Wan Kun didn't starve to death, and the Confucian crown is often mistaken. The husband tried to listen quietly, and the bitch asked Chen.
Just yesterday's Youth Day, I saw the ambassador in advance. Reading has broken thousands of volumes, and writing is like a god.
Empower the enemy with materials and build a home with poetry. Li Yong seeks knowledge, and William Wang is willing to be a neighbor.
Boasting to be quite outstanding, Li Deng wants Jin Lu. To the monarch, Yao and Shun, and then make the customs pure.
This idea is actually suppressed, and the songs are not hidden. Riding a donkey for 30 years, traveling and eating jinghua spring.
At the door of the rich, dusk carries the dust of fat horses. There are broken cups and cold roast everywhere.
The Lord has seen the sign for a while, but he is eager to expand it. The green ghost has wings, but no vertical scales.
I am ashamed of my father-in-law, and I know his father-in-law is true. Every time I go to Bailian, I recite new beautiful sentences.
Stealing gong, it is difficult to be poor in Yuanxian. How can you not be satisfied? You're just wandering around
Today I want to go to the sea in the east and Qin in the west. I still pity Nanshan and look back at Weibin in Qing Dynasty.
I often plan to sign up for a dinner party, Minister Kuang Huaici. Bai Ou is not strong, but Wan can be tamed.
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Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei is the work of Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the author's own talent, life ambition and ambition, pours out the embarrassing situation of frustrated official career and poor life, and attacks the dark social and political reality at that time. The whole poem is an important poem of Du Fu's autobiographical life.
To annotate ...
10,000: refers to rich children. Don't starve to death: without learning and skills, there is no fear of hunger. Confucianists often make mistakes: Confucian scholars who are full of economy are all poor. This sentence is the outline of the whole poem. "Qian Xi Shi Yan" says: "This article is also intentional."
⑵ Father-in-law: a title of respect for elders. This refers to Wei Ji. Cheap son: young and humble people claim to be. Here is Du Fu's statement. Please, it means please allow me. Chen Ju: Explain in detail.
(3) The word "just passed" means that Du Fu took the Jinshi examination in Luoyang in 735 (the 23rd year of Kaiyuan) with the qualification of rural tribute (selected by counties). Du Fu was only twenty-four years old at that time, and he was already a state guest of "the light of viewing the country" (visiting the capital of Wang), so he "charged early". Guo Guanbin is from Zhouyi Guan Gua Xiang Ci: "Guo Guan's light still respects guests"
(4) Breaking ten thousand volumes: Describe how many books you have read. If there is a God: describe quickly, and write with the help of God.
5] Yang Xiong: Zi Ziyun, a poet in the Western Han Dynasty. C: Almost. Enemy: matches. Zi Jian: Cao Zhi, the son of Cao Cao, was a famous writer in Jian 'an period. Look: contrast. In favor of: approaching
[6] Li Yong: A writer and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, who was a magistrate of Beihai County. When Du Fu was a teenager in Luoyang, Li Yong was very talented and took the initiative to get to know him. William Wang: A famous poet at that time and the author of Liangzhou Ci.
(7) outstanding: outstanding. Lipton wants Luzin: I will get an important position soon.
The legendary ancient sage Yao Shun. These two sentences say that if they are reused, they can help the emperor achieve more achievements than Yao Shun and restore the corrupt social atmosphere to the simplicity of ancient times. This was the highest political ideal of general Confucianism at that time.
I didn't expect my political ambition to fail. Although I also write some poems, I am not a hermit who escapes from reality.
⑽ Riding a donkey: Compared with riding a horse by dignitaries. Thirteen years: It is exactly thirteen years from 735 AD (the 23rd year of Kaiyuan) when Du Fu took the Jinshi Examination to 747 AD (the 6th year of Tianbao). Travel food: send food. Jinghua: Shi Jing refers to Chang 'an.
⑾ Lord: refers to Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Qing: Not long ago. See the sign: called up. Ran Yan: Suddenly. Desire and extension: I hope to show my talent and realize my desire to be a gentleman.
⑿ The green ghost hangs its wings: the bird folds its wings and falls from the sky. Step: a difficult appearance in marching. No vertical scales: this means that fish can't swim long distances. This means that the ideal cannot be realized. The facts mentioned in the above four sentences are as follows: In 747 AD (Tianbao six years), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent a letter inviting capable people to Beijing to take the exam, and Du Fu also took part. Li, the prime minister, was jealous of talents and defeated all the candidates. He even said that "there is no sage in the wild." This was a heavy blow to Du Fu, who was eager to display his ambition at that time.
[13] The phrase "every time" means that you often recite beautiful sentences in my new poems in front of officials and highly recommend them.
[14] Gong Gong: Gong Yu of the Western Han Dynasty. He is a friend of Ji Wang, and Ji Wang is a famous rich man. He is very happy to celebrate with each other, because he knows that he will also rise. Du Fu said that he compared himself to Gong Yu and hoped that Wei Ji would recommend himself. Unbearable: unbearable. Yuanxian; Confucius' students are notoriously poor.
⒂ 怏: Anger, unfair. Tickle: The way you get in and out.
⒃ eastward into the sea: refers to seclusion. Confucius once said, "If the Tao fails, you can float on the sea by fork." (The Analects of Confucius) Going to Qin: Leaving Chang 'an.
⒄ Reward a meal: repay the kindness of a meal. Returning Zhao to Zhao in the Spring and Autumn Period (see Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years) and Han Xin to Pumu in the Han Dynasty (see Historical Records and Biography of Huaiyin Hou) are all famous stories of gratitude in history. Resignation Minister: refers to bidding farewell to Wei Ji. These two sentences explain the reason for giving poems.
⒅ Bai Ou: Poet's self-comparison. Omnipotent: plunge into the mighty smoke. Who can tame: Who can restrain me?
translate
The children of rich families will not starve to death, and poor scholars will probably delay themselves. Master Wei, you can listen quietly. I will tell you my past. When I was a teenager, I was a guest in Wang's capital for a long time. I have read thousands of books and written thousands of articles, and my writing seems to be very agile. My ci is comparable to that of Yang Xiong, and my poetry is similar to that of Cao Zhi. Li Yong is looking for an opportunity to meet me, and William Wang is willing to be my close neighbor. A person who thinks he is super outstanding is sure to hold an important position soon. Assisting the king made him superior to Yao and Shun, and made the social fashion simple. All my ambitions in this life have failed, and I sang a song sadly. This is definitely not what I want to swim and retire. I have been riding a donkey for thirteen years and spent many Spring Festival in Chang 'an. Knock on the rich man's door in the morning and follow the fat horse with dust at night. Eating other people's leftovers makes people secretly feel hard everywhere. Soon he was called up by the emperor and suddenly felt that his ambition could be extended. But I'm like a bird falling from the sky, and I'm like a carp that can't jump over the dragon gate. I am ashamed of your generosity to me, and I know you are sincere to me. Recommend my poems to baiguan, recite beautiful sentences and praise the fresh style of writing. I want to follow Gong Yu's example and let others promote me, but I can't stand being as poor as Yuan Xian. How can I let my heart be so depressed and angry that I always hang out with each other? I want to go east into the sea, and I want to leave the ancient Western Qin Dynasty. I miss the majestic Mount Zhongnan and look back at the clear Weihe River. I want to repay your "kindness of a meal" and bid farewell to many ministers who care about me. Let me appear in the vast smoke like Bai Ou, floating thousands of miles away. Who can catch me?
Distinguish and appreciate
Among the poems written by Du Fu who was trapped in Chang 'an for ten years, this one is the best. This kind of social poetry has an obvious attempt to get quick success and instant benefit. Ordinary people write to please each other, or deliberately belittle themselves, which is easy to show the shabby appearance of flattery and begging for mercy. In this poem, Du Fu can be modest, can express his feelings directly, and can spit out long-standing grievances against feudal rulers for suppressing talents. This is what makes him different.
The poet mainly uses contrast and twists and turns to express his repressed feelings in his chest, which is really touching. This poem should be said to be the first one that embodies the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems.
There are two kinds of contrast in poetry: one is to compare others with oneself; One is to compare the past with the present. Let's talk about comparing others with ourselves. At the beginning, "Wan Kun didn't starve to death, but he was full of mistakes." Suddenly, the poet burst into a strong voice of injustice like a river that burst its banks, which was really overwhelming. In the era of poets, those playboys were ignorant and arrogant. Their spirit is empty, they are redundant people in the world, but they will not starve to death. However, most honest scholars Fu are ambitious and have been struggling on the verge of starvation, seeing that their career and prospects have been missed. These two poems, straight to the point, clearly reveal the main idea of the whole article and effectively summarize the dark reality of the inversion of the virtuous and the foolish in feudal society.
Judging from the description of the whole poem, the main purpose of writing "Wan Kun" and "Don't starve to death" is to highlight the "mistakes" of "the crown of Confucianism" and neglect others in order to rewrite themselves. Therefore, when the poet confided in Wei Jitan, he put aside "Wan Kun" and firmly grasped the different changes in his pursuit of "Confucian crown". He once again expressed his endless feelings of being proud of being young and being humiliated by mistakes by contrast. This second comparison, the poet fully used 24 sentences, which was really ups and downs and incisively and vividly. Twelve sentences, from "Yesterday's Youth Day" to "Let the custom be pure again", were written with pride and honor. The poet introduced his outstanding talents and lofty aspirations in his early years through narration and recollection. Young Du Fu has seen the world for a long time in Luoyang. He is knowledgeable and writes brilliantly. Self-cognition and Yang Xiong's Poetic Enemy, and the blind date in Cao Zhi's poems. It was love at first sight, and he won the appreciation of contemporary literary leader Li Yong and poet William Wang. With such outstanding talent, he naively believes that it is not easy to seek fame and career. By that time, we can realize the political ideal of "loyalty to the monarch and kindness". The poet writes with a pen, swaggering, full of ambition and arrogance. I write this, of course, to let Wei Ji know who he is, but more importantly, I should highlight my current humiliation. From "this meaning is really depressed" to "there is no vertical balance", writing in twelve sentences is insulting, which is in sharp contrast with the previous twelve sentences. Reality is cruel, "Yao Lujin" has long been occupied by "Wan Kun", and the contradiction between subjective desire and objective reality mercilessly mocks the poet. The poem describes the poet's travel career in the bustling capital: for many years, the poet often rode a thin donkey and ran around the bustling streets. Knocked on the door of a very rich family in the morning, suffering from the eyes of a dude; At night, I came back with the dust raised by the noble fat horse. For many years, I have been living in the cold cup of dignitaries. Not long ago, the poet took a special exam held by the imperial court. Unexpectedly, this exam turned out to be a big scam planned by the traitor Li. Under the evasive words of "wild wind", the poet waited for all the candidates to be defeated. This is a heavy blow to the poet, just like Dapeng, who just flew into the blue sky, lost his wings again, and also like a whale giant swimming in the ocean suddenly lost his freedom. The poet's mistakes, humiliation, pain and misfortune reached the peak.
This large section of comparative description, with hesitation, is like a person climbing the mountain step by step. At first, he was really full of spring scenery and be elated. He thought that he would fall from the peak, such as a stone falling from the mountain, plummeting, so that the second half was completely enveloped in an atmosphere of grief and consternation. The more a poet writes about his youth, the more he can set off the sadness in the Confucian crown, which is probably the painstaking use of contrast by the poet.
From "I'm ashamed to respect others" to the last chapter of the poem, the poet's gratitude to Wei Ji, his disappointment with expectations, and his contradictory and complicated mood of being determined to leave but reluctant to go. Such a rich and varied ideological content will inevitably require the poet to express it in another tortuous brushwork, in order to receive the artistic effect of "it is also deeply rooted in the hearts of the people." On the bumpy road of life, the poet can no longer bear the poverty of Confucius student Yuan Xian. He secretly pleased that Wei Ji became Zuo Cheng, just as Gong Yu in the Han Dynasty celebrated his friend Wang Ji's promotion. The poet very much hoped that Wei Ji could help himself more practically, but the reality proved that this hope was impossible. The poet can only force himself not to be so indignant, but when he is about to leave, he still lingers there. It is unwilling and necessary for poets to retire from mountains and rivers. He was so attached to the imperial city he hoped for, and Wei Ji, who had been "grateful for a meal", that he would never forget it. However, there is no way. Finally, I had to retire resolutely and wander in the waves of Wan Li like Bai Ou. In this passage, the poet wrote about his ambivalence of turning from hope to anger, wanting to go to grief and turning back step by step. It's full of twists and turns, coupled with the touching contrast in front, which fully embodies the artistic characteristics of Du Fu's song "Thinking deeply and singing great sorrow" (square).
"Bai Ou is not mighty, who can tame Wan Li!" From the structural arrangement, this ending is forced from a hundred turns to a thousand turns, just like a strange peak, and the stronger the final potential. Expressed the poet's noble sentiment, broad mind, strong character, from the page. As Pu Qilong pointed out, "a knot is high and never ends" (see reading). Dong also said in his article that ... his words are open-minded and arrogant, which shows that although the public is trapped, the heroes are handsome and colorful, and there are many frustrations. "(quoted from Qiu's" A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems ") The lofty sentiments of the poet in his youth will reverberate in the readers' hearts at the end of the song. After being tempered by the world, the poet did not yield to the harsh and unreasonable reality of feudal society, but showed an impact of spreading his wings in the blue sea, thus sublimating the ideological content of the whole poem to a new height.
This poem is straightforward, with many sentences in parallel, meaning a turning point, and anger and tragic spirit overflow between the lines. The whole poem not only successfully uses the brushwork of contrast and frustration, but also shows the tempering in plain language, which has profound implications. For example, "broken cups are roasted in cold, and there are hidden worries everywhere", which exhausts the indifference of the world and the spiritual trauma of the poet. A word "latent" expresses the ubiquitous sadness and bitterness, which can be described as plaintive, and it is many times more subtle and vivid than using an ordinary word "yes" or "you". The sentence pattern is characterized by the combination of parallel prose and prose, mainly prose, so it has both the beauty of neat contrast and the beauty of flying vertically and horizontally. Therefore, all this fully proves that the poet's skill is profound, and it also indicates that the poet's long works are becoming more and more mature. With the drastic changes of the times and the richness of life, it will surely shine brilliantly in medieval poetry.