Li Qingzhao
1. The pain of national destruction.
1 127 The change of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. 1 129, her husband Zhao Mingcheng died of a sudden illness. One cannot live without love. A flower-like woman can't live without love, and so can an emotional poetess. Just as her art tree thrived under the juice of love, God ruthlessly cut off her love. Li Qingzhao was loved as soon as she knew love. What's more, how can her poems not be tragic? !
There are three great tribulations in the afterlife.
1. The first big tribulation is remarriage and divorce, and the pain of emotional life.
After Zhao Mingcheng's death, Li Qingzhao had no fixed place and was physically and mentally haggard. She soon married a man named Zhang Ruzhou. There are different opinions about why Li Qingzhao remarried, but the hardship of living alone is probably the main reason. This Zhang Ruzhou, who was also a polite gentleman at the first contact, took good care of her after marriage, but soon showed his true colors. It turned out that he wanted to possess the cultural relics left by Li Qingzhao. These things are all taken by Li. Moreover, The Story of the Stone has not yet been compiled into a book, so it is certainly impossible to be lost. In Zhang's view, since you are married to me, your body and everything you have will be dominated by me. What do you have to pursue independently? At first, they had conflicts in the control of cultural relics, and gradually found that their ambitions and interests were quite different. That's weird, strange bedfellows. Zhang Ruzhou was proud of having such a beautiful woman, and then she became angry because she could not capture her heart and control her behavior. Finally, he completely tore off the veil of the literati and punched and kicked him. Li Qingzhao was really angry when she looked at this small white face in front of the Han account and under the red candle. It used to be difficult for the sea to touch water. Keep a noble heart and don't bow your head. Li Qingzhao regards personality as more important than life, so she decided to break up with him. But in feudal society, it was difficult for women to get divorced. In desperation, Li Qingzhao embarked on a blind alley, larger foe, denouncing Zhang Ruzhou's crime of deceiving you.
It turned out that Zhang Ruzhou was very proud after marrying Li Qingzhao, so he boasted about cheating in the imperial examination. Of course, this is all wet. Li Qingzhao knows that only by suing Zhang Ruzhou for a crime can she get out of this trap. But according to the law of the Song Dynasty, a woman who sues her husband, whether right or wrong, wins or loses, will go to jail for two years. Li Qingzhao is a person who will never make do with her love life. She would rather suffer the pain of flesh and blood than be influenced by spirit. She showed ruthless contempt and deep regret. In a letter to a friend, she said, "The night scene in Sang Yu is a good match." What a strong-willed person she is, she would rather go to jail than be with a "shy" person. As a result of this lawsuit, Zhang Ruzhou was sent to Liuzhou and Li Qingzhao was also imprisoned. His resolute and serene attitude is no less than when Xiang Yu led his neck to the sword. Perhaps Li Qingzhao's fame was too great, and many people paid attention to it at that time. Coupled with the help of North Korean friends, Li was released after only nine days in prison. But it left a heavy scar in her heart.
Today, the separation of men and women is legal and reasonable, but in the Song Dynasty, a woman, especially a scholar, remarried and divorced, which would cause great discrimination from public opinion. At that time and later, many historical books that recorded Li Qingzhao's talent, while affirming her, were recorded as "no end to festivals", "no exercise" and "no return to festivals". What is a festival, that is, women have to follow it for good or bad. Just don't allow you to pursue your personality. It can be seen that our poetess was under great psychological pressure. But she's not afraid. She insists on independent personality and high-quality love. She cut the gordian knot in two months, got rid of Zhang Ruzhou's "embarrassment" burden, and devoted herself to the compilation of Jin Shilu. Now we can't understand this historical material.
Life is only once for a person, so how many times does love have for a person? Perhaps the most beautiful and worrying thing is only once. Love is an extremely dangerous experiment in the boat of life, an experiment that gambles youth, talent, time and career. Only a few people succeeded the first time. Like the lucky ones who won the lottery, I am secretly glad of my luck and call it "fate". At the same time, she looks at the failure or semi-failure of other beings with sympathy and compassion. Li Qingzhao originally belongs to this type, but if God wants to become famous, he must first seize his feelings and suffer his heart. So he kicked her out of this happy family, first let Zhao Mingcheng leave her, and then sent a Zhang Ruzhou to test her mind. She sailed a lonely boat of life and crossed the rubicon against the secular waves. There are many more beautiful people, such as Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun. Li Qingzhao is also ready to climb the peak of love again, but unfortunately she didn't climb this mountain ridge. This is a tragedy. The spark of love in a woman's heart goes out forever. How can this not make her depressed and let her not worry?
2. Li Qingzhao's second biggest ordeal is physical and mental displacement and fleeing everywhere.
11In August of 29, her husband Zhao Mingcheng just died, and in September, Nomads from the army committed crimes in the south. Li Qingzhao began to flee with heavy books and cultural relics. She basically took the route that the emperor fled, and the monarch was the representative of the country. But the poor and hateful emperor Zhao Gou didn't realize this. He represents not the country, but his life. He fled from Jiankang and passed through Yuezhou. Li Qingzhao, an orphan girl, drifted all the way to Wenzhou across the ocean, eagerly pursuing the direction of the monarch's departure, hiring a boat for help, visiting relatives and friends, and taking Zhao Mingcheng's books and cultural relics with her all her life. Zhao Mingcheng has been entrusted with her life, and these cultural relics can't be lost without putting down her life. The Story of the Stone has not been published yet, which is the spiritual sustenance of her life. She also has an idea that these cultural relics are there. She hoped to catch up with the court, but never with the emperor. She wandered to Quzhou +0 1 in June of that year and went to Yuezhou in March of the following year. During this period, she left more than 2,000 books in Hongzhou, and more than 2,000 volumes of gold rubbings were burned and plundered by nomadic people invading south China. When she went to Yuezhou, five boxes of cultural relics with her were stolen by thieves who walked through the wall. 000000000505 The emperor saw too many people running away behind him, and simply ordered his dismissal. Li Qingzhao was even more disappointed when she watched the Dragon Flag Dragon Boat disappear into the vast sea. According to the concept of feudal society, the country's territory, monarch and people. Today, the country is occupied by others, the monarch makes people flee, and people are displaced everywhere. The country is no longer a country, and the king is no longer a king. How can she be a king of national subjugation who has nowhere to stand? Li Qingzhao's body and mind are suffering in the oil pan of history.
About when she took refuge in Wenzhou, she wrote this song "Adding Words and Picking Mulberry Seeds":
Who planted banana trees in front of the window? Yin fills the heart. Yin fills the heart, Ye Er relaxed and affectionate. It rained on the sad pillow at night, bit by bit. I'm afraid northerners are not used to listening.
What kind of people are northerners? Li Qingzhao is one of the drifters and the lost country. In the history of China, foreign invasions were mostly from north to south, so the flight of "northerners" became a historical and literary phenomenon. Worried about hurting northerners, they are not used to listening. What did we hear? I heard Zu Ti's cry of hitting the water in the middle stream, Lu You's sigh that "the adherents shed tears and looked south at Julian Waghann for another year", Xin Qiji's helplessness of "looking back, there is a crow club drum under the beaver temple", and I heard the sad song that "home is on the Songhua River".
1 134, the Jin people invaded the south again and abandoned the capital and fled. Li Qingzhao's second exile in Jinhua. The national fortune is difficult and she is worried. Inviting her to visit the nearby Shuangxi Scenic Area, she sighed and was not interested in traveling.
I'm tired of combing my hair at night. Things are impossible for people. I want to cry first. I heard that Shuangxi spring is still good, and I plan to go boating. I'm afraid the double happiness can't be carried, and I'll be worried. Spring in Wuling
Li Qingzhao lived in exile without a fixed place, the country was fragmented, and things were different everywhere. This kind of worry can't be carried by a boat. This reminds us of Du Fu's poem "The petals flow like tears, and the lonely bird mourns" in his escape. Li Qingzhao's troubles at this time are no longer the family troubles and emotional troubles of "one kind of lovesickness and two places of leisure". Now the country is ruined, it's really an old worry, and it's hard to find it if you want to find it.
Li Qingzhao abides by the old adage that "poetry expresses ambition, but songs never speak". What she sings in her poems is mainly an emotion, but what she directly expresses in her poems is her mind, ambition and likes and dislikes. Because her name is exaggerated, most people only see her sad side. If we read her poems, we can better understand the anguish, struggle and pursuit behind her words and know what she is worried about.
1 133, Emperor Gaozong suddenly remembered to send people to visit Huidi and Qin Shihuang all over the country to see if there was any possibility of peace. But when he heard that he was going to enter the realm of tigers and wolves, no one dared to take his orders for a while. Minister Han Xiaoyou volunteered to take a risk. Li Qingzhao was excited about state affairs day and night, and his sadness suddenly turned into hope and pride. My father's ancestors were all Han Gong's, and my son's surname was poor, so he didn't dare to look at the dust of the public car. I am poor and ill, but my god is not weak. Seeing this big list, I can't talk nonsense. I'll just write a chapter about my body and poems for you. It's just a message. "At that time, she was poor and ill, physically and mentally haggard, single and widowed, but still so concerned about state affairs. Needless to say, she has no position in North Korea. Eulogize loudly-Zhou's move is awe-inspiring: "I once gave orders from heaven and earth, and I am willing to take Huanglong City directly with the imperial edict of purple mud in the majesty of the ancestral temple." "Type has been Hann warming, it is difficult to leave the song dynasty. As a folk widow, she wanted to give some parting words: "I am like a married woman, and I dedicated my blood to a dry archives."
There is a famous building named after Shen Yue's "Eight Poems" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in Jinhua, Zhejiang. Li took refuge here, boarded the balcony and looked at the remaining half of the country. He couldn't help but feel a breeze:
The Eight Wings Building is a romantic affair through the ages, and the mountains and rivers are left to future generations to worry about. The water runs three thousand miles south, and fourteen states of the Yangtze River are under pressure.
We only look at the momentum of this poem, which was not written by a wandering woman. It looks like a general who is in urgent need of recovering lost territory, or a courtier who is worried about the country's injury. That year, I went to Jinhua to pay tribute to this building. Over time, this building has been squeezed into a deep alley by later houses, but it also stands out from the crowd and its character is not reduced. An old man who looks at the building is also a fan of Li Qingzhao. He told me several stories about Li Qingzhao. I took out a few pages of newly collected handwritten Li Ci for me. I looked up at the dangerous building and looked down at the alley. I was deeply impressed by the poet's lingering spirit. During her refuge in Jinhua, Li Qingzhao also wrote a poem "The Ode to Motor". "Motor" was originally a gambling game at that time, but Li used this topic to play. In the article, he quoted a large number of allusions of famous ministers and generals in history, and described the scene of Kingoma Railway and deploying troops to fight the battlefield.
"Mulan is a good girl. She is old and has no ambition. I hope to cross the Huaihe River! "
From these poems, we can see that she is really "humble and afraid to forget about her country" and how much she cares about her country and people. "I wish I could cross the Huaihe River" reminds us of Zu Ti smelling chickens dancing and Zong Ze, a famous anti-Jin Dachen in the Northern Song Dynasty, who was still sitting and shouting before he died: Cross the river! This is the cry of a poetess and a "married woman"! This is quite different from her early carefree sadness. How much political anxiety and national pain have been added to this sorrow.
Later generations often judge Li Qingzhao by melancholy, but they don't know that in her heart, she always braved the spark of struggle and shouted for her ideals. She is worried because she can't see the way out! She won't do anything against her will. She is related to Qin Gui, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, and Qin Gui's wife is her second uncle's daughter and cousin. However, Li Qingzhao has nothing to do with them. Even in the most difficult time of her marriage, she would rather seek distant relatives than go to the Qin family's door. When the Qin government was established, she refused to attend the grand banquet. She is not satisfied with her "learning poetry with amazing sentences" and "wanting to be". This is the false prosperity of the capital of Xian, the strange thing that the court cracked down on people with lofty ideals and persecuted people with lofty ideals, and the cry of blood and tears of leading soldiers and national righteous people. In 2008+0 14 1 year, when Li Qingzhao was 58 years old, Yue Fei was imprisoned and killed by Qin Gui. This case shocked the capital and the whole country. Dark clouds enveloped the city and made her sad.
Li Qingzhao's third ordeal is loneliness beyond time and space.
The pain of emotional life and anxiety about the country and the nation pushed her into the deep sea of suffering. She is like a lonely boat, swaying helplessly in the wind and waves. But if there are only these two points, it is not the most painful, lonely and cold. Those who have divorced in life are inevitable from time to time. Loyal ministers are abandoned from generation to generation. What's more, she is a weak woman born in troubled times? The problem is that it is so difficult for her to realize the value of an ordinary person besides suffering from national tragedy and emotional sorrow. In her later years, Li Qingzhao had no children, guarding a lonely small courtyard and no relatives around her. It's hard to ask about state affairs, and she's afraid to mention family matters. Only the autumn wind sweeps the yellow leaves in front of the door, and occasionally one or two old friends visit. She has a friend named Sun. Her little daughter is ten years old and very smart. I am old and willing to teach me what I have learned all my life. I don't want the child to blurt out, "It's none of women's business." Li Qingzhao couldn't help but gasp. She felt dizzy, holding the door frame, and barely fell down. The child's words are far from the truth. It turns out that a talented woman in this society is really redundant. However, she has always wanted to care about state affairs and write books and preach. Her collection of cultural relics is full of sweat. In the end, she ended up with nowhere to serve her country, nothing to worry about, nothing to learn, and others thought she was strange. Li Qingzhao felt that she was falling into an abyss that was irrelevant in all directions, and a terrible sense of loneliness came to her. No one in this world can read her mind. Like Sister Xianglin, she walked blankly among the fallen leaves and yellow flowers in late autumn in Hangzhou and sang this song "Sound", which condensed her life and pain and established her position in the history of China literature.
Looking around, very lonely and painful. It's the hardest to stop when it's warm and cold at first. Three cups and two glasses of wine can't compete with it, but it's too late and the wind is too fast. The geese are sad, but they know each other for a long time. Yellow flowers are piled all over the floor, haggard and damaged. Who can choose them now? How can they be alone when they are guarding the window? Indus is drizzling, at dusk, bit by bit.
Yes, her worries about the country, her family, her feelings and her studies are really a word!
What is Li Qingzhao looking for? From her life experience and poetry articles, we can at least see that she is looking for three things. First, the future of the country and the nation. She doesn't want to see the mountains and rivers broken, she doesn't want to "drift away from people" and she doesn't want to send her blood and tears to the mountains and rivers. In this respect, she has something in common with Yue Fei, Lu You and later Xin Qiji. But as a woman, she can neither gallop the battlefield like Yue Fei nor be like Xin Qiji. Even Lu and Xin have no friends in the political and literary circles who can play the railing. She didn't even have a chance to associate with them, but she was alone. Second, she is looking for a happy love. She has a happy family and a happy love, but it soon broke up. She also had a dream of finding happiness again, but to make matters worse, even she was put in chains and imprisoned. She's just one person. Third, she seeks her own value. With extraordinary talent and diligence, and with the help of love, she completed the masterpiece Jin Shilu academically, and reached an unprecedented height in the art of ci poetry. However, that society was not unexpected and did not think it was successful. Even the 10-year-old girl said that "talent is not a woman's business", and even Lu You later wrote an epitaph for this woman named Sun, which also felt that this statement was well said. She had to chew her desolation alone, and there was only one kind of sadness.
Li Qingzhao studies epigraphy and cultural history. Of course, she knew that from the Song Dynasty, Liao Ruochen was a talented woman with works and was the only one with superb ci skills. It is said that things are rare, but she is regarded as heterogeneous, rebellious and redundant. She looked around for two thousand years, and the night was like a rock, and the wind and rain were gloomy. Who knows each other? Lu Xun wrote a poem for the singer: "The lanterns shine on the banquet, the charming girls serve jade statues, and the makeup is neat." I suddenly remembered my feelings and looked at my socks to cover my tears. " Li Qingzhao is a singer enslaved by feudal society. She used to serve this society with strict make-up and beauty, but suddenly it occurred to her that all her pursuits had been lost and her song had not been realized in the capital. She felt sad and had to "pretend".
The tragedy of Li Qingzhao is that she was born in feudal times. As a woman, she was at the bottom of feudal society, and as an intellectual, she was at the commanding height of social thought. She saw many things that others couldn't see, and pursued the realm that many people didn't pursue. It was inevitable that there would be loneliness and sadness. It turns out that in the feudal society of 3,000 years, how many people came and went and lived with peace of mind. Look at that. Although Lu You, a contemporary of Li Qingzhao, shouted angrily that "officials and officials have arranged for Zong Ze, but no one used Yue Fei." But aren't North Korean adults still officials and having parties? You see, despite the troubled times, how many literati do not fold fans, do not praise the years, and spend their lives painting and calligraphy? You see, how many women, just like the woman named Sun, don't learn any words, don't pursue any love, and don't live the same way? However, Li Qingzhao did not. As a commoner, she thinks about the responsibility of the public and the affairs of the country. As a woman, she strives for parallel personality and respects love. No matter how she treats politics, studies, love and marriage, she will never go with the flow and be happy with it, which will inevitably lead to loneliness and inescapable sadness beyond time and space. She bears a heavy cross, which combines the difficulties of nationality, family, marriage and study, as well as all conflicts and hardships in politics, culture, morality, marriage and personality caused by feudal autocracy.
"There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream". In her bones, Li Qingzhao pursues not only national integrity and political firmness, but also extraordinary personality charm. She always clearly holds a standard of being a man and stubbornly guards her moral integrity. When she is not in big trouble and her life is relatively stable, she has seen her high standard of personality pursuit. When Zhao Mingcheng was an official in Laizhou, he went to visit relatives, but he didn't read much in his room. He was very unhappy and wrote poems. Life on the highway is so strange. "After the troubles of the world, she is even more outstanding, and the mud is not touched. She stood on the shelf of the century, traveling through time and space, overlooking all beings, so she had a special loneliness: "Lin, there is a wisp of thin smoke on Chaos Mountain. The smoke is thin, and when the crow returns, it smells at dusk. The fragrance breaks the wine, and the west wind urges the phoenix tree to fall. The buttonwood tree fell and fell again. Li Qingzhao has been lonely for thousands of years. Looking around the female world, she doesn't know each other. This is also the reason why she has returned to the hero overlord for thousands of years to communicate. "I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong." Also, she could not have known that thousands of years later, when the luck of feudal society was running out, another woman who knew her was born-Qiu Jin and Qiu Jin. Looking back on that night in three thousand years, she also sighed:
If Li Qingzhao is as numb as the girl named Sun or Sister Xianglin in Lu Xun's works, forget it; If Li Qingzhao fights Du Shiniang with death, forget it. She just struggles with the world with her heart and calls for heaven with her pen. With high artistic talent, she has carefully woven this melancholy sky, turned sadness into beauty, and created endless treasures for people to enjoy forever. The special charm of Li Ci lies in its persistent and tenacious masculinity, just like the author's character. Although she said she was sad, it was actually a photo. This is why people can keep reading for a hundred years. Zheng Zhenduo commented in The History of China Literature: "She is original, and she is independent of a group of poets. She is not influenced by other poets, and other poets seem to be unaffected by her. She is too tall for a mediocre writer to catch up with. Countless poets and poets have written countless poems, which will remain in my heart forever; More than half of them speak on behalf of the heroine, and these poems are as straight as dirt in front of clear photos. " Thus, the story of her life, the sadness in her heart, turned into the tragic beauty of sadness, and she and her ci will always hang high in the starry sky of history.
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