mistake. Secondly, many poems in Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties directly use the word "Huan" to express "Huan Lang". Why does Xizhou Song only use "Mei" to express "Huan" in different ways? It is far-fetched to say that "Mei" and "Huan" are synonyms. The third way, "plum" is plum blossom. Many researchers support this statement and think that "Mei" is a pun, which refers to both plum blossom and husband. The author agrees with pun, but it is more appropriate to interpret the first plum as plum blossom. "Mei" and "Media" are homophonic. In ancient times, there was a custom for young men and women to get together and throw plums to choose lovers. "The Book of Songs, National Style and Mei": "_ Mei is actually seven. I am fortunate to ask for knowledge. " The hero and heroine in Xizhou Qu probably got to know each other by throwing plum blossoms. Xizhou Song is generally regarded as a folk song of the Southern Dynasties, which has been processed by literati. In the poems written by scholars in the past, there are many phenomena of borrowing or quoting the Book of Songs. The word "Mei" in Yi Mei Going to Xizhou may also absorb the meaning of Mei in You Mei. "Mei" in "_ You Mei" refers to mature plums, while "Mei" in "Xizhou Qu" expresses this meaning. In the season when plums are ripe, the heroine thinks plums are ripe and fall to the ground one after another, just like her lost youth, but she and her lover are still separated and can't meet each other, so she comes to Xizhou, where she once met her lover. At this time, all the plums on the plum tree have fallen off. This also explains that "Mei" in the second sentence means plum branch. "Mei" is interpreted as the difference between "Mei" and "Plum Blossom", which involves the understanding of whether "Xizhou Qu" is a poem of "Four Seasons of Acacia", because it is generally believed that the plum blossom season is winter and the plum blossom season has reached the turn of spring and summer. The author's point of view is that this poem does not describe the changes of the four seasons, but is fixed in the autumn season, which is why it is more appropriate to interpret "plum blossom" than "plum blossom", and the two prove each other. Nowadays, plums in Jiangnan ripen in early summer. According to Zhu Kezhen's research on climate change in China in the past five thousand years, the period of the Three Kingdoms, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the second cold period in ancient China. Therefore, in the Southern Dynasties, the ripening season of plums was pushed back, and the ripening season of plums fell in autumn. Moreover, the phrase "picking lotus in autumn in Nantang" has clearly pointed out that the season of poetry stories is autumn. Summary: The first "plum" in Xizhou Qu is plum, and the second "plum" is plum branch; The whole story is told from a man's point of view. In the first 28 sentences, the protagonist is a woman, and the man does not write his own thoughts, but imagines that the woman misses him, and the last 4 sentences become the man's self-report; Women live in Jiangnan, men live in Jiangbei, and Nantang and Xizhou are located near Jiangnan. The whole poem is set in autumn and is lyrical. Source: China Business News