1. Basic knowledge objective:
First, understand the knowledge about prose poetry.
B, understand the true meaning contained in memory.
C, understand the writing background of "threshold" and understand the symbolic meaning of "threshold".
2. Ability training objectives:
Grasp the graceful twists and turns of memory, the writing characteristics of level and depth, and the symbolic technique of threshold.
3. Ideological education objectives:
A, by studying the article memory, pursue the truth, goodness and beauty, stay away from the false and ugly, and be a benevolent, wise and strong person in life.
B, learn the article "Threshold", in the face of life choices, be calm, calm, persistent in the pursuit of ideals, and firm in faith.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1. Understand the true meaning contained in memory and grasp the structural features of graceful gyrations in memory.
2. Understand the symbolic meaning of "threshold"
Teaching methods: reading aloud, discussing and comparing reading.
First, preview the text
1. Add some words or write Chinese characters according to Pinyin.
Narrow () grey () crime () crown ()
The threshold () is stubborn () looking at it () pity () temple ().
2. Explain the following words
(1) Bad mood: micro-infarction, indicating slight bad mood or unhappiness.
(2) Stubborn: stubborn and willful, not listening to other people's opinions.
(3) extinction: the disappearance of traces, impressions, etc.
(4) sin: sin, doing bad things. Buddhist terminology.
(5) Freedom: freedom and freedom.
(6) Spring flowers and autumn fruits: spring flowers and autumn fruits. (mainly used figuratively)
Two. cognitive process
Import:
We have learned a lot of poems and essays since the beginning of school. Today, we will learn a new style, which is also a combination of two kinds of prose poems. Prose poetry is the fourth rebellion against autocratic poetry in the history of China's poetry development, and it is a new poetic style. Prose poetry, as a poetic style, has achieved an independent status and flourished since the birth of the May 4th New Culture Movement, and has been explored by poets in past dynasties for more than half a century. It has both the form of prose and the artistic beauty of poetry. Let's read two excellent prose poems, Memories and Threshold, to appreciate the beauty of language, form and artistic conception.
(A) learning "memory"
1. Ask students to read aloud with emotion, play the reading materials with music conditionally, and fully brew the classroom atmosphere.
2. Analyze the text content and appreciate the text deeply.
(1) In memory, what does "the true meaning contained in memory" mean? How does the author vividly reveal this truth step by step?
Tip: to answer the first question, you should extract it from the full text and focus on summarizing several paragraphs of the text. To answer the second question, first divide the whole article into several parts according to the marks of quotation and turning, and then connect them in series with concise sentences.
A: The first question is that memory is a measure of human strength, dignity, beauty, ugliness, good and evil. In people's memory, mediocre people, traitors, fools and cowards will be cast aside, and those who are selfless and brave in dedication will be immortal.
The second question is, what is a person who forgets first, then remembers without external form, then touches on the core topic of memory, and finally evaluates all kinds of memories. There is a clear sign at the pick-up and turning point: "Memory, what is it?" -"This is about forgetting. What about memory? " -"What is memory?" The full text "Let's talk about other things first", after several twists and turns, "deliver a speech and sing" is full of interest.
(2) In memory, the author assumes that you had a face-to-face cordial conversation. What are the benefits of this question and answer?
A: This article assumes that I (the author) have a cordial face-to-face conversation with you (a young friend), asking questions and answering questions. This "hypothetical" situation is helpful to close the distance between the reader and the author and make the author's "written dialogue" approachable. Although as always, the author wrote many beautiful images in beautiful language, which made the article present an elegant atmosphere.
(3) What do the two legends in this article express? What kind of emotion does the following discussion express?
A: These two legends show that memory is eternal. Those who do evil will not destroy it, but those who do good will remember it. It expresses the author's hatred for mediocrity, traitors, fools and cowards, and his reverence and praise for wise men and warriors.
(4) In memory, which two rhetorical devices are used the most and have the best effect?
A: Metaphor and parallelism.
Metaphor has the characteristics of serialization. "Memory" is compared to all kinds of things: ashes, running water and fallen flowers. In every metaphor, there is a vivid and further metaphorical description. As far as the metaphor of "running water" is concerned, a further metaphorical description is still behind: "It rushes in, but it will always disappear beyond the horizon", "Even running water can't solve the thirst of travelers in the end."
The physician said ... the moralist said ... the Buddhist said ... ""... is a mediocre man ... a traitor ... a coward "or quoted a famous saying, or wrote a subtle epigram, which was arranged in a single line like a poem, with momentum and weight.
(5) After reading the article, please talk about your understanding of the question "What is memory".
A: From the perspective of memory, memory gives a general and vivid description of various social phenomena and people's conduct, and expresses praise for truth, goodness and beauty and criticism of falsehood, ugliness and ugliness. Fundamentally speaking, the "memory" here is an objective measure to judge right and wrong in the hearts of the broad masses of the people.
Summary: this article is scattered and gathered. On the surface, it seems scattered, but in fact it always revolves around the topic of "memory", which is exactly the basis for the author to express his thoughts and feelings. What the author really wants to express is to praise justice and noble sentiments and criticize evil forces and despicable behavior, but this writing intention is hidden. In thinking, there is no "straight-line" straightforward writing, but a curved writing to express thoughts and feelings in a roundabout way. The author takes this as the center, writes freely, and strives for a lively form. In short, the article is open in form, but the center of expression is very concentrated, and the opening and ending are well unified.
(B) learning "threshold"
1. Introduction by the author
Turgenev (18 18- 1883) was a famous Russian critical realism writer in the19th century. His first influential work was The Hunter's Notes. Since 1950s, he has written novels such as Luo Ting, Aristocratic House, Eve, Father and Son, Smoke and Virgin Land (art epic).
2. Background introduction
Threshold is one of the works with high ideological level in the author's later years. The author has had contact with female revolutionaries. 1878 65438+ 10, a female revolutionary assassinated the governor of Petersburg, Russia. At the same time, Turgenev was influenced by the activities of Biloff Skaya, a female revolutionary, and was infected by the dumb dedication of his girlfriend Frevska, and admired those heroes who sacrificed everything for the cause of Russian liberation. Therefore, they are all "Russian girls", eulogizing the outstanding elements in Russian social reality through illusory dreams, and exerting their efforts to show their lofty beliefs and selfless and fearless dedication.
Learn the text
(1) Find out the sentences that describe the environment. What kind of environment is this? What is the symbolic significance of such an environmental description? What role does it play in expressing the heroine's image?
Tip: Find the relevant sentences and think about the role of environmental description in combination with the background.
A: Find out the relevant environmental description sentence, "A building. A narrow door opens in front. The door is gloomy and dark. " "There is an impenetrable chill in the darkness. With the chill, a slow but not loud voice comes from the depths of the building." This gloomy and horrible environment symbolizes the harsh social environment and severe revolutionary situation in Russia at that time. "Architecture" symbolizes the great and magnificent revolutionary cause; The "threshold" symbolizes the dividing line between participation in the revolution and non-participation, progress and backwardness, and can also symbolize all the difficulties and obstacles faced by revolutionaries.
This gloomy, cold and harsh environment is the background color of the characters.
(2) Evaluate the heroine's personality characteristics with sentences described in language, what excellent qualities does the hostess have, and what thoughts and feelings does the author place on her?
A: There are three kinds of language descriptions in the article: one is to ask questions, to state all sufferings in a slow, not loud voice, cold tone and long sentences, to show the difficulties of the just cause and to set off the heroine's strong character; The other is an answer, short, resolute, bold and powerful, which directly shows the strong quality of the heroine; The last category is comments. "Madman" and "saint" are completely opposite, which shows the greatness of the heroine's character and implies the tragedy caused by this character not being widely understood.
In shaping the image of the heroine, the author gives sincere praise and praise to the heroine.
(3) Try to find out the relevant sentences and answer the following questions.
A. Why does a person become "alienated and completely lonely" after joining the revolution?
Tip: Contact Lu Xun for medical understanding.
A: This just reflects the shortcomings of revolutionaries' being divorced from the masses, ignoring the strength of the masses, lacking the guiding ideology of progress and the people's insensitivity at that time.
B. Why do you say, "Are you ready for nameless sacrifice? You will die-no one ... even no one will know who he respects and misses ... "?
A: Sacrifice without reputation is the simplest, noblest and greatest sacrifice, which shows the revolutionary's lofty and selfless spiritual realm.
C. How to understand the questioner's last question "Do you know? In the future, you will no longer believe in your current beliefs, and you will think that you have been cheated and ruined your young life in vain? "
A: Yes means possible, not sure. This is a hypothetical question. On the one hand, there are losers who give up halfway in the revolution. On the other hand, the voice inside the door asked her to test her understanding and mental preparation for the revolution from the heart again.
D. what do the last two sentences in chapter 2 mean?
A: The man who was hiding far behind and "gnashing his teeth and cursing" was the representative of a group of philistines in society at that time. Praise for the "sage of thought" symbolizes the people's reverence for revolutionaries, and sings the strongest praise to these brave and selfless revolutionaries on behalf of the whole society and history.
(4) About symbols
Symbol means to express some abstract thoughts and feelings by depicting a concrete image. The artistic effect of symbol lies in that it can give hints to the symbolized object, guide readers' imagination and association, and make the summarized content appear implicit and profound.
Understand the symbolic meaning of the threshold and the girl in this article in combination with the background.
"threshold" symbolizes the rigor of the revolutionary journey;
"A girl" symbolizes a revolutionary warrior who is brave in dedication.
Tip: No matter what the writing background is, "threshold" can symbolize the dividing line between the two choices. The yardstick of contradictions in people's minds, whether to advance or retreat, to persist or to give up, all need people to make choices.