. The first collection of "The Book of Songs" was in the early Western Zhou Dynasty 2. The second collection of "The Book of Songs" was in the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period 3. The collection of "Xiaoya" and "Guofeng" was in the Spring and Autumn Period In the middle period 4, in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, Taishi Zhi of Lu compiled "Song of Lu" into a collection of poems, completing the final compilation of the "Book of Songs"
The Book of Songs had been finalized by the time of Confucius at the latest
< p>"Historical Records: The Family of Confucius" first proposed that Confucius deleted poems:In the ancient "Poetry", there were more than 3,000 chapters. When it came to Confucius, he removed the emphasis and applied it to etiquette and justice. , it describes the prosperity of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, and the decline of secludedness and sharpness, starting from the quilt, so it is said: "The chaos of "Guanju" is the beginning of "Feng", "Lu Ming" is the beginning of "Xiaoya", and "King Wen" is the beginning. "Daya" begins, "Qingmiao" begins with "Song". "The three hundred and five chapters are all composed by Confucius, in order to match the sounds of "Shao", "Wu", "Ya" and "Song". From now on, rituals and music can be described in order to prepare for the king's way and become the six arts.
According to Sima's theory, the final compiler of the Book of Songs should be Confucius, and the music used for its performance was also determined by Confucius. This theory is doubted by most researchers of later generations. "Zuo Zhuan" records in the "29th year of Lu Xianggong" (544 BC) that Wu Gongzi Ji Zha was hired by Lu to watch Zhou music. The order of the musicians' performances was "Guofeng", "Xiaoya", Except for the slightly different order in "Guofeng", "Daya" and "Song", their core system is the same as the current version of "The Book of Songs". Confucius was only 8 years old at the time, so it was impossible to delete the "Book of Songs"; in "The Analects of Confucius" "In "The Book of Songs", Confucius mentioned the "Book of Songs" many times, including twice the number of chapters in the "Book of Songs": "There are three hundred poems in the Book of Songs, which can be summed up in one sentence, saying: 'Thinking without evil'." [8] " Reciting "The Book of Songs" three hundred times and teaching them to govern is not enough; even if they are used in all directions, they cannot be correct. "[9] It can be seen that the "Book of Songs" that Confucius read and used to teach his disciples is different from what is popular today. The number of poems in "Mao Shi" is consistent; there are 128 poems cited and mentioned in "Zuo Zhuan" and "Guoyu", but only 11 poems can be identified as free poems (excluding "River Water" and "Dove"). "Fly" and other controversial works), compared with the number of poems handed down today is 12 to 1, and their weight is not large. These poems may not have been included in poetry collections in the first place, such as the poem "Pray for Zhao" written by Ji Gong [10], "Zhi" written by King Wu Ke Shang [11], etc. If it is true as Sima Qian said, Confucius deleted the poems that were circulated at that time. One-tenth of the poems, then the situation of people composing poems at that time was definitely not like this. The number of poems in them must be far more than what we see today. At that time, Zhou Taishi composed music for poems, and the musicians of the princely states also It was impossible for Confucius to overthrow all the already popular tunes and compose three hundred new tunes for his own country's poems and spread them in society. We have reason to believe that the Book of Songs was compiled in the time of Confucius, or even before Confucius, and the number of chapters is roughly the same as the number of chapters in the current Mao Shi.
2. The Book of Songs in Confucius' time was arranged according to "Wind", "Elegance" and "Song"
The current version of "Mao Shi" is divided into "Wind" and "Elegance". ", "Ode" divides "The Book of Songs" into three major categories, and follows "Guo Feng" ("Zhou Nan", "Zhao Nan", "Bei Feng", "Yuan Feng", "Wei Feng", "Wang Feng" ", "Zheng Feng", "Qi Feng", "Wei Feng", "Tang Feng", "Qin Feng", "Chen Feng", "Hui Feng", "Cao Feng", "Bin Feng"), "Ya Feng" " ("Xiaoya", "Daya") and "Song" ("Song of Zhou", "Song of Lu", "Song of Shang") are arranged in order. Is the order in the current version of "Mao Shi" the same as the order in the final version in the pre-Qin era? With the release of the Chu bamboo slips collected by the Shanghai Museum, a dispute over the ordering has arisen. In August 2000, the Shanghai Museum released hundreds of bamboo slips from the Warring States Period. On August 16, the first page of "Wenhui Po" published a report by reporter Shi Xuanyuan titled "Decryption of the Warring States Bamboo Slips in Shanghai" with an eye-catching title. The article stated: "The modern version of the Book of Songs" The contents include "Guofeng", "Xiaoya", "Daya" and "Song". This is reversed in Confucius' poetry theory on bamboo slips and is called "Litigation", "Daxia", "Xiaoxia" and "Bangfeng" (Han Dynasty). In order to avoid the taboo of Liu Bang, Confucianism changed the order of the poem to the country). It is possible that the twenty-nine bamboo slips in "On Mao's Poems" have different arrangements of "Guofeng", "Xiaoya", "Daya" and "Song". "[12] Jiang Lin wrote: "According to this. Judging from the arrangement of the bamboo slips, the second one is an introduction to "Litigation" ("Song"), then to "Daxia" ("Daya"), only the last sentence of the bamboo slips to "Shaoxia" is left, and finally is an introduction to "Bangfeng" ". From this we can see that the order of the contents of the Book of Songs in the bamboo book "Confucius' Poetry" is "Litigation" ("Song"), "Daxia" ("Daya"), and "Shaoxia" ("Xiaoya") , "Bang Feng" ("Guo Feng"). The order of the sections in this "Poetry" is unprecedented." [13] Some scholars try their best to maintain the traditional order of "The Book of Songs" and believe that "Confucius' Poems". "There is no other sorting method, such as Li Xueqin, Li Ling, Jiang Guanghui, Fan Yuzhou and other scholars. Fan Yuzhou believes: "The "Explanation" ignores that the fourth and fifth slips of the original book still follow the "Guo" in the current version of "Mao Shi" when discussing the overall characteristics of each part of "Wind", "Ya" and "Song". The arrangement order of "Wind", "Xiaoya", "Daya" and "Song".
Moreover, based on our understanding of the internal logical relationships of the articles in "On Poetry", it is difficult to conclude that the "Explanation" written before the "Explanation" in the "On Poetry" section of the book "The Warring States Period Chu Bamboo Book Collection of the Shanghai Museum (1)" proposes of view. "[14] Mr. Li Xueqin wrote the article "Explanation of Chapters of the Chu Bamboo Book "On Poetry" in the Shanghai Museum"[15]. He reordered the bamboo slips of "Confucius' Poetry" based on the current version of "Mao Shi" to prove that "Confucius' Poetry" The order of "The Book of Songs" is consistent with the current version of "Mao Shi". We agree with the views of Mr. Li Xueqin and others. The version of "The Book of Songs" seen by Confucius is consistent with the current version of "The Book of Songs", and the "Book of Songs" on which "Confucius' Theory of Poetry" is based. The order is still "Feng", "Ya", and "Song". There are three main reasons for this: First, judging from the records in "Zuo Zhuan", in the time of Confucius, or before Confucius, the Book of Songs was divided into "Feng" and "Song". "Ya" and "Song" have appeared in order. "Zuo Zhuan·Lu Yingong's Third Year" quotes Junzi's comment: ""Feng" has "Caifeng" and "Caiping", and "Ya" has "Xingwei". , "悂悳", Zhao Zhongxin also. "The word "Fengya" is used together here. This certainly does not prove that the Book of Songs appeared in the third year of Lu Yingong (720 BC) according to the Fengya order, but it can at least explain that the Book of Songs seen by the author of "Zuo Zhuan" "The order may be "Wind" first and then "Ya"; the most illustrative thing is the order of the "Book of Songs" sung by Lu musicians when Wu Jizha entered Lu to watch music in the 29th year of Lu Xianggong (544 BC). The musicians played "Wind", "Ya", and "Song" in order, which should reflect the basic order of the "Book of Songs" at that time. Some scholars boldly denied the "Zuo Zhuan" in order to prove the different versions of "Confucius Poetry". Regarding the authenticity of the record, he believes that “the record of Jizha’s watching music in Zuo Zhuan that we see now is not the original record, and the content of Jizha’s watching music has been tampered with by later generations. "[16] There is no evidence for this assumption. Secondly, the Analects of Confucius records that Confucius said: "I defend myself against Lu, and then I am happy to be upright. "Ya" and "Song" each have their own place. "The "Ya" and "Song" mentioned in it should refer to the elegant poems and odes in the "Book of Songs". According to the custom at that time, Confucius also put "Ya" first and then "Song". Third, the bamboo book "Confucius" The second and third chapters of "On Poetry" seem to have the order of "Litigation" ("Ode") first, then "Daxia" ("Daya"), and finally "Bangfeng", but this does not prove that Confucius's theory of poetry The manuscripts it is based on are arranged in "Song", "Daya", "Xiaoya" and "Guofeng", which can only show the level and status of the various types of "Book of Songs" in Confucius' mind, such as "Book of Rites and Music". "Zi Gong asked Master Yi, and Master Yi replied: "Those who are broad and quiet, soft and upright are suitable for singing "Ode"; those who are broad and quiet, open and trustworthy are suitable for singing "Daya"; those who are thrifty and courteous are suitable for singing "Elegance". It is appropriate to sing "Xiaoya"; for those who are upright and quiet, honest and modest, it is appropriate to sing "Wind". "Teacher B said that the order of poems also ranges from temple music to elegant music, and finally to secular music, which only reflects the hierarchy of the poems and has nothing to do with the order. More importantly, it comes from the overall content of the bamboo slips "Confucius' Theory of Poetry" Look, Confucius and his disciples started from "Guofeng" to "Xiaoya", "Daya", and then to "Song", which is the same as the preface of the current "Book of Songs"
Confucius deleted it. The theory of poetry is an important statement about the editor of the Book of Songs. This statement has great influence, but the textbook believes that there are many strong arguments to prove that Confucius made a great contribution to the perfection, dissemination and preservation of the Book of Songs. , but he never deleted the poems. The final editor of the Book of Songs should be the music official of the Zhou Dynasty.