Joining the army on the 15th is a folk song of Yuefu in Han Dynasty, which exposes the unreasonable military service system in feudal society and reflects the injustice and pain of working people under the dark military service system at that time. The work is true, profound, irritating and makes people cry.
This poem was first seen in Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry Collection "Song of Liang Gujiao" in the Song Dynasty, and it was named Zi Ma Zi's Songs. According to the Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems, "This poem was played in the Jin and Song Dynasties, with four sentences at the beginning, and it is called' Purple Horse', which is an ancient poem below" Joining the Army in the Tenth Five-Year Plan ". Zhu Gan's Yuefu Justice in Qing Dynasty regarded it as an old saying in Chapter 15 of Xianghe Qu in Han Dynasty. It was originally a folk song in Han Dynasty, which was played in Yuefu in Jin and Song Dynasties and included in Ma Zi. Poetry not only reflects the pain of working people being enslaved by rulers, but also reflects the cruelty of war destroying people's lives, which has strong authenticity and typical significance. Fan Dashi, a poet of A Qing Dynasty, said in Poems of Past Dynasties: "Future generations can describe their ancestors without disorderly poems, and no one can match them after fifteen years of enlistment. "
Fifteenth, join the army
He joined the army at the age of fifteen and didn't come back until he was eighty.
Every villager said, "Who's at home?"
"The royal family is ahead, with many pines and cypresses."
Rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam.
In the atrium, Green Valley was born, and in the well, Lv Kui was born.
Cereals are used as meals and sunflowers as soup.
The soup and rice have been cooked for a while, and I don't know who it will be.
Going out and looking east, tears fell on my clothes. To annotate ...
Start: Only.
Home: Go home.
Feng Dao: I met him on the road.
Road: journey.
A (A): It is a phonetic word in the article.
Jun: You, a respected title.
Seen from a distance: Seen from a distance
White: Pine trees. Zhǒng: Tomb.
Complex: connected with "base", it describes the appearance of mound graves one after another.
Dog sinus (gǒu dòu): a hole in the wall, a sinus and a hole for dogs to go in and out.
Pheasant: Pheasant
Atrium: the courtyard in front of a house
Health: dragon
Travel: the wild
Green Valley: Plants are called "green" without sowing. Traveler's Valley is called Traveler's Valley.
Sunflower: Wild sunflower.
Chūng: Mash things in a mortar or mortar, peel them or mash them.
Hold: use.
serve as
Pasty dishes.
For a while; a little while
Yi: send, give away.
Dip: infiltration translation
He was drafted into the army at the age of fifteen and retired to his hometown at the age of eighty.
On the way, I met my country neighbor and asked, "Who else is in my family?"
"Your position is now a grave in the pine and cypress forest."
Walking to the door, I saw rabbits coming in and out of the dog hole and pheasants flying around the roof.
There are wild millet in the yard and wild sunflower around the well.
Cooking with shelled wild grain, picking sunflower leaves to cook soup is a dish.
After a while, the soup and rice are all ready, and I don't know who to give them to.
Out of the door, looking east, eyes rested on the clothes.
Note: "From a distance, it is the royal family, with many pines and cypresses." It turned out to be "looking at the royal family from a distance, pines and cypresses build a base." Make an appreciative comment
This is a narrative, which describes the scene of a veteran running away from home when he was young, on his way home and after, expresses the veteran's mood, reflects the social reality at that time, and has certain typical significance. From the beginning, it was unusual: "I joined the army at the age of fifteen and returned to the team at the age of eighty." Frankly speaking, these two sentences, when a veteran joined the army at the age of fifteen and returned at the age of eighty, seem unremarkable, like a casual remark, but they are intriguing and impressive. He "joined the army in the tenth five-year plan", and where he went is not explained in the poem. His life and war situation in the army are not explained in the poem. This leaves a lot of imagination for readers. But one thing is clear, that is, he was "drafted into the army" because of the war, and it has been decades! The contrast between "80" and "15" highlights its "conscription" time; The echo of "starting all over again" and "joining the army" shows that he never gave up halfway.
The Fifteenth Military Service is a folk song of Yuefu in Han Dynasty, which exposes the unreasonable military service system in feudal society and reflects the injustice and pain of working people under the dark military service system at that time. The work is true, profound, irritating and makes people cry.
"Everyone in the village said,' Who's home?' "The protagonist's ideological context has entered the vast Yuan Ye and the long ancient road from the 65-year campaign life. The status quo of relatives' homes has changed from endless imagination to longing, longing and fear to understand, and the reverie wings of readers starting from the first two poems have also been gathered in the protagonist's anxious questioning. The question "Who's at home" leads to the focus of work-home. Sixty-five years later, how can you expect your family to be safe and sound and your loved ones to be alive? One or two survivors are lucky. So he just asked, who else in the family survived? However, the answer of the "village people" is like a basin of ice water standing in the snow: "From a distance, it is the royal family, with many pines and cypresses. "In these turbulent years, none of my relatives survived? Over the years, I have accumulated heartfelt feelings. Who should I talk to and express to? Just pines, cypresses and mounds? Is that my home? No, no, that's impossible!
The reality in front of us is: "rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam;" The atrium is born in the valley and the well is born in the sunflower. "From a distance, I can see a more desolate and sad scene. The author didn't say that the room was empty, but he caught the rabbit, saw people get into the livestock nest and thought he was safe, and the pheasant flew to the beam in the house and thought he was safe. The author didn't read the garden directly, but only took two "shots" of sunflowers and grains growing randomly by the well and atrium. People go to the empty building and die in the garden, which is even more detrimental to the image. A travel-stained old man, standing in front of a "home" with harmonious cooking and a clean and tidy garden, standing in front of a home that he has been looking forward to for 65 years but has no relatives to meet him, even ten times and a hundred times worse than he imagined ... What kind of situation is this, and what kind of emotional waves will readers have?
"Going out and looking east, tears fell on my skirt." He walked out of the disrepair house and looked east. He may still have hope. Who did he see? What do you see? He may have met his long-lost relatives? Maybe I didn't see anything. He walked out of his fantasy blankly and began to cry in a low voice. The words "tears fall on my clothes" are saturated with rich, profound and painful emotional connotations! The contrasting narration between the protagonist and his family has pushed the theme and artistic level of the work to a new height: those who have served in military service for 65 years are actually the only survivors of the whole family, and those relatives who have not served in military service have lush pines and cypresses on their graves. It is conceivable that their poverty and misery before their death are not as good as those foot soldiers who may die every moment; The work specifically describes the unfortunate experience and painful feelings of the protagonist who fought for the country for 65 years but could not return home, but was homeless after returning home. Compared with his relatives who had to walk into the silent, dark and cold grave, his misfortune was "lucky". The work not only exposes the darkness and evil of feudal military service, but also shows the misfortune of an 80-year-old man, reflects the darkness of the whole social reality at that time, and shows the misfortune of all the people, the decline of society and the turmoil of the times.
The last two sentences of the poem further express the sadness in the hearts of veterans in the description of their actions. Here, the details of the veteran's going out to look in all directions ("going out to look in all directions") and tears ("tears falling on my clothes") are highlighted, and the image of this unaccompanied and lonely veteran is portrayed, showing his grief-stricken mood incisively and vividly. Imagine that he "joined the army at the fifteenth and returned in the early eighties", and there were no relatives at home, only a bleak scene. How can he not be sad about it? What about the rest of your life? How can he not feel at a loss? Looking into the distance, he wondered if he was the only one in his country. That's not true. Who caused his tragic experience? Although it is not clear in the poem, it is not difficult to see this as long as it is related to the background of the poem. According to Jason Wu's explanation of Yuefu ancient poetry, this poem has been included in Yuefu in the Jin Dynasty and can be regarded as a work during the Han and Wei Dynasties. It was the militaristic rulers and endless wars at that time that caused the tragic experience of the veteran. Reflect the tragic experience of veterans, but also reflect the tragic experience of ordinary people under the oppression of heavy corvee at that time, and profoundly expose the dark social reality at that time.
This poem is ingenious and natural, focusing on the veterans' returning experiences and emotional changes. His experience of returning home is: from the beginning → on the way home → going home → "going out and looking east"; Emotional changes include: anxious to go home, anxious to know "who is at home?" Full of hope of reuniting with relatives (on the way home) → hope failed → complete disappointment (returning home, the scene was desolate and no one was there) → sad tears, disheartened ("going out and looking east"). These all come down to the theme of poetry that exposes the reality of dark society. The whole poem uses line drawing to describe the characters, with distinct levels and simple language. It expresses the sadness in a sad scene, which is quite distinctive and can also reflect the artistic characteristics of Han Yuefu's lyricism based on local materials.