First, the common thoughts and feelings in poetry.
1 When you are worried about your country and hurt yourself:
Expose the fatuous and decadent rulers, such as Du Mu's "Crossing the Qing Palace" (Chang 'an looks back and embroiders in piles, and thousands of doors open at the top of the mountain. As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south. )
Reflect the pain of leaving the troubled times, such as: Du Fu's "Spring Hope" (although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the plants are green in spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. At the peak of March, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. )
Sympathize with people's sufferings, such as Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man.
Worries about the future and destiny of the nation, such as Du Fu's "Climbing the Building" (flowers, as high as my window, hurt the hearts of wanderers, because I see, from this height, everywhere sad. The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable. The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet. However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain. )
2. Make meritorious service to the country
The desire to make contributions is as follows: Cao Cao's "Although the turtle is born" (Although the turtle is born, there is still a time. The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust. An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. The year of surplus harvest is not only in the sky. Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. ) Lu You's book "Anger" (It is difficult to be a governor when you are young)
The determination to defend our country is as follows: Wang Changling's Join the Army. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. )
Is there any way to serve the country, such as Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia at Jingkou Gubeiting" and "Ugly Slave"? Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow.
The pain of the decline of mountains and rivers is like: Lu You's Shizi (I didn't know everything was empty until I died, but I was sad to see Kyushu. Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, so don't forget to tell Nai Weng about family sacrifices. ) Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Zero Ocean" (Once you encounter hard work, the war is sparse. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. )
Over time, the sigh of hard ambition is like: Su Shi's Water Tune? Chibi nostalgia "
Exposing the belligerence of rulers: Du Fu's Car Shop
Sadness with unclear ideals, such as Qu Yuan's Crossing the River.
3. Homesick people
Wandering and anxiety: Meng Haoran's Sleeping in Jiande (my boat is sailing in the fog, the day is getting shorter and the memories of the old days begin). The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon. ) Wen Tingyun's "Going to Good Morning" (I will levy in the morning and I will mourn my hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost. Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food. )
Miss relatives and friends, such as Wang Wei's "I miss my Shandong brothers on vacation in the mountains" and Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi"? Ten years of life and death "
Homesick border, such as: Fan Zhongyan's "Pride of Fisherman" (Qiu Lai scenery is different, Hengyang geese go inadvertently. The four sides are connected with each other. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke closes. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. Guan Qiang frost is sleepless in the world, and the general is white-haired and in tears! )
People in the boudoir, such as: Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart (Young women in the boudoir don't know how to worry, but when spring comes, makeup will go to Cuilou. Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have sent my husband to Hou Feng. ) Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand" (When the pavilion is destroyed, the creek bridge is thin and the grass is warm and swaying. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. Pingwu is full of spring mountains, and pedestrians are even outside. ) Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge (a bright moon hangs high in the capital, and ten thousand washing hammers knock. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ? )
4. Miscellaneous feelings of life
I like the leisure of landscape and countryside, such as Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains by Wang Wei and Passing the Old People's Village by Meng Haoran.
The feelings of prosperity in the past are as follows: Jiang Kui's slow Yangzhou and Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane.
The feeling of satirizing the present through the past is as follows: Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia at Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou"
The sadness of youth is fleeting, such as Li Qingzhao's dream? Last night, it rained and suddenly there was a strong wind.
Frustration in official career, such as Bai Juyi's pipa and Su Shi's water tune? When did the moon begin to appear?
Comfort the joy of life, such as: Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", the banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army, and Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon (the bright moon surprises the magpie, and the breeze cries at midnight. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance. In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge. )
5. Farewell, Pavilion
Reluctantly, such as Liu Yong's Yu Linling and Wang Wei's acropolis.
Affectionate encouragement, such as Wang Bo's "Send Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan" (across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, the five rivers become a river). We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place. Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel. )
Tan Chen's confession of the new knowledge is as follows: Wang Changling's "Parting with the new knowledge at Furong Inn" (On a rainy night in Wu Han, Chushan was flat and clear. Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! )
Second, the problems that should be paid attention to in evaluating the ideological content of works
1. Understanding the writer's life, thoughts and creative style is helpful to understand and grasp the content of his works.
2. An era has its own characteristics, and an era has its own literature. A correct understanding of the style and characteristics of an era is also helpful to accurately grasp the literary works of this era.
3. Many ancient poems are preceded by a brief preface, some explaining the creation time, some explaining the creation reason, some explaining the creation process, some explaining the creation background, and some laying the emotional tone for the whole work, which is also very important for understanding the ideological content of the work.
4. The thoughts and feelings of most works are not single, which may be mixed with many very complicated emotions. Pay special attention to this point. Of course, readers can sometimes use their imagination to re-create on the basis of the original. In addition, a writer's overall creative interest and style should be fixed, but it does not rule out the existence of special cases in individual works.
Third, to appreciate all kinds of poems, we should master some macro appreciation essentials:
1, borrowing scenery to express feelings, we should understand the artistic conception of the blending of scenery in the poem, understand the feelings expressed by the poet in writing scenery, and grasp its writing skills and language characteristics; Expressing poetry by things means that the poet does not directly express his thoughts and feelings, but uses symbols, interests and other means to integrate his ideals and personality interests into a specific thing to achieve the purpose of expressing his will;
2. Cherish ancient poems by chanting history, and connect with the background to understand emotions (feeling the rise and fall, or pinning grief, or satirizing the present);
3. The farewell poems for hurting spring are used to express fleeting youth and unrequited love feelings, or express infinite thoughts for relatives, friends and lovers;
4. Landscape pastoral poetry is the poet's aesthetic object of landscape pastoral poetry, casting delicate brushstrokes into quiet Shan Ye and leisurely fields to create an idyllic life, thus expressing his dissatisfaction with reality and yearning for a quiet and peaceful life;
5. The poems of frontier fortress battle reflect the fighting spirit of frontier fortress soldiers who are brave in danger and defend their country, or describe the deep feelings of soldiers and their loved ones missing each other, or satirize and persuade the arrogant rulers;
6. Send a farewell poem to a friend, rendering the bleak atmosphere of crossing the scenery when leaving, and expressing the feelings of being inseparable or encouraging;
7. Poems that will always be in my heart, writing about a boudoir woman complaining about her husband's long absence or missing her husband in the border; Poetry in the journey is the longing and yearning for the distant hometown caused by what the wandering poet saw and heard.
8. Talking about Zen poetry means that the poet tells his epiphany or observation about something similar to Zen in his poems. Such poems often have an ethereal realm that is out of touch with human fireworks and so on.
Fourth, the standard answer language when appreciating the feelings, contents and themes of poetry.
Theme: lyric poems about scenery (such as Autumn Night in the Mountains by Wang Wei, Climbing the Mountain by Du Fu and Climbing Yueyang Tower); Poems that are lyrical about things (such as Jinse by Li Shangyin, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu and Liu Yong by He); Nostalgic poems (such as Su Shi's Nian Nu Jiao)? Chibi nostalgia, Xin Qiji, eternal love? Gubeiting in Jingkou nostalgia, Du Fu's book fragrance, Liu Yuxi's stone city); Poems about objects (such as Yu Meiren by Li Yu, Yulinling by Liu Yong, Pruning Plums by Li Qingzhao and Slow Yangzhou by Jiang Kui); Frontier poems (such as Wang Changling's Out of the Great Wall, Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing, and Bai Xuege's Farewell to Tian Shuji's Home).
Evaluation of ideological content: express the thoughts and feelings of …, reflect the social reality of …, and express the feelings of … (such as love, sadness, depression, etc.). Express the pursuit of …, reveal the feelings of …, and create the feelings of ….
Try to figure out the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry: infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, concern for the country and the people, contempt for the powerful, lack of talent, hard to pay, retreat to the countryside, cherish spring and autumn, wanderer and worry about the people, homesickness.