Basic introduction of Chinese names: bǐxěng Pinyin: bǐxρng Original source: Academic definition of The Book of Songs: rhetorical methods and thinking forms of creation. Representative poets: Su Shi, Xin Qiji and other representative works: basic content, word definition, academic definition, representative works, poetic significance, technique application, etc. To compare one thing with another; Xing, say something else first to cause the lyrics to be sung. "Bixing" is two ways to express the tradition of China's classical poetry creation. "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing" by the Southern Liang Dynasty: "Therefore, a comparison is attached; Ye Qi traveler. People who are persistent in principles, cutting lessons and referring to things; People in love propose marriage by micro. " In the Southern Dynasties, Xie wrote Wen Xin Diao Sao: "The dragon is a metaphor for a gentleman, and the cloud is a metaphor for evil, which has the meaning of prosperity." Liu Tang knows a few things about Shi Tong's Narrative: "Yesterday's article has been written, and it was born with excitement. Birds and beasts are not as stupid as men and women. Poets and poets are prepared. " Liu Tang's "Know a few essays": "However, since ancient times, those who treat others with vegetation have taken their good and evil, smoked them, prospered and declined, and were virtuous and brittle." See Preface and Biography of Poems by Song and Zhu. ② refers to the creation of poetry. Wang Song Anshi's "Manna Song" said: "The days are colorless and comparable." Gu's Book of Qing Dynasty: "The decline of eight generations, the inheritance of a thousand years, is unclear! For Sven, it is not only a fun to linger, but also a grand event to spread the art forest. " The academic definitions of "Bi" and "Xing" are not only a rhetorical method of creation, but also a way of thinking. "Bi" is more a literary factor, it is to know people with foreign things, and it is more an ethical function. "Xing" is more of an artistic factor, which goes beyond the ethical category. It directly connects everything with human self, and between self and nature, there are two kinds of reflections: "the realm of self" and "the realm of non-self". Representative works: 1, Feng Yansi's The Golden Gate is Blowing Up 2, Xin Qiji's Qingpingle Living Alone in Boshan Wangshi Temple 3, Li Jing's Huanxisha Han Xiang Selling Cuiye Ginseng 4, Xin Qiji's Touching Fish Can Eliminate Several Storms and Han Gongchun's beginning of spring Day, Lu You's Yongmei and Jiang Kui's. If you don't feel prosperous, it's like watching a mountain without climbing, climbing without overlooking. In it, the viewer is complacent. You're excited, start with it. Start with it, start with it. Start with it, start with it. Starting from it, we can satirize it. If you look at your husband's wealth, he will be personable and logical, and your name will be smaller and your scope will be larger. San Lv is loyal; According to the system of "Sao" in The Poetry, irony is both "comparison" and "prosperity". So, Xingyi died; Therefore, the song is sung first, and the daily use is almost the same. I forget the month and give it up, so I thank Zhou people. Liu Xie's essays are extremely heavy, but his exposition of Xing is extremely light. It can be seen that it is difficult to discuss and use. The method of promoting prosperity through classics should be the first one. This is the way to prosper. The difficulty lies not in the author, but in the reader. The ancients discussed Xing from the author's point of view, which was one-sided. Xing should be discussed from the reader's point of view before returning. Unknown prosperity is a big reason. Prosperity is more than style, prosperity is more than prosperity, prosperity is more than prosperity. Readers understand prosperity, which is a secondary concept. If the author uses prosperity, his excited part can't be found in the article. Readers must be allowed to conceive and study by themselves. The purpose of prosperity lies in whether readers can reach the author's thought or realm. Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't he a completely moral person? Although people may not pay attention to him, he won't feel uneasy. ".Can you understand that Xing is a matter of bosom friends? It depends on the level of readers, the author writes. The depth of understanding depends on the reader's level. I think, shut out, the origin is like people, those who know gallop, and those who don't know can't get in. This is the difficulty in solving Xing. Although there is no threshold, the threshold is towering. Knowing Xing's difficulties, smart readers can also: "Green, take it from blue, and make it green. Day 9: Hidden Dragon, no need. 92: See the dragon in the field, so you can meet adults. 93: A gentleman works all day, and if he is late, he has no blame. 94: It's not strange to jump deep. The ninth five-year plan: the flying dragon is in the sky. It's good to see adults. Shangjiu: Kang Long, have regrets. Use nine: see a leaderless group, Ji. The author used a lot of interest, but it was very profound. It is the reader's business not to understand. What are the four virtues rising together? Four virtues are dragons, people are born outstanding, and the rise of elite culture is bound to have the quality of leading culture. Just like the sun, the sun also has four virtues, and sunlight makes everything grow; Let beautiful things get along and get together; The sun shines and everything is bright and harmonious; Everything is endless. Day 9: Hidden Dragon, no need. Rise: First of all, you have to be a dragon with four virtues, and then dive, that is, you can keep loneliness, so you don't have to, which raises the question of the source. The ancients talked about the source, just taking the upper position. Today, when people are in the upper position, there are many means, and the inverse ratio shows what is not needed. When it is not the right time, it is not the right time, and the superior law is immoral, they can't. The deep meaning contained in it is not a hidden dragon. Don't use four words to achieve it. Readers need to conceive twice, enter the author's thinking place, play it carefully and know its meaning. Its meaning can be used to guide life. This is Xing's literary skills and literary value.
Example: Guan pheasant Guan pheasant dove, in Hezhou. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her. If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again. Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her. In ancient times, women in society had to go to school at a certain age, and girls' schools could only gather together, usually by the river or on an island, so as to surround them and prevent outsiders from entering or landing on the island. Love is on one side and people are on both sides. This is the background of the times: "The so-called beauty is on the water side." At this time, a picture appeared in my mind. A great group of people. Wash clothes. They are healthy, lively and lovely, and they can sing and dance well. How touching. This is the homesickness of Guan Guan's white dove in Hezhou. It refers to a group of beautiful girls like birds, studying and living in harmony and happiness on an island in the river. Songs are just like singing. They are beautiful and integrated with nature. The rest is straightforward expression. Water shepherd's purse stems are slender, soft and multi-branched, creeping, rooting at nodes, floating on water or born in soil. Leaf-shaped water lily, small and unique, bright yellow flowers, sticking out of the water, many flowers, long flowering period. Shepherd's shepherd's purse turns green in March of the lunar calendar, when the spring is bright, and the patchwork shepherd's purse flows around with the water, which is lively and vivid. The prosperity of that poem is that in spring, Huang Shang, a lively and naughty girl in Tsing Yi, dodged from left to right, but refused to look me in the eye. But I like it very much. I just miss her. That kind of yearning, falling asleep, is still her in the dream, and both body and mind are in a kind of sweetness. The rise of amaranth is the beauty of a girl. Take it from left to right, and let gentlemen and ladies become good friends! What you choose is what you get, and the rising gentleman and lady finally meet. Because we know each other, we have friends. Readers can have fun together, regardless of word order. Therefore, the author's pleasure is just thinking about the land. Readers can read the whole article and then understand the text in one place. Ragged shepherd's purse was picked everywhere. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. Hare and harp are also the harmony of rising gentlemen and ladies. Lovely girl, I think you are as close as harp and harp. Companionship and harmony, our love at this time is like * * * blended friendship, pure, friendly and enjoyable. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her. Picking shepherd's purse more gently, the lovely girl and I have a gentle and lingering feeling. Bells and drums are happy, and what rises is warm love in tenderness and lingering! In this new thinking world, we must taste the meaning of series. The harp turns the bell and drum. From * * to the voice of the Golden Revolution, the bells and drums are melodious, and they are surging with * * *. This is the rise. The relationship between a girl and a gentleman is not unrequited love, but mutual understanding, and then from mutual understanding to lingering love. The whole poem is more exciting and charming. Progressive, from scenery to characters, emotions are from troubles to injuries. The prosperous ideological world is created by the author and inspired by the readers. There are no two pleasant words. The Significance of Poetry On the artistic techniques of China's classical poetry, apart from the harmony of melody, it is "rhyme and harmony, and words are easy to enter", that is, the language art of poetry must be full of music, and its expression never goes beyond Fu, Bi and Xing. Regarding the significance of Bixing, Liu Xie not only wrote a special article (Volume 8 of Wen Xin Diao Long, Bixing 36), but also said it in Ming Poetry, Bian Sao and other articles. The ancient poets in China always regarded "wind" and "coquettish" as the highest standards of scholarship. Zhang Huiyan mentioned this for the first time in the preface of Selected Poems. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius explained that "poetry has six meanings" and extended it by quoting Zheng Xuan, a Han Confucian, explaining that Fu, Bi and Xing are all poetic methods, but "Bi is an implicit expression", so the way of using them is slightly different, which is nothing more than a blend of scenes and intentions. To talk about ci by metaphor means to have the connotation of "saying one thing and saying another", that is, "trusting" and "people's emotional fluctuations are caused by the external environment, which is the basic reason why figurative techniques occupy the primary position in the art of poetry language. This technique of "borrowing scenery to express emotion" is the key to how to use the language art of classical poetry, and it is also the basic spirit of bi xing technique. We should skillfully use metaphors to turn "unimportant words" into "extremely important words" and make the author's deep affection become the meaning of "endless words and endless meanings", such as Xin Qiji's "Wang Shi Temple in Boshan, Qingping Music Living Alone", Li Jing's "Breaking Huanxi Sand" and Xin Qiji's "Touching Fish" and so on. The technique uses the source of the Book of Songs, "Mulberry has not fallen, and its leaves are plump. "There are both" comparison "and" rejuvenation ",and" Mulberries have fallen, but they are yellow "("Feng Wei protects himself "). More artistic charm than simple "Xing" or "Bi". The poet used mulberry leaves as a metaphor to describe the transformation of abandoned wives from youthful glow to youthful death. The contrast between the mulberry leaves "Woruo" and "Huang Yan" not only implies the change of the heroine's appearance from youth to aging, but also symbolizes the love between the heroine and "Meng" from prosperity to decline. The addiction of women to ungrateful men caused by pigeons eating mulberries is full of sadness and sorrow. " Peacock flies southeast, wandering in five miles "("Peacock flies southeast ") Here, the poet used the peacock to fly south to symbolize the love and attachment of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, but he was unwilling to divorce and separate. There is both "comparison" and "interest", which sets a sentimental mood for the whole poem. For example, in the morning dew, I finally went to Japan. When can I forget that the mountains will never be too high and the water will never be too deep (short song)? In these three places, only "comparison" is used to indicate that life is fleeting, "morning dew" is used to indicate the virtue of Goldman Sachs, and mountains and seas are used to indicate that people are broad-minded and the more they accept talents. "I want to know why there are 50 strings on my Jinse, and each string has a youthful interval ("Jinse "). I celebrate China New Year with Jinse. Shang Yin died before he was fifty years old, so he used "fifty strings" to describe his life, which triggered the following idea of "one string and one column". The development of Song Ci is always nothing more than emotion and scenery, which is just right in appearance, or the latter lashes first, or the divine light is flickering, and the most attractive thing is far-reaching. In other words, taking Su Shi and Xin Qiji as examples, it is almost everywhere to express his feelings of "not talking to himself, but not talking to himself" with this metaphor. "He Zhu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, has some works close to Su Shi's, which opens up the heroic wind of Xin Qiji. He tried to say that learning poetry is not as good as pre-school students, and he learned eight lessons, namely: "Nothing floats, strange and ancient are not neighbors, poetry is not confined to things, narrative is not ill-tempered, those who are more prosperous are familiar with things, and those who use the department are like themselves, which is reflected in the article's unforgettable and overflowing with words." (The last episode of Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua quoted Wang Zhifang's poem) The most important sentences here are the fifth and eighth sentences. A poet can't achieve much if he can't master metaphor skillfully and has the indomitable spirit. Like He Zhu, there is Lu You, who uses things as metaphors to express his feelings about life. In Yongmei, the first one, in which the cold plum blossom is used to express the loyal people, is not particularly abandoned, while the next one shows that individuals have no intention to fight for power and gain, and only remain noble and pure, which is the only meaning of Qu Yuan's Li Sao, that is, "I would rather die in exile than live here." It's easier to be "obvious" than to hide. As for Jiang Kui, in Xiao Zhongshan's Red Plum in Tanzhou, Ling Fu, he deliberately portrayed the virtual "plum soul" and entrusted ChristianRandPhillips with the infinite sadness of personal wandering. At the same time with Xin Qiji, Chen Liang, who boasted that he was "a little old in his life", also wrote some works by means of comparison. In "Hate in Water Spring", what is described on the surface is just some "insignificant words" to bid farewell to the harm to spring, but Liu Xizai chose the following fifteen words "the world that hates wheatgrass", thinking that "though the words are far away, they have the meaning of staying behind and shouting for crossing the river." "Kong is a famous writer in ancient and modern times. He broke through the barriers of Confucian classics and education and endowed him with literary concepts and aesthetic concepts. He also put forward the literary aesthetic concept of "Xiang Xing" for the first time in the history of China's poetics and aesthetics, which made great contributions to the development of later poetry creation, poetry theory and artistic thinking, and showed the unique aesthetic way of the Chinese nation. Lu Xun's essay art has a unique personality: prose poetry is the core of his essay style system, and metaphor and symbol are his basic artistic thinking and expression; Stylistically, it is mixed and comprehensive, but in terms of words, it is full of twists and turns and is full of strange wisdom. Lu Xun's style of essays has his own name. When he emphasized spiritual freedom, immediate response to real life and eclecticism in style, he used both miscellaneous feelings and essays. "Emotion" and "miscellaneous" are both content to express themselves and interfere with society. He doesn't care about the length of words and the authenticity of literary genres. This is the primary feature of Lu Xun's essay style. From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the thinking mode of poetry experienced a gradual evolution from analogy to instant intuition. Bixing is two basic methods of ancient poetry creation, and it is the product of analogy and associative thinking. And the poetry with the highest artistic level in ancient times is not good at comparing with Xing. Since the Han Dynasty, Nineteen Ancient Poems, as the representative, have reflected the great influence of natural changes on poetic thinking. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, under the background of "material sense", the experience of "material sense" led to the poetic tendency that sensibility took precedence over lyricism. The appearance of pastoral poetry and landscape poetry is proof. Metaphysics and Buddhism changed the time consciousness of the ancients, and time is no longer a sign of objective existence, but empty. The empty sense of time provides a basis for intuition with static and dynamic moments. Bixing is no longer necessary. Wang Wei's landscape poems are empty, and the landscape instantly becomes a pure phenomenon.