Du Mu
Nanling water is long, the wind is tight and the clouds are light, and autumn is about to turn.
It's a lonely place. Whose tea depends on the bottom of the river?
"Youyou" describes the calm water surface, long water flow and silence on the river. This scene not only shows that the boatman's mood is relatively calm and tolerant, but also reveals a trace of loneliness in the journey. I prepared for the third sentence "loneliness" and laid the groundwork.
The poet's feelings changed from loneliness to emotional excitement.
Just as the traveler was feeling excited and lonely, he suddenly saw a woman drinking black tea leaning against the railing of a building by the river. The pictures described in the three or four sentences are bright in color and full of painting, so we might as well appreciate them as a painting of Jiangnan water town customs. When the guests are lonely, they feel a little lonely and bored. Suddenly seeing such a wonderful picture is exciting, and the loneliness of the journey seems to have diluted a lot. This can be felt from the correspondence between "exactly" and "whose family" and the swaying tone.
moon
Du Fu
Wanli Qutang (1 month), six songs in spring (2).
There is always a dark room open, so it is full of blue sky.
Calm, excited and tearful.
There are blackbirds flying in the south, and they have been in the river for a long time.
The whole poem is inspired by the bright moon, and the same bright moon has entrusted lovesickness in both places. The long-lasting homesickness blended with the loneliness of the moonlit night, forming a sad and lonely atmosphere, expressing the poet's worries about the current political turmoil and difficult state affairs, as well as his thoughts about his relatives in his hometown. By describing a cold and quiet moonlight on a spring night, the author expresses his sad feelings of being displaced and living in turmoil because of the national disaster.
The word "Wan Li" highlights the vastness of space, shows the vast world shrouded in the faint moonlight, and reflects the smallness and loneliness of the individual poet.
The word "long night" emphasizes the length of time, describing the scene that the black magpie can only temporarily stay on the river after a long flight in the middle of the night, which implicitly shows the poet's difficult situation of running around for a long time and being exhausted physically and mentally.
The word "total" is written in overlapping words, and the moonlight shines into the darkroom from time to time, which is opposite to the old saying in the next sentence, making the language expression more rhythmic.
Yan's home is like chanting bamboo.
Don? Du Fu
The green bamboo is half hidden, and the new buds are out of the wall. The color invades the book late, and the shadow is cooler than the bottle.
The rain washes gently and the wind blows gently. But without cutting, I will meet the clouds.
Pay attention to face, that is, be sealed. Earth ridge, bamboo shell. Hey, Bao Shu's cloth cover.
Yueyang late sleeper
Ouyang Xiu
I smell the bells of Yueyang city, and I am rowing under the trees in Yueyang city.
Look at the bright moon in Jiang Lai, with boundless clouds and water.
In the middle of the night, Jiang Yue found Hui, and the water man song month returned;
I haven't heard the sound for a long time, and the canoe flies away.
(1) The third sentence states that the moon "Lai" hangs in the river, indicating that the author is on a trip with only the bright moon as the companion; The fifth sentence uses anthropomorphic method to present the picture of "when is the bright moon" in the quiet night, which is also the reason why the fisherman returns home. The sixth sentence wrote that moonlight led house boat to fly home singing songs, bringing out the author's homesickness. Just answer the meaning correctly.
(2) This poem expresses the author's homesickness. By listening to the bells, tying the boat under the tree, quietly enjoying Jiangyue, listening to songs, hearing the bells and water songs in the city, as well as the empty Jiangyue under the tree, people on the water, clouds, flying boats and other visual images. Every sentence is about scenery, and scenery is related to love.
"Secretariat of Hu Shu Mi Yun" (1)
Jiang kui ②
At the west corner of the bridge, the duckweed is green and marked on the bank pavilion.
Don't open the door if you live in Shihu, where there are many lotus flowers.
Appreciate these 28 words. It can be said that it cherishes ink like gold, which not only depicts an elegant and quiet picture of Shihu Lake, but also conveys a feeling that is difficult to express with a brush. It is conceivable that Jiang Kui visited Shihu by boat. "A bend in the west of the bridge leads to a village" is naturally a unique scenery of Jiangnan water town. At the same time, approaching from a distance shows the position of Fan Villa. The lake is misty and the trees on the shore are lush. What makes you recognize "Shuitong Village"? "There are traces of duckweed on the bank pavilion", and there are green traces on the bank where the lake meets the stream, which are duckweeds floating from the calm pond in the village. This is like Wuling fishermen finding peach blossoms floating on the water and finding the source of peach blossoms. What a profound place to say "there is a non-human world".
Sure enough, "Home is not in the Stone Lakers." This naturally means that Fan Chengda Villa is far from noisy, and it is also a tribute to Fan's character. Fan Chengda, with the talent of Gallery Temple, retired from the Jianghu. When he was in North Korea, he hoped to try his best to restore the Central Plains, but he could not get the trust of Xiaozong. So his suggestion was hit by personal regret, so he resigned and retired. He regarded wealth as a floating cloud, fearing that dust would pollute plain clothes again, so "home is out of reach of the Stone Lakers". This "person" should refer to those who follow the trend and resist the customs. Being able to achieve "no one has me" shows that integrity is clear and ambition is at the beginning. Therefore, he can enjoy retirement and indulge in natural beauty. "Lotus in many places is different from Tianmen". It is so elegant to open a portal in a place where lotus is in full bloom! In three or four sentences, writing about scenery means writing about people, their character, mind and taste.
Jun cheng Zao Qiu
Yanwu [note]
The bleak autumn wind was involved in the garrison last night; Looking around, I saw the bright moon in the west and Leng Yun rolling.
More anxious to fly after the arrogant Lu, not to send a horse back to the battlefield.
After appreciating the Anshi Rebellion, the invasion of Tubo became an important external cause that interfered with the Tang Empire. In October of the first year of Guangde (763), while Tang Jun was busy cleaning up the mess of An Shi Rebellion, the Tubo aristocratic armed forces invaded the east on a large scale, even breaking Jingming two states and occupying Chang 'an, Tang Dou for thirteen days. After the invasion was repelled by Tang Jun, it attacked the Tang Dynasty from the south road bordering Sichuan, and in the same year1February, it broke two new cities, namely Song, Uygur, Baozhou and Yunshan.
In the spring of Guangde's second year, Yanwu succeeded Gao Shi as a reporter of our newspaper again. He paid close attention to the training of the army as soon as he arrived. In the autumn of that year, more than 70,000 people were defeated in the elite department of Tubo, and Danggou and Yanchuan were recovered. This poem is a documentary of his breaking the Tubo invasion.
The first two sentences, "Last night, the autumn wind entered the Han Pass, and the new moon filled the western hills", cut to the chase and pointed out the time and place for the poet to enter the city. "Autumn wind last night" means that autumn has just arrived, closely following the word "early autumn" in the poem. The poet's meticulous observation accurately grasps the information of autumn arrival from the subtle changes of "wind", which shows that he pays close attention to the current situation and observes the enemy's movements in detail. For the nomadic people in the ancient frontier of China, the autumn is crisp and the horses are fat, and the autumn wind is the favorable season for them to invade the mainland. Therefore, the poet couldn't sleep at night when the autumn wind arrived in the military city last night. He boarded the tower in the moonlight, and he saw the "new moon", "moon" and Minshan as far as he could see. On the border night in early autumn, Leng Yue was overcast and Shan Ye was pale. The whole night scene is filled with heavy chill, giving people an invisible sense of oppression. The word "full" in the second sentence highlights the gloomy and solemn atmosphere before the war. In a word, the first two sentences are about scenery, but there are people and feelings in the scenery, which shows in detail the spiritual side of the Lord's careful observation of agile thinking in the silence on the eve of the battle.
The last two sentences of the poem, "I am more eager to fly and arrogant, and don't send a horse back to the battlefield", are the combat orders issued by the commander-in-chief and poet-men must make persistent efforts to pursue the enemy and annihilate them completely, and don't let the enemy escape back to the enemy camp alone! The words "more urging" and "not sending" are decisive and powerful, showing the Lord's decisive fortitude and confidence in winning, and are filled with the passionate patriotic enthusiasm of border guards to defend the country.
This poem boldly uses the brushwork of opening and closing to write scenery and express feelings, which increases the information capacity of the poem. The first sentence or two describes the scenery, but the scenery contains feelings, pointing out that the master has quickly and accurately grasped the enemy's situation, indicating that he had known himself and mastered the military initiative before the military action. Therefore, winning the battle is not a lie of reckless men. With such a solid thought as the foundation, the movement and lyricism of the three or four sentences are both smart and have an internal connecting link, which makes people feel natural, credible and heroic.
Tixi Xi spiced garden
Zhang Xian
The culvert with accumulated water is empty, and several doors on the shore are flat.
Duckweed breaks into the shadow of the mountain, and the boat smells grass.
When you enter the country and the monk is dust, people who cross the bridge seem to learn how to walk.
The temporary rain added autumn colors, and Mo Fang's reeding hindered the birth of the moon.
Appreciation of Meng Haoran's Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang: "The lake here in August is in harmony with the sky. Clouds and clouds are in the valley, and Yueyang City is also trapped. " The style of writing is heroic and magnificent, and the momentum is extraordinary. The first sentence of this poem comes from Meng Shi, but it is intended to write a quiet scene, which can form a harmonious whole with the whole article, which shows that it is good at learning from it. The first sentence not only points out that the sky is high and the clouds are light, but also writes about water, closely following the word "Xixi". Everything is so quiet, there is no sound, not even a breeze, so there are no ripples on the stream. Parallel prose is very detailed. The water is covered with duckweeds and nothing can be seen. The insects or fish at the bottom of the water fret, which makes duckweed blossom in an unobstructed view, reflecting the mountains. The grass on the shore is as quiet as a stream, but inadvertently, the rustling of insects can still be heard. These two sentences, written about what they have seen and heard, are extremely quiet in nature, but they show the omnipresence of life force. Taking care of the topic "Five Fragrant Sources" by the Neck Couplet, comparing the purity of Buddhist temples with Guo's, and expressing the selflessness of things and things in people's notes are further deepening the realm of poetry. At the end of the couplet, we responded that "the water is clear", fearing that the reeds would grow tall and affect the appreciation of the moon in the stream, which reminded us of the Zen canon of "a river is thousands of miles away, and a river is thousands of miles away". Writing Zen without Zen is the genius of this poem.
At that time, Zhang Xian had a nickname "Zhang Sanying", which meant that he wrote three famous sentences with "shadow" in his ci. Actually, there are more than three sentences. Such as "Fairy": "The sand birds drown, and the clouds break the moon." Introduction to Qingmen: "That can be seen by the bright moon and the partition wall." "Returning to the Imperial Palace": "Pleasant people are lazy, and the curtains are rolling." "Cut Peony": "There is no one in the willow path, and there is no shadow of falling floc." Magnolia: "The moonlight in the atrium is clear, and countless poplars have passed without a shadow." It should be said that the poem "Duckweed Broken Shadow" is equally wonderful. It seems that the author's pursuit of words and poems is the same.
Zhang Xian (990— 1078) was born in Ye Zi Wucheng (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Tiansheng eight years (1030) Jinshi. He has served as a judge in Suzhou, Wujiang and Jiahe (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang). In the second year of Emperor Yangdi (1050), Yan Shu learned the news of Yongxing Army (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) and became a general. Later, Yuan Wailang, who settled in other places, met Yuzhou and Zhou Guo. Anlu is known for its taste, so it is called Zhang Anlu. In the first year of Zhiping (1064), an official in Shangshu Capital was a doctor who died in the first year of Yuanfeng at the age of 89. Zhang Xian's "Poetry and Yuefu will last forever" (Shi Lin Shi Hua).
The contents of his ci mostly reflect the life of men and women of letters, as well as the life of urban society. Skilled in language.
He amused himself by climbing mountains and writing poems. Ci is as famous as Liu Yong. He is good at poetry and also makes slow words. His writing is subtle, skillful and full of emotion. The themes are mostly men's and women's love, lovesickness and parting, or reflect the leisure life of feudal literati. Some fresh and profound fine print, written with emotion. At the beginning of the word "Xing Xiangzi", there is the phrase "what you think, what you cry in your eyes, the right person", which is called "Zhang Sanzhong". Later, he cited three words that he was proud of all his life: clouds break the moon to make a shadow ("fairy"); "Like laziness, the curtain rolls" ("Return to the DPRK"); "Soft willows shake, light falls without shadow" ("Cut Peony"), known as "Zhang Sanying". There is a saying in "One Inflorescence" that "it is better to be a peach and apricot than to still marry Dongfeng", which vividly depicts the psychological activities of the dissatisfied wife in the boudoir. The monk commented that this word is especially "unreasonable and wonderful" in "Wrinkled Shuixuan Flower Thorn". Poetry is also famous in contemporary times.
His poems are implicit and positive, rich in images and concise in nature, which has a great influence on the history of graceful words in Song Dynasty, and is a hero who can not be ignored in the transition from poetry to slow words. Chen Tingzhuo, a poet in the late Qing Dynasty, said in purlin: "Zhang Ziye's Ci is a great turning point from ancient times to the present. This is Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu and Wen Wei. Although the festival is there, the melody is not open; After that, Liu Yong of Qin Guan, Xin Qiji of Su Shi and Jiang Kui of Zhou Bangyan made great efforts to manage the country, but their ancient ideas gradually lost? Ye Zi suits it. " (Bai Yuzhai's words). Wu Mei's evaluation cloud quoted in The General Theory of Ci Poetry? "Zi Ye and Yan Jie, the bureau of Europe, the comfortable opening of Su Qin in the Northern Song Dynasty, implicit? There are also places where hair has been worn. However, it is not as subtle as Wen and Wei, nor as loose as the oil willow. The scale is positive, the gas grid is also embankment, and other homes are far behind. " In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's ci was deeply influenced by it. In the comments on Ci Yong, it is mentioned at first: "(Ye Zi) is the pioneer of Jiang Baishi." Mr. Zhang likes wealth all his life, and has many stories. Yan, a good friend, gave a poem "The poet is old and Yingying is there, but the son is busy when he returns" as a portrayal of his life. It is said that Zhang Xian married an 18-year-old woman as a concubine when she was eight years old. On family pets, Su Shi once again wrote a poem to ridicule: "Eighteen brides and ten lang, white hair and red makeup. Fold quilts at night, and a pear tree presses Haitang. "
There is no biography in History of the Song Dynasty, and the book Wing of the History of the Song Dynasty contains its 26-year story. Author of Zhang Ziye Ci 180.
When my cousin Lu Lun came to spend the night,
Sikongshu
Quiet night is not adjacent, because the family is poor and lives in the wilderness. And the yellow leaves fall in the rain, just like the fate of the white-haired old man under the light.
Ashamed of being lonely for so long, you often come to comfort me with you. We are predestined poetry friends, not to mention you and my two cousins.
The appreciation of this poem is based on my cousin Lu Lun's home visit. The first sentence is the writer's sadness: old and lonely in the wilderness, without neighbors, lonely and helpless, living in poverty. The couplet "And the rain lights up the yellow leaves, and the light shines on my bald head" is lyrical, depicting the image of a white-haired old man down and out. The last two sentences are gratitude for my cousin's arrival. This is about "happiness", but there is still sadness in happiness. I am glad that my relatives came to visit me because I was demoted, and I was naturally overjoyed; But I still feel bitter and ashamed because I am in a bad situation and feel sorry for my loved ones. The language of the whole poem is simple, the tone is deep and sad, and it is true and touching.
Si Kongshu and Lu Lun are among the "Ten Talented People in Dali", and they are equal in poetry and are cousins. From this poem, especially the couplet "But you can't come often (friendship), not only brothers, but lifelong friends (yang hu is the grandson of Cai Yong, because he is called his cousin Cai Jiaqin)", we can see their close relationship and sincere friendship; And you can feel the sadness of the author's life situation. According to the Biography of Talented Persons in the Four Years of Tang Dynasty, Si Kongshu was "an upright and talented person", but because of his "sexual Geng Jie, he didn't want power", he ended up with a bumpy career and a poor family. This poem is a portrayal of the author's situation.
The first four sentences describe the deserted village in the quiet night, the poor people in the humble room, the yellow leaves in the cold rain and the white hair under the dim light, which constitute a complete picture of life. This painting is full of bitterness and sadness. The last four sentences directly reveal the theme of the poem. It is written that my cousin Lu Lun went to visit her relatives and friends sadly, so she was overjoyed. According to Yu Biyun, a close friend, the first half of this poem is about a person's sadness, and the second half is about the joy of meeting. Anyway, it is a poem. " Judging from the composition, it is true. The first half and the second half, a sadness and a happy, sad and happy sympathy, the general tendency is to unite in sadness. Although the last four sentences are written as "happiness", they vaguely reveal "sadness": a word "shame" in "Meet Me Late" shows a sad mood. Therefore, although the word "happiness" is written in the title, there is a taste of "sadness" behind it. One positive and one negative, mutual growth and mutual contrast make the theme to be expressed deeper and more prominent. This is the artistic effect of the technique of "opposition".
Bixing is also an important artistic technique of this poem. "Like raindrops brightening yellow leaves and lights shining on my bald head" is not a simple metaphor, but a further metaphor to set off the atmosphere, which is particularly poetic and has become a famous epigram. It is quite appropriate to use the fallen leaves of trees as a metaphor for human aging. Leaves are falling in the autumn wind, similar to people getting old, and similarities are fading. Here, trees, as the scenery in the environment, play a role in setting off the atmosphere, similar to fun. Since Song Yu's Nine Arguments put forward that "sorrow is the spirit of autumn, and the vegetation is bleak and decaying", autumn leaves are often used to create a sad atmosphere, and "yellow leaves" naturally set off a sad mood. Bixing is dual-purpose, so it is particularly artistic. In Xie Zhen's Four-character Poem in the Ming Dynasty, there is a saying: Wei Suzhou said: The man in the window will be old, and the tree in front of the door will be autumn. Bai Letian said, "When trees become Huang Shi, people want to get old." . Si Kongshu said: The rain hits the yellow leaves, and the lights shine on the white heads. Three poems are on the same plane, and none of them is superior: the present scene is good, the sadness is infinite, and the words can be seen. In fact, the beauty of the three poems is not only good at describing scenery, but also good at metaphor. The reason why Sikong Shu's poetry couplet is superior is that it has two meanings: rain scene and twilight, which are more than Wei and Bai Juyi's poems. Although there is no "contrast" between these two meanings, it greatly strengthens the sad atmosphere. The beauty of "Singin' in the Rain" and "Music under the Lamp" lies in the use of the artistic technique of harmony and comparison.
model
Bai Juyi
In the early morning light, the room was bright, and the early ya drum began to beat.
The dog slept on the steps until the earth got wet, and the birds buzzed around the window as if reporting the weather.
I drank a lot yesterday, and I was top-heavy this morning. I just took off my winter clothes and let my body relax immediately.
Sleeping (1) has an empty mind, and my dreams in my hometown have not come true recently.
Analyze and appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works. Grasp the content of the work, pay attention to the connotation and expression of traditional culture, and fully understand and deeply comprehend it from the perspective of historical development.
Appreciate this poem written in the early spring of the second year of Hangzhou in the third year of Changqing (823). Hangzhou was originally the place where he decided to be an official when he was a child. Now that his old dream has come true, he is naturally happy. This poem reflects the poet's inner joy and excitement when the first spring in Hangzhou is coming.
Judging from the structure of the poem, the first four sentences are what the poet saw and heard in the morning, and the last four sentences are to express the poet's feelings about the weather in early spring. Perhaps because of the poet's unique sensitivity to spring, he woke up early in the morning. At this time, it was early in the morning, the house was brightly lit, and the early drums were starting to ring; Probably because the weather is getting warmer and the earth is wet, the sleepy puppy on the steps also wags its tail and gets up lazily; And lively birds will never let go of this lovely time. They chirp in front of the window, as if to report the arrival of beautiful weather and urge people to get up early. These four sentences are vividly described by the morning light, drums and two animals, dogs and birds, which are extremely sensitive to spring. While closely following the theme of "early", it also vaguely reveals the breath of spring.
The second half of the poem shows the poet's relaxed and happy feeling in such an environment with an increasingly rich spring atmosphere. "Half the wine sold is still heavy" means that I drank a lot yesterday. On a spring night, it is a great pleasure in life to be accompanied by fine wine, so that the poet forgot to drink as much as he could, and got as drunk as a fiddler, and still felt top-heavy when he got up the next morning. "New winter clothes" means that it is early spring, and taking off winter clothes will make people look brand-new and relax, so there is a saying of "being light and light". "The body is light first" and "the head is heavy". It is uncertain when there is a top-heavy feeling before the wine is finished. This is not only the real feeling of the body when the wine is not finished, but also the beautiful spring scenery intoxicated the poet. As the saying goes, wine does not make people drunk. In this state, he forgot all his troubles and worries, so that he "slept empty, his thoughts were exhausted, and he didn't have many dreams of his hometown recently." These two sentences take care of poetry. Writing at night makes people feel sad because they have no dreams of their hometown. After waking up, they feel empty and bright. It implies that the poet's body and mind have been completely infected by the breath of spring, and he has ushered in a bright spring.
Whether writing about natural scenery or writing about one's own life and mentality, the whole article is understated and full of interest. The rhythm is also smooth and cheerful, and the poet's love for spring and life is injected between the lines.
I found these for you. That should be enough ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~