"Thousands of mountains and valleys are near Jingmen, only girls are in the village". When Du Fu wrote this poem, he lived in Baidicheng, Kuizhou. This is the western end of the Three Gorges, with high terrain. He stood at the height of Baidicheng, looking east at Jingmen Mountain outside the East Gate of the Three Gorges and Zhaojun Village nearby. Hundreds of miles away, out of sight, he used his imagination to conceive a magnificent picture of mountains and valleys going to Jingmen Mountain with dangerous rivers.
He took this picture as the first sentence of this poem, which is very unusual. There is an epigram in the Three Gorges River written by Du Fu, that is, "More water will prosper the country, and Qutang will fight for a gate" ("Two Poems of the Yangtze River"). He used the word "fight" to highlight the thrills of the Three Gorges water potential. Here, the word "go" highlights the majesty and vividness of the Three Gorges Mountain. This is an interesting contrast.
However, the next sentence of the poem falls in a small Zhaojun village, which is quite surprising, because it has caused some different comments from critics. Amin Hu Zhenheng's Du Shitong said: "Wan He is close to Jingmen, and the first sentence is like a hero. It is not cooperation." This means that such a dignified sentence is only suitable for the place where heroes grow up, not for Zhaojun Village, which is not harmonious.
Du Fu just wanted to raise Zhao Jun's "gentle and graceful beauty" and write about her "earth-shattering", so he used the majestic atmosphere of mountains and rivers to contrast her. Yang Lun's Du Shi Jing Quan said: "From the perspective of the earth spirit, it is more or less solemn." It is close to this meaning. Who is right and who is wrong, and how to understand the poet's conception need to be combined with the theme and center of the whole poem to make it clear, so we will talk about it later.
"She came out of the purple palace and walked into the desert. Now she is a green grave in the yellow dusk." The first two sentences are about Zhaojun Village, and these two sentences are about Zhaojun himself. The poet wrote the tragedy of Zhao Jun's life in just two powerful poems.
Judging from the conception and wording of these two poems, Du Fu probably borrowed the words from Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu" in the Southern Dynasties: "When Princess Ming went, she looked up at the sky and breathed too much. The purple platform is a little far away and the mountains are infinite. I hope the king is abroad. " But by careful comparison, the ideological content summarized in these two poems of Du Fu is much richer and deeper than that of Jiang Yan.
A Qing poet said in Du Shi Jie Yi: "The word' Lian' is used to write the scenery, and the word' Xiang' is used to write the heart of thinking about Han, and there is a god in the pen." This is very correct. However, there are more than these two words. If you only look at Zitai and Shuomo, you will naturally think of leaving the Han Palace to marry Zhaojun of Xiongnu and living a lifetime in a strange and unusual environment. The next sentence, Zhao Jun was buried in the Great Wall, using the two simplest and ready-made words, Qingcheng and Dusk, which are particularly ingenious in art.
In everyday language, the word dusk refers to time, but here it seems to mainly refer to space. Refers to the evening canopy connected with the boundless desert and covering the fields. It is so big that it seems to swallow everything and digest everything. But there is a unique grave, with long grass, which cannot be swallowed or digested.
Thinking of this, this poem naturally gives people a kind of boundless and heavy feeling of heartless heaven and earth and hatred in Qinghai-Tibet.
"Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Yan Peikong belongs to the soul of jathyapple. " This is followed by the first two sentences, which further describes Zhao Jun's life experience and feelings of home and country. Draw sentences to inherit the third sentence, and ring sentences to inherit the fourth sentence. Because of the fatuity of Emperor Han and Yuan, people in the empresses' palace only look at pictures, and their fate is completely at the mercy of the painter.
Saving knowledge means a little knowledge. It is said that Yuan Di knew a little about Zhaojun from the pictures, but in fact he didn't know Zhaojun at all, which caused the tragedy that Zhaojun was buried beyond the Great Wall. Pei Huan's sentence is that she misses her old country and will never change. Although the bones remain in the grave, the soul will return to the country where her parents grew up on a moonlit night.
"The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness." This is the end of this poem, which points out the theme of Zhao Jun's "resentment" through the pipa tune of Hu Yin for thousands of years. According to Han Liuxi's Ming Shi, "Pipa immediately drum up Hu Zhong. When you push your hand, you say pipa, and when you pull it, you say pipa. "
Shi Chong's Preface to a Mingjun said, "Yesterday, the princess married Wu Sun, which made the pipa happy at once to comfort her thoughts on the road. It sent Mingjun to see Philly. " Pipa was originally introduced to China from the Hu people, and it was often played with Hu Yin and Hu Diao's Song of the Great Wall. Later, many people sympathized with Zhao Jun and wrote Pipa songs such as Zhao Jun's Complaints and Wang Mingjun, so Pipa and Zhao Jun were very close in poetry.
"The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness." According to legend, "Zhaojun was in Xiongnu, but he hated the son of heaven, which is a song of resentment." (Cao Qin) This couplet is written honestly and frankly, saying that people can clearly hear Zhao Jun's endless resentment for thousands of years from her pipa music.
Extended data:
Five Poems on Things is a set of poems written by Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, in Kuizhou (Fengjie, Chongqing) in the first year of Tang Daizong Dali (766). These five poems praise the monuments left by Yu Xin, Song Yu, Wang Zhaojun, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River, and praise the articles, knowledge, mind, morality and great achievements of five historical figures.
He also expressed deep sympathy for these historical figures' bleak life experiences and incomplete lives, expressed his frustration in official career and wandering life experiences, and expressed his ideals, feelings and sadness. The language of the whole poem is concise and profound.