Tao Yuanming had the ambition of "helping the poor" when he was young. However, he lived in an era of changing owners in Jin and Song Dynasties. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was extremely corrupt, surrendered blindly to the outside world and settled in a corner of the rivers and lakes. The life of the ruling group is dissolute, civil strife continues, warlords have been fighting for years, and exorbitant taxes and levies have deepened the exploitation and oppression of the people. In the turbulent era when the country was on the verge of collapse, Tao Yuanming's ambition could not be realized at all. At the same time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty inherited the old system, implemented the door-door system, and protected the aristocratic bureaucratic privileges of aristocratic gentry, resulting in intellectuals from small and medium-sized landlords having no chance to display their talents. A poor man like Tao Yuanming, whose ancestors and fathers only held first-class official positions, had a premature decline in his family. Of course, he was "ambitious and dedicated." In addition, his personality is honest and frank, honest and honest, and he doesn't want to grovel and cling to the powerful, so he has a sharp contradiction with the dirty and dark real society and has a feeling of being out of place. In the first year of Yixi (405), he resolutely resigned from the Pengze county magistrate who took office only 8 1 day, and finally got rid of the ruler, retired to the countryside and lived in seclusion for a long time.
Although far away in the Jianghu, he still cares about state affairs. In June of the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Emperor Gong Jin as the king of Lingling and changed his title to "Yongchu". In the second year, Emperor Wu of Song conspired to suffocate Gong Jin with a quilt. These can't help but cause waves in Tao Yuanming's thoughts. Starting from the inherent Confucian concept, he became dissatisfied with Emperor Wu of Song's regime and deepened his hatred of the real society. But he can't change or interfere with this situation, so he has to express his feelings with the help of creation, and create a beautiful realm opposite to the dirty and dark society, in order to entrust his political ideals and good interests. The Peach Blossom Garden was produced under such a background.
2. Original text
During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious and English is colorful, which makes fishermen very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor.
If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.
Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yunzu escaped from the Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and did not return, so he was separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh. The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory." (Every other job: isolation)
Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And the county, Yi Taishou, said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost.
Liu Ziji, a noble family, heard about it and gladly did it. If you fail, you find the disease, and then you lose interest.
3. Appreciation of works
The Story of Peach Blossom Garden depicts the peaceful, happy, free and equal life of Peach Blossom Garden, and shows the author's ideal of pursuing a better life and his dissatisfaction with real life.
Tao Yuanming writes poems, and is good at sketching. His style is economical and his language is natural. Peach Blossom Garden also has this artistic style. Although it is a fictional fairyland, writing in a virtual scene by using realistic techniques gives people a sense of reality, as if there is a real person. The full text takes the whereabouts of Wuling fishermen as the main line, and describes three stories like novels: fishing in the stream, Taoyuan fairyland and getting lost again. The first paragraph vividly reveals a series of psychological activities of Wuling fishermen with four connected words: forgetting, meeting, being different and wanting to be poor. The word "forget" means that he is bent on fishing instead of calculating the distance, and it also implies that he has gone far. It focuses on one and forgets the rest of the mental state, which is similar to the wonderful situation of "Xu Xing does not remember the depth of the mountain". "Sudden Meeting" and "Very Different" take care of each other, writing their amazing expressions of accidentally seeing the peach blossom forest, and also highlighting the beautiful scenery of the peach blossom forest. The phrase "lush grass and colorful English" is a wonderful pen to write about the scenery. Colorful, beautiful scenery, as if there are bursts of fragrance overflowing from the pen, beautiful language, handy. The second paragraph first describes the discovery of fairyland in a few words. "When the water is exhausted, you will get mountains", pointing out that you have reached a secluded place; "The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light", suggesting that this is an unusual place to go. The fisherman's searching eyes and anxious mood are also reflected. After passing through the narrow passage, I wrote "suddenly enlightened", which has a deep charm. After entering Taoyuan Wonderland, first write down the land, houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, buildings, crows and dogs barking, and everything you see and hear is vivid. Then, from far to near, from scenery to people, it describes the farming, clothing and life of Taoyuan characters, and depicts an ideal picture of pastoral life. Finally, the scene of Taoyuan people meeting fishermen changed from "panic" to "questioning", from warm hospitality to parting advice, which was written sincerely and full of rich flavor of life. In the third paragraph, it is written that the fisherman is "determined everywhere" on his way back along the road, suggesting that he intends to start again. "I am a satrap, I say so", which is contrary to the advice of Taoyuan people that "the humanity of outsiders is not enough for humanity of outsiders". The satrap's "no way out" and the failure of Liu Ziji's plan are all deliberate plots. I finally found a fairyland, but it was secretly written that Taoyuan people didn't want to be "outsiders" anymore. For Taoyuan Wonderland, secular people have nothing to look for and no longer care about, but Tao Yuanming himself has never stopped pursuing it. At the end of Peach Blossom Garden Poetry, he revealed his wish to "whisper softly and ask me out". He regards Peach Blossom Garden as a like-minded friend and earnestly hopes to live in Peach Blossom Garden with him.
Tao Yuanming's successful use of the technique of virtual scene writing makes people feel that Taoyuan Wonderland is real, which shows his superb artistic talent in narrative scenery writing. But the artistic achievements and charm of Peach Blossom Garden don't stop there, and Tao Yuanming doesn't just want people to confirm its real existence. Therefore, while writing virtual scenes, there are also virtual things in reality, leaving several seemingly empty topics, which make people try their best to guess and find no answers. The persuasion of Taoyuan people and the plot of "no more roads" and "no more rules" arranged at the end of the story are illusory and confusing, which is the most intriguing of these topics. What it implies to the world is that it seems to be in the world, not in the world, not in the world, and can only be obtained unintentionally, not intentionally. It seems to have some subtle internal connection with "there is a real meaning in it, and I forgot what I wanted to say". This mysterious area has always been covered with a mysterious veil, and it is difficult for the world to reveal that "it is difficult to ask the alchemist and it is difficult to predict the hubbub." Its opening and closing, the gains and losses of fishermen, are the eternal mysteries deliberately left by Tao Yuanming, "provoked the poet to talk today." However, he also revealed a little news in the poem of Peach Blossom Garden, saying that "once the gods bloom" is "seclusion" because "plain and different sources"! It turns out that Taoyuan is simple and secular, lest it "turn Wuling into a place of contention" (Su Shi's Preface to Peach Blossom Garden Poetry). This piece of pure land has been defiled, and even a noble like Liu Ziji will not have a chance to see the fairyland.
The story of Taohuayuan is similar to other fairyland stories, describing a beautiful fairyland. However, it should be emphasized that the ideal model provided by Tao Yuanming has its particularity: in fact, ordinary people, a group of asylum seekers, rather than immortals, live there, but they retain some natural innocence more than the world; Their peace, tranquility and happiness are all obtained through their own labor. Many ancient fairy tales are about immortality and treasure. There is neither immortality nor treasure in the Peach Blossom Garden, only a scene of farming. At the beginning of his retirement, Tao Yuanming only thought about his personal advance and retreat. When he wrote Peach Blossom Spring, he was not limited to individuals, but thought about the way out of the whole society and the happiness of the broad masses of people. This step of Tao Yuanming is related to years of hardships and poor life experiences. Although the Peach Blossom Garden is just an illusion and the author's ideal society, it is commendable to put forward this illusion.
The artistic conception of this paper is exquisite, taking the whereabouts of Wuling fisherman as a clue to link reality with ideal realm. The combination of reality and reality is also one of its characteristics. Added a sense of mystery. The language is vivid, concise, meaningful and seemingly understated, but the description in it makes the scenery vivid and fascinating. The content of the article is detailed and slightly focused.
4. Introduction to the author
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), a native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), was the first pastoral poet in the history of China literature. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a politician, an early poet, a poet, an pastoral poet and a recluse poet in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote a lot of pastoral poems after retiring and became the founder of the pastoral school. Since Mr. 56, he changed his name to Qian in his later years. After his death, his relatives and friends celebrated him privately, and the world called him Mr. Jingjie. Because he likes drinking, he is also known as the wine saint Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined official family. He kept trying, disappointed and finally despaired to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". There is Tao Yuanming's collection. Tao Yuanming's poetry and prose has a unique artistic style and high attainments, which has opened up a new realm for classical poetry. The works are simple and natural, which affects the creation of Tang poetry out of true feelings.