Question 2: How to write a poem?
How do beginners learn to write poems?
First, capture and create the image of poetry.
(1) Poetry is written with images.
Belinsky pointed out a long time ago: "Philosophers use syllogism, poets use images and pictures to speak, but they all say the same thing." (/kloc-a glimpse of Russian literature in 0/847) This tells us that we should think in images when writing poems. The so-called thinking in images first means that when you go deep into life, you should feel life in images, experience life in images, observe life and analyze life.
Thinking in images should be good at capturing images on the basis of image feelings. Ai Qing pointed out: "The activity of thinking in images is to fix everything that is difficult to capture and everything that is erratic, and present it clearly to readers, as clear as a seal on paper." So he said, "People who write poems often look for images to express an idea." Can capture the image of the novel, but also have the material to write poetry. So how do we capture images? It depends on inspiration. Mayakovski gave an example of capturing the image: he returned to Moscow from saratov in about 19 13.
In order to show the woman on the same journey that he has no evil thoughts about her at all, the poet said, "I am not a person, but a cloud in pants." After saying this, he immediately thought that he could write it into a poem ―― but he was worried that oral uploading would be abused in vain. So what should we do? He is very anxious. For almost half an hour, the poet asked the girl a lot of questions, and he didn't breathe a sigh of relief until he believed his words flew out of the girl's other ear. Two years later, he used Clouds in Pants as the title of a long poem.
(2) Poetry is the expression of imagination. Aristotle said: "Poetry needs a special talent, or it has a crazy component, or it makes it easy for him to imagine the required expression." Shelley: "Generally speaking, poetry can be interpreted as an expression of imagination." Brest: "Poetry is the language of imagination and * * *" Belinsky: "Imagination is the main active force in poetry. The creative process can only be completed by imagination. " Ai Qing said, "Without imagination, there is no poem". "The most important talent of a poet is to use imagination." The imagination of a poet is different from that of a scientist. Bacon pointed out: "Poetry is a science, which is limited in most aspects of literary rhythm, but it is extremely free in other aspects and is related to imagination. Imagination, because it is not bound by material laws, can combine things that are naturally separated at will, and can also separate things that are combined. This leads to illegal spouses and divorce. " Shelley also said, "Poetry has changed everything it touches." In his fairy tale creation, Andersen wrote: A young man who loves to write poems was distressed because he couldn't write good poems, so he went to a witch. The witch put on her glasses and receiver. He heard the potato singing the history of his family, the wild plum tree telling stories, and the crowd kept turning one story after another. What I'm saying here is that to be a poet, it is not enough to have ordinary people's hearing, but also to wear the poet's deformed glasses and headphones. Therefore, when writing poetry, we should not only accurately observe the characteristics of life, but also have the courage to change these characteristics. Due to deformation, the images of poetry often have symbolic significance. For example, the old horse in Cang Kejia:
You have to let the cart fill it up. You don't know your life at the moment.
It didn't say a word, but swallowed its tears in its heart.
The pressure on the back buckled into the meat, and a whip shadow floated in front of me.
It hangs its head heavily! It looked up at the front.
What is written here is not only a poor old horse, but also the indomitable spirit of northern farmers in the 1930s. "Old horse" is a symbolic image.
(III) Creation of Poetic Images Mayakovski said to young writers in How to Write Poetry: "Poetry should be vividly expressed to the maximum extent. A major means of vivid expression is image. " Eliot believes that creating images means "looking for the objective counterpart of ideas." There are many specific methods, such as: virtual and real conversion; The transformation between people and things; Transformation between things; Internal and external transformation; Size transformation; Far and near transformation; Less and less; Part and whole transformation; The transformation between history and reality; Reality and future transformation, etc.
What needs to be emphasized is that both the poet image and the landscape image in poetry are to express emotion, mood and interest. Emotion is more important than image in poetry. Without lyricism, we need to construct images at will, which can only damage poetry.
Second, what a coincidence ... >>
Question 3: Writing skills of poetry? Poetic language is the most natural literary language, which has special functions: a, lyricism, close to describing music with little function. B, organic information system, in a word, can produce magical effect. For example, Zhumen, full of wine and meat, has become synonymous with the ruling class, with many meanings and feelings of the author and readers. C, independent aesthetic value, can play. Novels can tell stories without language, and poetry cannot do without language. D. The general requirement is to express the psychological feelings of personality, and there are four specific requirements: First, polysemy, which has both superficial and deep meanings. Mainly through symbolic means. Such as pine, plum blossom, snow bamboo, Great Wall, lily and so on. Traditional symbols are too rational and form a rigid routine. There are hints, puns, euphemisms, etc The second is jumping, which exceeds any stylistic language. Because of the rapid psychological activity. Do not use any prepositions, conjunctions and other Chinese media conjunctions. Such as the cock crow in Maodian and the first frost in Banqiao. It can also be logically chaotic and arbitrarily staggered. For example, time and space crisscross. For example, in Love on My Back, the poet fell in love with an ancient beauty. The third is sensibility, which should have a sense of color, three-dimensional sense and concreteness (turning abstraction into concreteness). There are pictures in the poem. Fourthly, musicality includes both internal musicality, that is, the rhythm of emotions, and external musicality, that is, the cycle of sound (rhyme, rhythm and tone). Play a regulatory role in primitive feelings. Rhythm is the decisive factor, the rhythm of things and the physiological rhythm of people-the adjustment of breathing and the reflection of motor sensation, the regular arrangement of sound groups and pauses. A word, a syllable, a monosyllable, a disyllable or a polysyllable with independent meaning form a sound group, and each sound group is followed by a long or short pause. Ancient Poetry: Five Words &; Q factory ot; Two two one. New poetry is free and open, with unique creation and changing rules. The earliest poems can be sung, regardless of poems. Primitive lyric poetry is mainly music. In China, after Shen Yue wrote four tones in the Six Dynasties, poetry began to differentiate from poetry. However, poetry and music have the same effect. Many Tang poems were set to music. The musical function of poetry is to control primitive, rough and strong feelings, make them become regular movements, deepen poetry, attract readers' aesthetic attention, and get rid of some practical non-poetic concepts. Intrinsic musicality is the rhythm of inner feelings, that is, ups and downs, length, speed and so on. The external musicality is mainly manifested in the circulation of sound, which can be said to be the proportional relationship of numbers. Mainly: rhyming is to make the last syllable of related poems the same or similar. Keep an open attitude towards rhyme and respect the poet's artistic pursuit; As long as the inner feelings are perfectly conveyed, it is dispensable. Blank poems can express musicality in other ways, such as arranging cables. First, choose the rhyme. Similar rhymes form rhymes. At present, there are thirteen kinds of roads, namely, Middle East, Renchen, Jiangyang, Yan Qian, Fahua, Huailai, Hudui, Yaotiao, Youqiu, Sobo, Yiqi, Gusu and Mixie. The pronunciation position and opening of each rhyme are different, and the range is also different. Some are loud, high-spirited and excited, such as Jiang Yang and Fahua. Some have low loudness and heavy depression, such as ash pile, 17, etc. Choose rhyme according to emotion, and change rhyme according to emotion. Followed by rhyme. In long poems, the change of emotional flow will be reflected in the phonetic form. If a rhyme comes to the end, it is easy to give people a sense of monotony and fatigue. Rhyme can shake the spirit of literature. Such as "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", four sentences and one rhyme are fluent, beautiful and tactful, and euphemistic and touching. Once again, it rhymes. There are mainly conjunctions that rhyme-every line rhymes and every sentence rhymes-there was a requirement to distinguish between 135 and 246 in ancient times, and rhymed with it-two sentences were changed, such as letter and rhyme-the first line rhymes with the third line, and the second line rhymes with the third line. There are other rhymes, the first and fourth lines rhyme, and the second and third lines rhyme. This is the authentic rhyme of western sonnets. Changes of pitch and sound length in the process of tone pronunciation. Shen Yue's Four Tones Spectrum first studied this problem. New poetry can only be noticed. Especially when you need to recite poems. Rhythm is a musical term, which is the decisive factor of the external musicality of poetry. In nature and life, everything has a rhythm. The rhythm of poetry is the rhythm of things, the physiological rhythm of people-the adjustment of breathing and the reflection of sports feeling. Poetry rhythm is a regular arrangement of sound groups and pauses. In Chinese, a word is generally a syllable with independent meaning.
Question 4: How to learn to write poetry Many friends like poetry and are interested in learning to write poetry, but they don't know where to start. I hope we can talk about this problem. To tell the truth, I don't know what to say about this problem. I don't have a master's degree in poetry writing, nor have I received systematic training in this field. I fumble in the dark and accumulate money, so I can't tell you why. I can only give you a suggestion based on my own experience for your reference. First of all, to learn a knowledge well, you must have a strong interest in this knowledge, and interest is the best teacher. When I was a child, I listened to my brother recite Chairman Mao's poems and was attracted by cadence. When I was in primary school, I was very interested in the poems in the textbook. I think the ups and downs and neat forms are beautiful. I began to read some poems after class and tried to write my own poems. When I was in primary school, I read many classical novels, which contained many poems, especially a dream of red mansions. I read it four times after graduating from primary school, and most of the poems in it can be memorized. My interest and hobby in classical literature was cultivated from an early age, and I laid the foundation from then on. After entering junior high school, I began to be obsessed with poetry. I will try my best to borrow and read every book of poetry I can borrow. You can't read a borrowed book whenever you want, just copy it, copy the whole book's poems in a notebook or on a cardboard, and copy it as long as you haven't read it. At that time, there were some selected poems, including 1,000 newly selected poems, 300 poems in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, 0/00 poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, and a part of Bai Juyi's selected poems, and a part of Xiao Difei's new translation of Du Fu's poems, totaling nearly 1,000 poems. Later, this book, together with the poems written before 1995, was lost in the relocation of the exhibition, leaving only two envelope cards. The obsession with poetry also affected my studies, and finally I didn't even get into high school. After joining the work, I have money in my hand, and most of my salary is used to buy books, mainly poetry and history. 1992, I started to make my own dictionary with all the selected words at hand. First, make a catalogue, put together the works of the same epigraph in several books, then analyze them one by one, test the similarities and differences, and list the word spectrum. Every night after the lights are turned off, my roommates fall asleep, and I still work late into the night with the lights on. This work continued intermittently until 1995. On the basis of more than seven selected works 10000, the tone pattern of more than 400 syllables was sorted out, but it was not finally completed. 1998 after returning from Yantai, the book was packed with three or four woven bags, two large cartons and a large camphor wood box. To learn something well, we must not only have a strong interest, but also have a down-to-earth attitude and perseverance, which is the premise. To learn poetry well, you must read more and recite more, and it is best to recite those classic works. The ancients said: "Three-point poems are read in seven points." Reading should be pronounced, so as to understand the rhythm of poetry and grasp the sense of language. As the saying goes, "If you are familiar with 300 Tang poems, you will slip if you can't write them", which means that on the basis of reading more and reading more, you can fully grasp the language sense of poems, and the poems written can be fluent in language, not blunt and obscure, and you can't read sentences. The above is only the first step, which is the accumulation stage of laying the foundation. When the accumulation is deep, you can enter the practical stage. So where should the practice start? I think we should start with the ancient style. This kind of ancient style is an ancient style poem that does not talk about meter, but is relative to the modern style poem that talks about meter, including ancient style, ancient rhyme, Yuefu songs and so on. This is not only my personal view, but also the view of many predecessors in poetry, such as Mr. Huo, a leading poet in poetry. I haven't read Teacher Huo's article. I know this view of Mr. Huo from other people's articles. The so-called "great minds think alike". Why should we start with the ancient style? The first hurdle in learning poetry writing is the language barrier. The language used to write poetry is different from our daily spoken and vernacular, but classical Chinese. Classical Chinese is not easy for us to master today, not to mention that the language of poetry is different from that of prose, which is even more difficult. Therefore, I suggest that you read more classic works to enhance your grasp of language sense. The first step in writing poetry is to write sentences fluently and conform to the linguistic norms of poetry, so that it can be poetic when read. Why not advocate learning the rules first? This is because metrical rules require more language and are more difficult, so we should start with the easy ones. It's like teaching a child to run. You can't tell him too much about the correct posture and rules of running. From the beginning, you bound his hands and feet with these rules. Sorry ... >>
Question 5: How to write the composition of ancient poetry? According to people's characteristics, appropriate use of ancient poetry. For example, generous, it can be said that he is quite heroic of Li Bai, spinning a thousand pieces of silver and coming back! .
Question 6: What is a friend? Write a poem. A friend is a song.
Always play melodious music when I am sad.
A friend is a lamp.
Always illuminates me when I am confused.
A friend is a book.
Always let me find the answer when I am confused.
A friend is a harbor.
A harbor where you can rest.
A friend is a beam of sunshine.
A beam of sunshine can make your life full of warmth.
A friend is a heater in cold winter.
Warmly illuminate every cold corner of your heart.
A friend is the cup of tea that wakes up after a nap.
Moisten every happy mood with infinite sweetness.
Friends are rocking chairs in tired days.
Gently swaying to sleep for you.