1. Niang Asha: Niang Asha is a famous love narrative poem of Miao nationality. * * * 1200 lines. Mainly spread in southeastern Guizhou, it is known as one of the four treasures of Miao ancient songs (that is, Yunyin is the richest song, Mei Bang is the biggest song, Bang Bang is the oldest song and Niang Asha is the most beautiful song). It can be seen that Niang Asha has a lofty position among Miao people and has far-reaching influence.
"Niang Asha" is a transliteration of Miao language, which means Qingshui girl. The outline is: Asha's mother looks as pure and beautiful as well water after she was born in the well. Cherry blossoms, bees, thrush and so on all came to visit him, but mother Asha did not accept their love. Later, she listened to the sweet words of the dark clouds and married the sun. She was only married for three days, and the sun abandoned her to the East China Sea to be an old man and do business. Mother Asha lived alone for six years. In the painful life, she suffered from the torture of the moon and had deep feelings. Finally, she got married and fled the Sun family together. After the sun came back, the two sides asked the old judge that the moon lost its country and got the love of mother Asha.
The outstanding artistic achievement of Niang Asha lies in its anthropomorphic reflection of social life. It captures the sun, moon, dark clouds, water, fish, insects, birds and other natural phenomena and some characteristics of animals, and gives them various personalities and symbolic meanings. For example, the clear water symbolizes an innocent girl-mother Asha, the sun symbolizes a powerful, greedy and cruel exploiter, the moon symbolizes a hardworking and simple worker, the dark clouds symbolize a glib matchmaker, and cherry blossoms, bees and thrush symbolize a beautiful teenager. This metaphor is not only vivid and appropriate, but also meaningful and intriguing.
Long poems are also good at capturing the sudden changes in nature and the relationship between things, and making full and reasonable imagination, so that the works have magical colors and rich flavor of life.
2. "Ejiao Hou": "Ejiao Hou" is spread in Miao areas in southeastern Guizhou, and most of the collations are 1200 lines. This long poem reflects Gillian's process of breaking through the shackles of the traditional marriage system and finally gaining freedom of marriage.
Since ancient times, Miao marriage has followed the system of extra-ethnic marriage plus tertiary rights, and intra-ethnic marriage is prohibited. The eldest daughter must marry back to her uncle's house, and marriage often takes place in two fixed tribes. With the passage of time and the expansion of clans, the blood relationship within clans gradually alienated, while the blood relationship between clans gradually increased. In feudal society, if we still stick to the "old rules" and unconditionally prohibit intermarriage, it will not only lose the progressive significance of prohibiting intermarriage, but also bring artificial obstacles to Miao people scattered around the country, causing many "lovers" to regret not being able to "get married." It is in this historical and cultural background that the marriage contradiction between Jiao E and Jin Dan came into being. Therefore, their struggle for freedom of marriage is undoubtedly of positive significance for opposing the feudal marriage system.
Ejiao then is good at using contradictions and conflicts to unfold the plot and express the character. For example, Ejiao's love at that time was opposed and destroyed by Zhai Lao, Shu Jia, Fu Jia, Jiang Qian and others. The contradiction between the two sides has not been smooth, and round after round of struggle has been launched around the main contradiction of whether to get rid of old rules and bad habits, thus highlighting Ejiao's indomitable spirit of struggle with that time and deepening the social significance of the theme.
Long poems also skillfully use metaphors and symbols to express emotion, narrative and reason, and the language is expressive. For example, Jiang Qian called everyone to discuss the fault of Ejiao and then violating the ancient rules. The young man objected, "The tadpoles in the field are born by the same mother, and they turn around the grain pile. After a long time, they become a pair." The girls said, "The turtledoves on the mountain grow in the same nest and fly around in the Woods, pairing up for a long time." Everyone asked, "Ejiao is then raised by his biological parents. Why can't he travel?" Repeated metaphor, step by step, very convincing.
In addition, long poems are good at expressing the inner feelings of characters with delicate descriptions.
3. Sangmei and Xilang: Sangmei and Xilang spread in the Yao area of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, calling themselves "Golden Gate". The whole poem consists of 13 chapters and 1400 lines, including preface, sang mei, Shiro, visiting, making love, making love, quarreling, lovesickness, betraying marriage, leaving, getting married and ending.
Through the love experience of Sang Mei and Xilang, the long poem lashed out at the feudal thought of being too poor and loving the rich and the destruction of the feudal system on the love between young men and women, and praised the spirit of Sang Mei and Xilang in their struggle for freedom and happiness.
The artistic charm of this long poem is first manifested in its rich flavor of national life, and it uses metaphors closely related to the daily life of Yao people throughout. Many of the life or things described in the poem are unique to Yao area, such as abstinence (religious customs), tying bamboo needles, counting willow leaves, singing couplets, taking ginger, tea, cigarettes and money as dowry, etc., which are easy to understand, simple and beautiful, and give people a sense of intimacy.
Samexilang is a seven-character song style, and its language is famous for its simplicity. For example, the poem praised Sang Mei's eloquence: "See octagonal singing octagonal, see cantaloupe singing cantaloupe;" I saw tits singing tits, and I saw indigo singing indigo. "Poetry is colloquial and has a unique charm.
4. "Life and Money": "Life and Money" is a narrative poem based on the soul redemption song sung by a wizard, which is spread in Qibai Mountain Area of Du 'an Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi.
The expression of life shaped by long poems is the image of Yao Jiapu's working women. She is a model of diligence, wisdom, firmness and tenacity. Long poems are good at narration and lyricism, and express the theme with imagination and exaggeration.
Life and Money is an inspiring song with obvious superstition. Eliminate the dross and keep the essence, so that its anti-feudal ideological tendency can be sublimated into a theme with social educational significance.
To sum up, the anti-feudal theme runs through Long Tao, a national theme in the Central Plains and Southeast China. Narrative poems on love and marriage reveal the feudal marriage system through the contradictions and struggles of people of all ethnic groups on the issue of love and marriage, criticize the harm of customs to love and marriage, or criticize the hierarchical concept of "being suitable for the family" and love the rich too much, or praise the bold behavior of breaking through the shackles of feudal ethics, or affirm the determination to choose a spouse. In a word, these works have profound sociality and struggle. Similarly, some narrative poems that reflect the major themes of social or national struggles directly attack the tyranny of feudal dynasties and reflect the pain and misfortune of working people; Some clarify the inevitability of the decay and demise of feudal system by summarizing the rise and fall of feudal dynasties in previous dynasties; Some praise the people's indomitable struggle. They embody the mainstream of historical development and represent the voice of the people.