I. Language proficiency
Wang Anshi called the language of poetry "the language of poets", which means that the language of poetry is different from other stylistic terms. In the college entrance examination, we need to focus on the following aspects at the language level.
Verbs: When appreciating poetry, we should pay attention to verbs, especially those with "multiple meanings".
Modifiers: mostly adjectives, but also the focus of poetry appreciation.
③ Special words: In poetry, some words are unique in themselves, and readers can find them quickly:
A. Reduplicated words: Reduplicated words have two functions: enhancing the sense of rhythm of language or playing an emphasis role.
B Onomatopoeic words: Some onomatopoeic words are overlapping words, so they are listed separately because of their high frequency. It has a function: to make poetry more vivid and make people feel immersive.
C. Words expressing colors: These words are sometimes used as predicates, sometimes as attributes, and sometimes as subjects or objects. But there is only one function. Color generally expresses mood, enhances the color sense and picture sense of description, and renders the atmosphere.
④ Overall evaluation: The focus of overall evaluation of language is that some terms can be used. In the style of poetry, there are bold and graceful words, and so are poems and songs. But the special appreciation terms are: agitation and loudness. Elegant and beautiful. Gorgeous language, extremely fine ability. Language is simple and meaningful.
Two. Content level
The content level mainly refers to grasping the appreciation of poetry from the content. The college entrance examination syllabus requires students to master the general meaning and artistic techniques of poetry, which shows that this topic will not be difficult. Therefore, it is still necessary to "grasp the key points" and "understand the terminology" in the content.
(1) Pay attention to scenery and feelings, things and feelings; The relationship between scenery and people, things and people;
Terminology: a. lyric by scenery B. lyric by objects C. emotional injury D. scene blending E. controlling scenery with emotion F. lyric by scenery.
② Pay attention to the relationship between the past and the present in the poetry genre: technical terms: a. Borrowing the past to hurt the present; B. borrow the ancient to satirize the present; C. comparison between the past and the present; D. nostalgia hurts yourself; 3. Special images: Some things themselves have specific symbolic meanings, and these things appear in poetry, so we should give priority to these special symbolic meanings as the appreciation direction. For example, three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemums symbolize noble character, peach blossoms symbolize beauty, and birds symbolize freedom.
(4) Use allusions skillfully and turn them into poems of predecessors. This aspect requires students' extracurricular reading and history knowledge, but sometimes it is very obvious.
⑤ There are two kinds of poems: lyric poems and narrative poems, among which there is a kind of mystery poem, which is small in number but has great influence. The truth contained in these poems only needs students to point it out a little. It is particularly important to note that these poems are all about specific things, which is their * * * similarity. In the works of several great poets, such as Du Fu, Lu You and Su Shi, we can often see sentences with far-reaching meaning.
Three. Extended dimension
The expansion level mainly refers to grasping poetry as a whole and improving one's appreciation ability to a higher level.
Artistic conception and thoughts and feelings: the main terms are melancholy, depression, cheerful, generous, euphemistic, implicit, empty, frank, natural, humorous and plain. In addition, thoughts and feelings sometimes have levels. The main terms are: "expanding and deepening layer by layer" and "feeling surging".
② Lyrics: The main terms are "direct lyricism" and "indirect lyricism".
(3) Rhetoric: Rhetoric is applied to poetry, and its function is roughly the same as other styles. Metaphor is more vivid, personification is to personify things, asking questions is to emphasize, exaggeration is to emphasize and highlight, and antithesis is to enhance the musical beauty of poetry, express concise meaning, express lyricism, enhance the external formal beauty of poetry, and call for more direct expression of feelings. What students should do is to discover rhetoric and directly explain its function. One thing that deserves special attention in rhetoric is contrast. The technical terms are "moving with quietness" and "quietness with sound".
Multi-angle appreciation: Some poems render the atmosphere from hearing, touch, vision and other aspects, enriching the content of poems.
Four. Complementary size
Students should pay attention to "Three Notices" when answering subjective appreciation questions;
First, we should pay attention to the topic selection, some of which are suggestive in themselves: Yang Jiong joined the army, Li Bai visited ancient times in Vietnam, and bid farewell to Meng Haoran on his way to Yangzhou, Luo's Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada, Du Fu's and so on.
Second, pay attention to the author. Generally, the selected poems can represent the author's main creative style, such as Xin Qiji and Mao Zedong's bold words, Liu Yong and Qin Guan's graceful words, Li Bai's romantic poems, Wang Wei's "painting in poetry" and so on. Paying attention to this is very beneficial to the overall appreciation.
Third, we should pay attention to annotations, which are the most noteworthy content in appreciation. Although it is only a few words, it is a hint from the questioner. Some introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of your poem; Some of them are introductions of related poems, suggesting the allusions or artistic conception of your poems. Sometimes introducing the author hints at the writing style of your poem. So, be sure to study your notes carefully!