Linchuan (now Linchuan County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province) Yan Fuling was a famous politician, writer and thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is a real official, a servant of Shangshu, a scholar of Guan Wendian, an envoy of Zhennan Army and a Jing Gong. After his death, he was posthumously awarded as a teacher. The world calls them "Wang" and "Wang Wengong".
Wang Anshi's quick thinking was called one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties by later generations. In addition to his literary attainments, Wang Anshi also studied traditional Confucian classics and founded a school with outstanding influence at that time-Gong Jing Xue Xin. His thoughts had a great influence on Confucian classics in Song and Ming Dynasties, and received a lot of attention at that time.
Although Wang Anshi mainly studied Confucianism, he insisted on pragmatism and borrowed from other classics and works, such as Zhou Li, Xunzi, Han Feizi and The Book of Shang Jun. Therefore, many academic circles in later generations combined with the Xining Reform presided over by Wang Anshi and thought that Wang Anshi was the inheritance of Legalists.
In addition, Wang Anshi also knew something about Taoism and Buddhism, leaving many writings. Ouyang Xiu once wrote a poem, "There are three thousand romantic poems in Hanlin and two hundred articles in the official department. Self-pity and self-pity are still there when you are old, so who is competing with your son? "Wang Anshi praised. "Existing collections such as Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection survive.
Wang Anshi made great achievements in politics and had a far-reaching influence on the Song Dynasty. He is a scholar in Li Qing No.2 Middle School, and served as an official in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Henan provinces. During these twenty years, he has been in extensive contact with social life and has a profound understanding of various social problems.
It was not until Xining became prime minister that the reform was initiated, which was called "Xining reform" or "Wang Anshi reform" in history. Wang Anshi's basic thought is rooted in not blindly following some authority, not believing in unchangeable dogma, and having a clear understanding of reality and correct technology and calculation when carrying out reform.
I hope to "commercialize fiscal revenue on a large scale." Xi Ning's political reform triggered a fierce conflict between the new faction and the conservatives in the imperial court, which was called "the struggle between the old and the new parties" in history. In the end, due to various reasons, Wang Anshi's political reform basically failed. In history, this kind of reform was evaluated as well-intentioned, but Wang Anshi failed because of his lack of ability. The success or failure of the reform proposed by Qi Xia, a historian of the Song Dynasty, is worth learning from later generations.
Literary achievements
In Wang Anshi's early years, Ouyang Xiu, the literary leader at that time, encouraged Wang Anshi to continue his literary efforts with a poem "To the King". Wang Anshi's answer is that he is more inclined to spread morality, and he is afraid of getting those false reputations because of his literary works. His literary thoughts are not divorced from practicality to make up for the world.
In essence, as a vassal of politics, he served politics until he retired to Jiangning in his later years. Wang Anshi has made great achievements in poetry and prose, and there are not many existing poems, but there are still masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
Wang Anshi's poems were integrated in the Song Dynasty and called Wang Ti. According to Hu Yinglin's poem, "Kun, though washed and beheaded on June 1st, is still upright, which is especially inappropriate. Pushing hub Mei's poems also has its own vision. It was only when Fu Jie began to write novel things that the style of the Tang Dynasty began to change greatly. Su Shi and Huang Tingjian followed suit, and ancient laws flourished. "
Wang Anshi's poetry plays an important role in the poetry circle of the Northern Song Dynasty. He inherited Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yao Chen, and laid the foundation for the Song Dynasty, making him argumentative, eloquent and curious, which became the characteristics of the Song Dynasty. In addition, Wang Anshi advocated parallel prose more vigorously, and he and his contemporaries and later poets all created related works.
Although Xiqing Poetics is regarded as the first collection of poems in history, it is undeniable that Wang Anshi played a great role in it, and his Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia has always been a model of poetry collections.
Wang Anshi initiated the atmosphere of Song poetry, and one of the most important characteristics of the atmosphere of Song poetry is discussion. Wang Anshi's poems are especially good at argument.