Pan Zhimin: It is said that Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was in a bad mood when he was young, but he loved poetry very much. After he was angry with his cousin, he became a monk, claiming that he could not write a good poem and would never return to vulgarity. One day, there happened to be a saying: "Birds live in trees by the pool, and monks push the moon down the door." (titled "Li Ning lives in a secluded room"), Jia Dao hesitated whether to use the word "push" or "knock". Later, Jing Zhao and Yi Hanyu inquired about the situation and thought it was good to use the word "knock" because it could highlight the depth of the night and the quietness of the environment. Since then, many scholars have had a heated debate about the usage of this sentence "push" or "knock". Mr. Zhu Guangqian, a famous contemporary aesthete, also expressed his views in the article "Talking about Words", thinking that the word "push" is good, which is conducive to highlighting the late night, and all the monks in the temple have rested. A monk walked back to the temple, pushed open the door left unlocked and went in.
In my opinion, when talking about this issue, Mr. Zhu Guangqian and scholars of all ages seem to have overlooked a simple question: which door did the monk knock on? Is it the gate of the temple or the gate of the hermit Li Ning's seclusion? However, many people (including Mr. Zhu Guangqian) often take these two poems out of context and stick to their "scrutiny" instead of considering them as a whole.
Really: I think these two words have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is unfair to force one word to be better than the other. The word "knock" is better than the word "push" in the integration of sound and shape, just as Han Yu said. Judging from the new rhyme, the word "push" is better than the word "knock". And as Zhu Guangqian said, the word "push" is more in line with the quiet atmosphere at that time.
Pan Zhimin's Appreciation of Tang Poetry said:
"Living in seclusion with few neighbors, the grass trails into the wilderness. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door. Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. Come back here temporarily, and you will realize your words during the quiet period. " This five-character poem named Li Ning's Seclusion is Jia Dao's masterpiece. The whole poem only talks about such a trivial matter of life that he did not encounter when he visited his friends. The reason why it spread to the population is mainly in couplets. Zhuan Xu described what he saw and heard when he entered the secluded house. The "monk" in the sentence means that the author claimed to have converted to an empty door in his early years. It is difficult for poets to capture fleeting "instantaneous" scenery when writing landscapes. This is what Su Shi, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "When writing a poem, you should chase after the dead, and it is difficult to copy it after the scene is lost" ("A visit to two monks, Qin Hui and Huisi, in Lari Gushan"). This poem cleverly captures a poetic moment. You see, the moonlight is bright, the pool is full of water, the mottled moonlight shines in the thick green Woods by the pool, and birds are perched in the trees. In this lonely desert garden, a monk is knocking at the door gently, with a loud voice, like a vivid picture! "Bird lodge" is a static scene at a high place, and "monk knocking" is a dynamic scene at a low place, with sound and sound, high and low, static and dynamic. How harmonious they are. Moreover, we can imagine that the sound of knocking at the door will definitely disturb the birds, or cause them to scream and fly out in surprise, and then return to the nest after checking the movement. Ten words, dense images, secluded realm.
From the above analysis, "in this deserted garden, a monk is knocking at the door gently, with a loud voice, which looks like a colorful picture!" " "The monk obviously knocked on the door of Li Ning's secluded place, not the door of the temple.
"Appreciation of Tang Poetry" said again:
The word "Shen" in this couplet is almost a household name. According to Article 40 of Tang Shizhi, Jia Dao is waiting for his application for the World Heritage in Chang 'an. One day, he rode a donkey to the street and suddenly got these two poems. At first, he planned to change the word "push" into the word "knock" and put it on the donkey's back hand in hand for deliberation. In a trance, he violated Han Yu's guard of honor, when the poet was Zhao Yin, and was immediately arrested and questioned. Jia Dao's answer is very solid. Han Yu immediately thought for a long time and said to Jia Dao, "It is better to do the word' knock'." The two became poetry friends. It can be seen that Jia Dao is diligent and meticulous in the choice of words and sentences in his poems. This story later became a much-told story in literary creation. However, in this couplet, is it better to use the word "knock" or "push"? Some experts in Tang poetry said: "Pushing the door is silent, knocking at the door is audible; The word' push' is dumb, and the word' knock' is bright; The four fields were quiet and the moonlight was bright. At this time, a monk in clothes raised his hand and knocked on the door, and his voice resounded through the space, and the realm was twice as quiet. " (Ma Maoyuan, Zhao Changping, Three Hundred Newly Edited Tang Poems) That is to say, the word "knock" is better than the word "push". Most people may agree with this view. Wu Guanzhong, a painter, said: "Knocking is sound, as opposed to quietness. However, this situation highlights whether the contrast between silence and noise destroys the overall tone, which is caught in the sound but failed in the picture. Pushing the door, silently, without words, only the action of pushing, drawing lines in motion, is more harmonious than' knocking' without losing the unity of the picture. " He objected from the perspective of painting, pointing out that "pushing" is better than "knocking", which is also a wonderful solution.
Looking forward to your analysis.
Chongyuan: According to the poem entitled Li Ning's Seclusion and the scene described in the poem, it can be judged that the "monk" knocked on the door of Li Ning's Seclusion, not the door of the temple. Therefore, the word "knock" in "Monks knocking on the Moon Gate" is better than the word "push". It's not hard to understand. Under normal circumstances, the doors of people's homes should be closed at night, especially the doors of "seclusion" (poetry refers to the homes in the wild). The door of Li Ning's seclusion is closed. The monk can't go in directly, so he needs to knock on the door to inform his master to open the door. The door is covered, so you can "push the door" without knocking. As for the other benefits of the word "knock", Ma Maoyuan and Zhao Changping have already had a wonderful answer in "Three Hundred Tang Poems", so I won't go into details here.
Pan Zhimin: However, in Shuo Wen, Mr. Zhu Guangqian thinks that monks are knocking at the door of the temple. The relevant text reads as follows:
Some people simply understand the close relationship between words and thoughts and feelings, thinking that changing one or two words is only to make words smoother or more beautiful. In fact, words move much, thoughts and feelings move much at the same time, and the content and form change with each other. Give a well-known example. One moonlit night, Han Yu heard Jia Dao chanting poems: "A tree and a bird are waiting by the pool, and a monk pushes the door under the moon." He suggested that he change the word "push" to "knock". As a beautiful story, this passage has been told through the ages, so today's people should say the meaning of speaking like a book in a better way and say "deliberately". People in ancient and modern times also appreciate the word "knock" rather than "push". In fact, this is not only the difference of words, but also the difference of artistic conception. Although "pushing" seems a bit reckless, it means that the lonely monk said he would go back to the temple. The door was built by itself, but now it is pushed. He wants to push himself, indicating that he is the only monk in the temple. In this cold and lonely occasion, he has the interest to go out for a walk, come back happily, go alone, feel at ease, he has his own mind and tolerance. "Knocking" made him more polite, indicating that someone answered the door in the temple. He seems to be visiting friends on a moonlit night, unwilling to be lonely. If it is not a lively occasion, there is at least some warm feeling in the temple. Comparatively speaking, "knocking" air is not as cold as "pushing" air. As far as the last sentence is concerned, "pushing" seems to be more harmonious than "knocking" "Push" can be silent, and "knock" is bound to have a pecking sound, which will wake the birds and break the silence, which seems to add more trouble. So I doubt whether Han Yu's revision is really as appropriate as it has been praised in ancient and modern times. Only he knows what kind of artistic conception Jia Dao was playing in his mind. If he wants to "push" and knock, or push when he wants to "knock", I think that's impossible. So the question is not whether the word "push" or "knock" is more appropriate, but which realm he wanted to say at that time and blended with the whole poem. In words, it is really "deliberate" in thoughts and feelings.
I have two questions:
1. Give a well-known example. One moonlit night, Han Yu heard Jia Dao chanting poems, saying, "Trees and birds stay by the pool, and monks push the door under the moon" and advised him to change the word "push" to "knock". (Zhi Min comments: Not everyone knows. Judging from this passage, Mr. Zhu "doesn't know"! )
2. "Pushing" is a bit reckless, but it means that the solitary monk returned to the temple after a long journey. The door was hidden by himself, but now he "pushes". He wants to hide himself and others, which shows that he is the only monk in the temple. In this cold and lonely occasion, he has the interest to go out for a walk, come back happily, go alone, feel at ease, he has his own mind and tolerance. "Knocking" made him more polite, indicating that someone answered the door in the temple. Zhi Min's comments: When I was teaching this class, I wonder if Mr. Zhu Guangqian had read all of Li Ning's poem "Seclusion" and read some previous comments on this poem! )
I read a lot of teaching guidance books and related materials and the article "Talking about Words" on the Internet (including some new teaching designs and teaching plans on the Internet), and found that no one had realized this problem before. This is a rumor. It can be said that knocking on the wrong door misled many people! For example:
"Mr. Zhu Guangqian, the master of aesthetics, with his profound humanistic quality and delicate writing sensitivity, convincingly expressed the necessity of careful use of words and the need to develop good habits of paying attention to pondering in writing and reading with a large number of accurate language examples in this short article. The author thinks that Guo Moruo's example of changing "you have revolutionary demeanor" into "you have revolutionary demeanor" seems inappropriate. He also thinks that whether Han's "knocking" is better than Jia Dao's "pushing" is debatable. In this regard, the author tells a convincing truth. This innovative spirit of independent thinking and seeking truth from facts is the essence of quality education that we advocate today and is worth learning. " (Excerpted from Zhang Guangxiang's Talking about Text (User Feeds) /news/8027.htm)
Is the truth really convincing and can it stand scrutiny?
Li: Which door are you knocking at? My personal understanding now is that it may be Li Ning's door. But no matter which door it is, two questions must be clarified: 1) Who is Li Ning? What is birth, illness and death? 2) What does the word "barren" mean?
Why should we pay attention to these two issues? Because these two questions are related to whether Li Ning was still alive when the monk went to seclusion, or whether he guessed what seclusion was like. If people don't need to be locked when they are gone or living in seclusion, isn't the word "knock" more appropriate? Judging from the whole poem, this poem should be regarded as a poem expressing ambition-expressing the poet's seclusion mentality. According to the available information, Li is a hermit. What does a hermit care about locking doors and windows? This is a problem. Another question is that the last few words should be regarded as the scene that the poet saw when he visited his close friend, but he didn't see his way home. Did you see the scenery in the last two sentences in a temple or a garden or on the road? Is it because the poet can't find peace in the temple after he retired, or because there is no one in the garden, or for other reasons, which makes the poet feel that he will come back here for the time being and keep his word during his seclusion? I think only by clarifying these problems can the landlord's problems be solved!
Pan Zhimin: Which door the monk opened should not only be a question of "pushing" or "knocking", but also reflect whether the attitude of studying is rigorous and whether the spirit of questioning is advocated in the teaching process.
Chongyuan: According to the available information, Li Ning is a friend and hermit of the poet Jia Dao. His life story is unknown, but this does not affect the understanding of this poem.
This five-character rhythmic poem named Li Ning's Seclusion is narrative, scenery descriptive and lyrical. Narrative, describing what the poet did not encounter when he visited his friend "Li Ning's seclusion"; Write a landscape description of "Li Ning's seclusion" and its surrounding environment (the first two couplets), as well as the scenery (necklace) he saw on his way home. The word "desolation" in the poem means "wilderness", which is consistent with "seclusion"; Lyrical expression of the poet's "love affair" (tail couplet).
Writing in the evening, Jia Dao also has poems such as "Twilight over the Mountain Village"; Poems written by poets who have never met a hermit include "Never met a hermit" and "Living in a hermit". The poem "Don't meet strangers" is well known, with only four lines and twenty crosses: "When I asked your students under a pine tree," he replied, "my teacher went to collect herbs." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? It is written that the poet went to visit a hermit in the mountains and the result was "unexpected". The poem only describes such a thing, but does not explain the relationship between the poet and the hermit, nor does it explain the reason for the poet's visit, leaving readers with room for imagination. The same is true of Li Ning's "Seclusion". The poet knew Li Ning's name and visited him. There is no doubt that Li Ning is a friend of the poet. The poet went to visit, but he didn't meet Li Ning. It can be seen that the poet did not know Li Ning's recent situation at that time, and it can be inferred from the couplets that Li Ning is still alive. Li Ning is not dead, but he is not at home. The only explanation is that he wandered away, just like the hermit-the boy's teacher in Visiting the Hermit. When he went out, the door of his "seclusion" was closed, and "the monk knocked at the door under the moon" was understandable.
Poetry, after all, is neither science nor documentary literature, and its content cannot and does not need to be decided. Leaving a lot of imagination for readers is one of the ways of expression of poetry and the charm of poetry. This is also my supplementary explanation to the previous post!
Wu Liming: My opinion may be different from that of Mr. Pan. Su Shi has a poem saying: Looking horizontally, the mountain side becomes a peak, and the distance is different. I want to comment on poetry, because critics stand in different positions and say different things, which will inevitably lead to different conclusions. Mr. Ma Maoyuan and Mr. Zhu Guangqian, who are both old Tongcheng, should be one voice, but they are not. It turns out that one is the pursuit of "vivid" picture effect, and the other is to find a "secluded environment" close to the author.
Obviously, the pursuit of poetry appreciation is the vivid picture effect, which is a common example in ancient poetry. However, in the pursuit of poetry, especially when it comes to the personal style of poet Jia Dao, it seems difficult for the appreciator to reach a "secluded place". Such an explanation ("vivid" picture effect) seems to dilute the spiritual feeling of loneliness as a poet; But also confused the style and interest of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty and the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Then, we saw the painter Wu Guanzhong, an artist's view of the scenery closer to nature. Perhaps we can find some mystery of explanation in this kind of "poetry and painting".
But I think the question raised by teacher Pan is extremely valuable. Which door was pushed (knocked)? We might as well go back to the poem and have a look.
If we follow the poet Jia Dao to visit our lover Li Ning, then this poem can be explained as follows-
I live in a quiet environment with few people coming and going. Today, I came to your residence, but I saw that the deserted garden was lonely and the grass was dense. You are the same as me here. I didn't see your figure, but I saw the birds perched on the tree by the pool, and your door was closed. I knocked on your Chai Men several times, but there was only an answer, and I left. Na Yue, at this moment, it is mottled on your door, reflecting my figure. Oh, Na Yue, I remember. When I came, I passed the bridge by your pool, which felt very different from the road here. Here, the stone light is like practice, the clouds move, and the light and shadow move. I can't see you when I come today, but I will come again. I will never say anything about our private meeting.
In fact, the first four sentences of this poem can also be justified, and this explanation does not seem to be forced-
I live in a quiet environment with few people coming and going. My deserted garden is silent and the roads are dense. Where I live, few people come to see me, and I am only accompanied by birds living in trees by the pool. Often a person travels in the wild, accompanied by the bright moon, and a person goes to the temple to hide firewood and fly. Where you live, after going to that stone bridge, it will make me feel that the scenery here is very different from the outside. I saw the moonlight moving on the clouds and floating on the pool stone. I didn't meet you today, but I will come again. I will never be negative about our private meeting.
For the understanding of poetry, if we only look for a word "reason", we may enter the path of Song poetry. In the face of "reason", we often think we are proud, but as a result, the beauty of many poems will be destroyed by us. Be sure to remember the time when Zhuangzi and Keiko "toured the city". Keiko thinks that the power of logic is powerful, but he doesn't know the joy of knowing fish. If there is always a gap between people, there will be no traffic. Because of "empathy", inanimate creatures have life, and the distance between the worlds has narrowed, so we see the "humanized" universe.
I think Mr. Zhu Guangqian and his articles should be understood from the perspective of literary interpretation.
Pan Zhimin: "Which door is the monk knocking at?" Is it the gate of the temple or the hermit Li Ning's seclusion? On the surface, this problem has little influence on the theme and artistic conception of this poem. In fact, it is helpful for us to correctly guide students to interpret the lesson of "speaking words" and explore whether Mr. Zhu Guangqian has taken these two poems out of context and stuck to the "scrutiny". I looked for a lot of teaching materials, but I didn't understand this question, which often misled students! Therefore, personally, I think it is necessary to discuss this issue!
Chongyuan: I think this discussion is quite meaningful. Welcome friends to continue to express their views!
(2) Scenario 2: Maybe you didn't knock or push the door?
Wu Liming: I think there are still many problems in Jia Dao's "censorship". Do you need to discuss them?
Hui Ling wholeheartedly: Personally, I think it is better to use the word "knock". No matter who comes to the house, he doesn't say anything about movement and charm. The point is that he is a guest. Since you are a guest, even if the door is unlocked, it is always bad to push through the door. We can ask, what did he come in for? Is anyone in the door? It's actually quite simple. No matter which door it is, no matter whether there is anyone in it, as long as it is not your own door, it is always rash to go in directly, especially for a scholar. Besides, instead of knocking at the front door, you always have to knock at the second door, because he is looking for someone to come in.
Just now, my children also expressed their views. He thinks that the word "knock" destroys the artistic conception of a quiet night, but he thinks that it is always unreasonable to use the word "push", so "scrutiny" has become an agreed word to consider refining words because its contradiction is difficult to decide. I think there are some reasons. If we insist on making it clear, it will only be the "scrutiny" of future generations. For high school students, as long as one or two points are listed to arouse their independent inquiry, the purpose of deliberation will be achieved.
Wu Liming: It's a poem, allowing scrutiny. Haven't you been doing it for more than a thousand years? I think it is meaningful that this "case-solving" continues to be "tried". After all, it is very new to students. Constant scrutiny, in fact, is that students are constantly approaching our poems and understanding them. Why not? Just like chewing olives. Actually, I can't satisfy my hunger, but I feel endless. I think that's enough. Moreover, when we study poetry, we often only emphasize the instillation of the general idea of poetry, while ignoring the students' direct feelings and understanding of poetry. However, students' understanding and feelings about poetry often can't catch students' curiosity, and they can't have a strong sense of strangeness like this "scrutiny".
Hui Ling is United: it is meaningful, just like a hen laying golden eggs, which makes students walk into poetry in this strange mystery.
Xiao Yi: Yes! This kind of examination is very fresh and meaningful for students. After reading the above discussion, it seems that Mr. Zhu Guangqian really took it out of context. Judging from the original poem, it should be Li Ning's gate, not the temple gate. A meaningful topic, learning lies in discovery, and the teacher above sets an example for the students. Educated! Enlighten me-in the future, we should pay attention to guiding students to do some meaningful and distinctive "deliberation" in teaching.
Hui Ling agreed that this topic is very good and meaningful. From the beginning of deliberation, we can talk about it and discuss it.
Wu Liming: Teacher Pan provided a lot of information. Thanks in advance! Thank you, Mr Hui Ling Yixin! Indeed, "the topic is very good and meaningful. From the beginning of deliberation, we can talk about it and explore it. "
However, I still think "push" is good. Generally speaking, we only pay attention to whether there is a vivid picture in poetry, which seems to be a common problem in poetry, so I don't agree with Mr. Ma Maoyuan. Speaking of poetry, don't stick to individual words, but appreciate the artistic conception and meaning of poetry. I just want to say here that we should pay attention to the poet's "seclusion".
Iron drum: Brother Li Ming, the discussion is very valuable. Because I have talked about refining words, it is inevitable that it involves the allusions of scrutiny. Personally, I have always been in favor of "pushing" rather than "knocking" for the simple reason that "pushing" is more natural and "knocking" is too abrupt. If you think silence can only be revealed by sound, I think it is a rubber drum instrument. What matters here is the sense of language. It is not bad for some netizens to discuss it from the periphery. It is very enlightening after reading it.
Xiao Yi: Now let's take a look at 1998 national college entrance examination questions and answers:
Read the following Tang poem and complete 14- 15.
Li Ning lives in seclusion (passageway)
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness. Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks. I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
14, the interpretation of the sentence in this poem is inappropriate (b)
A the word "Ti" in "Ti Li Ning's Seclusion" means "writing" and "Seclusion" means seclusion.
In the sentence of "seclusion", "few neighbors" means that Li Ning has had neighbors as companions since childhood.
C. the word "knock" in the sentence "monk knock" is also called "push", and the word "scrutiny" comes from this.
D in the sentence "quiet period", "quiet period" refers to the agreement of seclusion, and "keeping promise" means not breaking your word.
15, appreciation of this poem, inappropriate is (c)
A. First, outline the living environment of Li Ning in concise language, implying his status as a hermit.
B, the sentence "Monks knock on the moon door" is similar to the famous sentence "Tonamiyama is more secluded".
C, the middle two couplets mainly narrate and write scenes, and the first and second couplets clearly write out the author's yearning for seclusion.
D. Although the things written in the whole poem are not big, there are no ups and downs in feelings, but because of the emphasis on refining words, it is memorable to read.
Wu Liming: I don't think this college entrance examination question will be done well. Poetry has many interpretations, especially ancient poems. This definite answer can only ruin poetry. I think there should be many interpretations of poetry. I think our discussion here can explain some problems.
Hui Ling wholeheartedly: After reading the above words, as far as the artistic conception of the poem is concerned, the knocking at the door in a quiet night really destroyed the tranquility and harmony of the scene. But as far as the night experience is concerned, most of them act quietly and will not disturb the night elves unless they have to, which has actually destroyed the artistic conception of the poem. As poets, they can capture the instantaneous poetic mood, their mood must be as quiet as this night scene, and the inspiration of poetry must be like a bird.
Now back to the theme, regardless of the success or failure of the poem, I don't think it is necessary to knock at the door under the moon. The courtyard must be a place where poets can go in and out, otherwise the poet's deliberation in the above story is a bit fake for poetry. In this way, the knocking words in the poems handed down from generation to generation must be knocked again. That door is not your own door. If you are a visitor and don't knock on the door, the host will be a little sneaky. It seems that this scrutiny is really a difficult contradiction.
Since this door can be pushed and knocked, we don't have to care about the authenticity of scrutiny when we interpret this poem now, but only discuss the advantages and disadvantages of scrutiny from the artistic conception of the poem.
Wu Liming: Indeed, poetry is good because of emotion, but expensive because of rarity. But it needs a special ceremony and a special poem. In Jia Dao's view, that kind of secret poetry hovers in my mind and needs to be expressed, but it can't be angry with alcohol. Monks generally can't drink alcohol, so they can't write poems in a hazy and drunk state. -It's really hard for him.
Poets are lonely, but to have a wonderful and hidden spiritual gathering, you must be spontaneous and casual, as we saw in Tao Qian. But it is really difficult for a reserved poet to become such a master. I think his request for Han Yu's decision is not really understood by Han Yu from the specific situation of poetry. What's more, the word "knock" has a Korean style and often makes a fuss in strange places. This is the true nature of the acting mayor. So the word "knock" is not appropriate, and there may be another reason.
Wang: I think the choice of the word "scrutiny" should not be divorced from the specific life experience and spiritual feelings. The poet's own experience and feelings are the most important, but once a literary work is published, it has its own literary value and aesthetic significance, so an eternal debate is inevitable!
Tang Chunbing: I have a little idea. This poem was written by Jia Dao himself, and he experienced it personally. So did he knock on the door or push the door himself? Can't you just write truthfully?
Wu Liming: I think people at that time may still have some mysterious views on poetry. Moreover, from Lao Du's "words are not surprising and never stop", can we also see people's serious and persistent attitude towards poetry at that time? If written truthfully, it may be bland and not as good as Dow's poetic effect.
Tang Chunbing: I mean, did Jia guide himself to knock or push the door? Is there a record?
Hui Ling is united: I think either he didn't knock or push the door, or he won't hesitate.
Tang Chunbing: Yes, I think singleness makes sense. Maybe that's when his deliberation began.
Wu Liming: Teacher Su's poetic thinking is very unique. On second thought, it does make sense. Jia Dao, maybe he's just writing a poem. Maybe Jia Dao really should experience it once. However, I wait for this idea to be just a guess. Who knows where the secret passage to Jia Daoxin is? Maybe poetry is really a mystery!
Tang Chunbing: It would be very interesting if we can find relevant literature to prove these speculations.
Wu Liming: Some mysteries can only be left to readers forever. Just like Li Shangyin's poem, isn't it getting more and more interesting?
I remember clive bell said in his book "Art": "When Mr. Okakura, the government editor of the Japanese temple library, first came to Europe, he had no difficulty in appreciating the works of painters who did not create illusions for will and skill, but concentrated on formal creation. He immediately understood the Byzantine masters and the original painters in France and Italy. On the other hand, because Renaissance painters were keen on description and interested in literature and anecdotes, what he saw in them was vulgarity and chaos. ..... Similarly, Europeans with strong feelings can respond to the meaningful forms of great oriental art without thinking, but they are indifferent to the artistic anecdotes and social criticisms that amateur art lovers in China relish. " Although this talk is about painting, it is still applicable to literature. I think that incisive understanding and interpretation of "skills" may be different from understanding poetry or literature. I sincerely hope that Mr. Tang will criticize.
Of course, from this scrutiny, it seems that we can also feel how the poets behind their heyday are firmly dreaming that bitter literary dream. And Han Yu's word is "knock". I always think there are many things worth rubbing. Even, I think in a considerable sense, it is Han Yu who fascinates us with today's "case-solving". Repeat what you said in the first scene:
Su Shi has a poem saying: Looking horizontally, the mountain side becomes a peak, and the distance is different. I want to comment on poetry, because critics stand in different positions and say different things, which will inevitably lead to different conclusions. Mr. Ma Maoyuan and Mr. Zhu Guangqian, who are both old Tongcheng, should be one voice, but they are not. It turns out that one is the pursuit of "vivid" picture effect, and the other is to find a "secluded environment" close to the author.
Obviously, the pursuit of poetry appreciation is the vivid picture effect, which is a common example in ancient poetry. However, in the pursuit of poetry, especially when it comes to the personal style of poet Jia Dao, it seems difficult for the appreciator to reach a "secluded place". This explanation also seems to dilute the spiritual feeling of loneliness as a poet; But also confused the style and interest of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty and the middle and late Tang Dynasty. So, on the fifth floor, we saw the painter Wu Guanzhong, an artist's view closer to nature. Perhaps we can find some mystery of explanation in this kind of "poetry and painting".
Wu Liming: I have noticed the introduction of Jia Dao in the history of China literature. First, he changed his life into poetry ("as long as he doesn't write poetry, his heart is like an abandoned well." He likes to write about fireflies, ant nests, snakes and strange birds. He explored dark corners that others didn't notice along familiar paths. Most of his friends are monks and Taoists. This is unfamiliar to us. So censorship is inevitable. Second, he became a monk in his early years and later came to Luo Jing to meet Han Yu, so he returned to the secular world and raised a scholar. I think his choice of the word "knock" cannot rule out his affection for Han Yu, and I hope his introduction and promotion.