1952, the "Freedom Officer Organization" headed by Nasser launched a coup, which overthrew the Farouk dynasty in one fell swoop and opened a new chapter in Egyptian history.
From 65438 to 0956, President Nasser launched the Suez Canal nationalization movement that shocked Arab countries and even the whole world. In order to safeguard the colonial interests, Britain, France and Israel jointly launched the Suez Canal War. As a result, with the strong support and active intervention of the international community, the Egyptian people led by Nasser won the anti-aggression war, drove the British and French colonial forces out of Egypt and safeguarded national independence. Nasser himself became a national hero of the Egyptian and Arab people.
From 65438 to 0967, the Arab countries were defeated in the third Middle East War, and Nasser fell ill with depression. 1970, sudden death.
1952 After the July Revolution. Nasser wrote the book "Revolutionary Philosophy of Pyridine" and expounded his thoughts of Arab nationalism. Nasser regarded nationalism as the ideological weapon for the Arab people to carry out the nationalist revolution. He believes that in the face of the colonial oppression of western countries and the reactionary rule of feudal dynasties, the Arab people should raise their national consciousness and carry out a nationalist revolution, that is, a "political revolution" against imperialism and tyrants, and regain their right to manage themselves from tyrants and foreign troops stationed in the territory of the motherland. After the nationalist revolution, we should carry out the Arab national liberation movement, use Arab nationalism to eliminate all foreign forces in the Arab region, and help every Arab country to carry out the liberation movement and strive for national independence.
Finally, Nasser compared Arab nationalism to the bond of unity and friendship among Arabs, which is a social movement related to national politics and economy, and also a struggle for Arab unity, ownership, integrity and dignity. He also believes that the reason why Arabs are subjected to brutal aggression and bullying by imperialism is that they are in a state of division and isolation like scattered sand. Once they unite, they can become strong and resist any aggression from outside. The highest stage and ultimate goal of Arab nationalism is to achieve Arab unity.
Nasser's nationalist goal is the independence and strength of Egypt. 1952 after the success of the Egyptian revolution, Nasser promulgated six revolutionary principles in the name of the revolutionary steering Committee: eliminating imperialism; Eliminate feudalism; Eliminate the control of foreign monopoly capital on the government; Establish a strong national army; Establish social justice; Establish and improve the democratic life meeting.
To sum up, these six principles are to free Egypt from slavery, oppression, poverty and backwardness and establish a free and just new Egypt. Later, with the victory and independence of the Egyptian revolution and the establishment of a nation-state, the focus of Nasser's nationalism shifted to the whole Arab world. Nasser wants to seek Egypt's due position in the Arab countries and play its leading role in the Arab, African and Islamic worlds.
Nasser expounded the proposition that Egypt is the center of the Arab world in his book Revolutionary Philosophy. He compared the Arab world, the African continent and the Islamic world to three "concentric circles", with Egypt at the center of these three concentric circles. Nasser stressed that Egypt must be closely linked with the "three circles" and make every effort to make a difference. The historical opportunity is that Egypt plays a "glorious hero role" in these three circles.
Judging from Egypt's mission and responsibility in the Arab world, Nasser's nationalism is obviously pan-Arabism, because the Arab national unity he advocated transcends religion and national boundaries. Nasser especially emphasized the unity of Arab countries in history, religion and even geography, and believed that the same national culture and geography plate constituted the complete outline of Arab countries. Since 1953, he has always regarded the unity of the Arab world as the most important "international task" and insisted on emphasizing the importance of Arab nationalism. One of his beliefs is to unite the Arab nation into a powerful whole and then exert its positive influence in the world.
For the sake of the unification of Arab countries, Nasser expanded the foundation of the unification of Arab countries. He believes that if we only rely on Islam, we cannot achieve the unity of the Arab nation. We should consider not only religious factors, but also geographical and historical factors.
Nasser's thought eventually became the theoretical basis of his political activities devoted to "realizing Arab reunification", and also triggered a series of bloody and violent revolutions in some Arab countries, the most prominent case being the bloody coup in Iraq in 1958.