There is a strict difference between the title of a word and the epigraph. The title of a word is the concentrated expression of the content of the word and summarizes the main content of the word. A epigraph is the name of a word tone. For example, the word "Qinyuanchun Snow" is a epigraph and "Snow" is the title of the word. In the word "Yongmei", "Fu" is the name of the epigraph, and "Yongmei" is the title of the word.
When I first came into contact with words, many friends were very confused. Why does the title of a word usually consist of two parts? For example, in Mao Zedong's "Qin Yuan Chun Xue", the first part of "Qin Yuan Chun" is called a epigraph. Literally, it hardly shows any connection with the content of the word, while the second part of "Xue" has some connection with the theme of the word. So what is the relationship between the two parts of the word title? To understand this problem, we must first understand what is a word and what is a brand name.
Ci originated in Sui and Tang Dynasties, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. At first, Ci was also called Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Qin Qu, Yu Shi, long and short sentences and so on. From the many aliases of words, we can see the indissoluble bond between words and poetry and music. In fact, different theories have different explanations for the specific sources of words. Some people think that Ci is a variant of Yuefu folk songs, while others think that Ci is a descendant of the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. No matter how the academic circles argue, the development of Ci from vulgarity to elegance and from folk to literary world is undeniable. To be sure, in the development of ci, it was more or less influenced by folk songs, rhymes and quatrains at that time. Just as poetry was originally sung with music, words were also sung with music in the early stage of development. Lyrics are usually written according to the composition of a song. The names of the tunes such as Qinyuanchun, Bodhisattva Man and Niannujiao are called "epigraph" and "tune". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many sources of epigraph names, some came from western music, some were created by musicians, geisha or poets themselves. For example, the origin of the tune "Bodhisattva Manqu" is said to be due to the fact that in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, some beautiful women were paid tribute by barbarian countries. They wore high buns, golden crowns and garlands like bodhisattvas, so the teaching workshop became "Bodhisattva Manqu". Later generations wrote many words according to this tune, such as Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man wrote a book to build a wall in Jiangxi" and so on. Since the lyrics must be out of tune, it is conceivable that during the Tang and Song Dynasties, most writers who wrote lyrics were proficient in tunes, such as Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao, who we are familiar with. They not only had flying literary talent, but also created many beautiful tunes. No wonder their lyrics still have a lingering musical beauty.
With the passage of time, the rhythm of the text gradually matures and the format is gradually fixed. The tone of each word is "the tone has a definite sentence, the sentence has a definite word, and the word has a definite tone", and it is different. According to the number of words in each tone, predecessors divided words into "Xiao Ling", "Middle Tone" or "Long Tone". Some people argue that words below 58 are minor, words between 59 and 90 are middle key, and words above 9 1 are long key. Some people argue that it is a small order within 62 words, and the outside is called "slow word", but there is no conclusion. Except for a few minor tunes, most of them are divided into two sections, even three sections and four sections, which are called "two tones", "three folds" and "four folds" respectively. The academic language of Duan Ci is "piece" or "dry" and "piece" means "all over", which means that the music has been played once. "Kan" originally meant "happy ending". The two paragraphs of a word are called "upper and lower chapters" or "upper and lower chapters" respectively, which are somewhat similar to the singing methods of several songs we have today, but the ancients are more flexible in lyrics.
With the standardization of word format and meter, many scholars can gradually break away from the music score and fill words only according to the fixed meter formed by a certain epigraph, thus making words gradually develop into a literary form comparable to poetry.
So does the name of this word have anything to do with the theme of this word? Friends who know something about music know that once a piece of music is created, its tone is basically the same, or passionate, or soothing, or gentle. So are the lyrics. Whether you want to be lyrical or figurative, you can't change the rhythm and rhythm of the epigraph itself. Therefore, before writing the lyrics, the poet must choose a tune (that is, a epigraph) that is consistent with his expression and meaning. In this way, a good word, regardless of whether the name of the epigraph is related to the content of the word, the interest and emotional appeal contained in the epigraph are always related to the poet's feelings and mood. For example, some scholars have found that Xiao Ling's "Langtaosha" has a fierce tone, and it is the most appropriate to use it to remember the past and care for the present. The syllables of "An Xi Sha" and "Dead Hua Lian" are soft, so it is perfect to write about love and scenery. It can be seen that if ancient poets want to write lyrics, they must first memorize the rhythmic styles of many aphorisms, otherwise, they will definitely make the written words difficult to read and make people laugh.
It is worth noting that there are many poets who are proficient in melody in history. They either created their own words or wrote words according to the original meaning of epigrams, making many epigrams the titles of words. For example, Zhang's "Fishing Song" is about fishermen's life, and Wen's "The Lost Son" is about women's night love. In this case, the poet usually indicates the word "original intention" under the epigraph, which means that the epigraph is also a topic, and there is no other topic. In most cases, the name of the tablet has nothing to do with the theme of the word. At this time, the author usually marks the topic with smaller words under the epigraph. "The words in the Tang Dynasty must be composed of topics, so the purpose of the words is mostly consistent with the topic, while the Song people write words because of the topic, and the purpose of the words is mostly inconsistent with the topic." It can be seen that the more later, the more alienated the relationship between epigrams and topics. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. However, no matter how distant the tone of the word is from the content of the word, it is definitely not a good word if the artistic conception of the word and the song is not harmonious.
In addition:
The origin of the inscription name
& ltP> Fishing Song: Also known as Fisherman. The title and intonation of Tang are both created by Zhang.
Xiaoxiang God: Also known as Xiaoxiang Song. ChristianRandPhillips Sacrificial Divine Comedy in Xiaoxiang Area of Tang Dynasty.
Sauvignon Blanc: The tune is taken from Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties, saying, "Sauvignon Blanc is the first, and long separation is the second". That's Tang's original name.
Wang Jiangnan: The real name is Xie Qiuniang, written by Li Deyu for Xie Qiuniang, a dead prostitute. Because Bai Juyi's ci has the words "Can you not forget Jiangnan", it was renamed as "Remembering Jiangnan", also known as "Dreaming Jiangnan", "Looking at Jiangnan" and "Being Good in Jiangnan".
Foot Golden Gate: Tang Jiaofang's original name, Dunhuang Quzi has a sentence "Foot Golden Gate into the DPRK", which is suspected to be the original intention.
Cangwu ballad: commonly known as 16-character order.
Like a dream: it was created by the Li school in the Tang Dynasty and named after the word "dream, dream".
Jade case: The title comes from Heng's Four Sorrow Poems: "Beauty gives me a splendid section, how to report the jade case?"
Klang Ganzhou: Adapted from Ganzhou in the frontier fortress song in the Tang Dynasty, Klang was named after its eight rhymes.
Niannujiao: Niannujiao, a famous geisha in the Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty, was named here.
Fairy: The original name of Tang Dynasty was Nian, but it was renamed because of the phrase "Fairy should be annoyed" in Huangfusong's ci.
Shuidiao Song: There is Shuidiao Song in Tang Daqu, which was written by Yang Di when he was digging Bianhe River. This song is a new song made by intercepting its opening paragraph.
Bodhisattva Man: Jiao Fang's original song title, also known as Midnight Song and A Cloud in Wushan. According to records, in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the female barbarian country paid tribute, wearing a high bun and a golden crown, so it was called Mandui Bodhisattva, and musicians wrote Manqu Bodhisattva.
Chaitoufeng: Take the name of "poor and lonely as Chaitoufeng" from the collection of unknown fragrant words.
Xijiangyue: The name is taken from Li Bai's Visit to the Ancient Times by Su Tai. Today, Xijiangyue is the only one who has ever taken a photo of someone in Wugong.
Linjiangxian: The original name of Tang Dynasty was originally dedicated to Xiangling.
Nan Gezi: Tang's original name was taken from Zhang Heng's Du Nan Fu, "Sitting in Nan Ge Xi, Playing Zheng Dance".
Pruning plums: It was named after Zhou Bangyan's saying "Pruning plums and opening yellow flowers".
Shuilongyin: The tune is taken from Li Bai's poem "Chuixiao Shuilongyin".
Qinyuanchun: Qinyuan was originally the Princess Garden of Qinshui in Han Dynasty, which was called Princess Garden by poets in Tang Dynasty.
Butterfly Love Flowers: The original name of Tang Dynasty was taken from the poem Butterfly Love in the Gorge by Wendi, also known as Queta and Wu Fengqi.
Broken array: the original name of Tang Dynasty, also known as Ten Beats, comes from the large-scale military dance music "Qin Wang Broken Array" made by Qin Wang in the early Tang Dynasty.
Brief description of inscription
Every word has a label. For example, Manjianghong, Xijiangyue and so on. The so-called epigraph is the name of the word format. In the Qing Dynasty, Wan Shu's Ci Gui received more than 1,180 * *, but actually there were more than this number of epigrams.
The origin of epigraph, about the following three kinds:
First of all, it was originally the name of music. The predecessor of Ci is a song with music, such as Bodhisattva Man. According to legend, when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, barbarian countries paid tribute, wearing gold crowns and wreaths (; Jewelry worn on the body), shaped like a bodhisattva, so some people sang it as a bodhisattva, and later became a epigraph. The same is true of Xijiangyue and Qinyuanchun.
Second, take a few words from the words as epigrams. If you remember Jiangnan, it comes from Bai Juyi's "Jiangnan is good ... Can you not remember Jiangnan". Nian Nujiao, also known as no return to the river, comes from Su Dongpo's "no return to the river" sentence.
Third, it turned out to be the title of the word. For example, fishermen sing about fishermen's life, waves and sands sing about big waves and sands, and leaks and rains sing about the night. Where the inscription indicates "original intention", that inscription is the title.
The vast majority of epigrams are not the original meaning of words, but the code of a word spectrum, and the title of words has nothing to do with epigrams. Ordinary people should set up another topic or quote the following words to express their feelings.
The epigraph is the name of the word format. The format of words is different from that of metrical poems: there are only four formats of metrical poems, but there are always more than 1000 formats of words (these formats are called music scores). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes, the same format has several names, just because the names are different.
Overview of mood of words
Since junior high school, we have learned a certain number of words, and each word has a epigraph. So what exactly is a epigraph? How did the inscription come from? What's special about some of them?
The so-called epigraph is the name of the tone. There was no name "epigraph" in Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the name of the tune was Qupai, so the name of the tune was Cipai. Therefore, aphorisms cannot be separated from the tone of words.
In ancient times, words were sung in tune, and the tune of words was the form of lyrics in tune. The tone composition of Chinese characters includes: 1. Adjust the name, that is, the epigraph; 2. fragmentation (Que), mostly divided into two pieces, the short one is not fragmented, and the long one has many pieces; 3. The number and number of sentences are mostly long and short sentences, and there are also neat sentences with five words, six words and seven words (such as seven words and three sentences in the upper and lower parts of Huanxisha); 4. The position and method of rhyme (some need to change rhyme in the middle); 5. The tone of the word (mainly flat and even).
There are many sources of intonation. Some are from Jiaofang District. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, a teaching workshop was set up to collect music. According to records, there were more than 300 pieces of music at that time, half of which became later pieces, such as Bodhisattva Man, Huanxisha, Jiangnan Dream Song, Magnolia, Sauvignon Blanc and so on. Picking mulberry seeds may also come from the song "Picking Mulberry under Yang" in the Tang Dynasty. There were also teaching workshops in the Song Dynasty, as well as the Great Sage House, which made music, and also collected and produced many songs. Some of them come from the people, such as Yun Naiqu and Cangwu Ballad (also known as Sixteen-character Order). Some of them were written by poets, such as "Yangzhou Slow" written by Jiang Kui, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, when he passed by Yangzhou.
As the name of a tune, epigraph has various naming methods. Some things are named after people, such as "Qinyuan Spring" named after Princess Qinshui Garden in Han Dynasty; Nian Nujiao was named after one of Tang Xuanzong's favorite maids. "Rain Bell" was when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty entered Shu, and it rained for ten days. "The bell rang on the plank road, and the emperor mourned the imperial concubine, so he chose the sound as' Rain Bell' to express his resentment" (Wang Zhuo's "Lan Feng Man Zhi"). Some are named after words. For example, there was a word "Pruning Plums" in Zhou Bangyan in the Song Dynasty, the first sentence of which was "Pruning Plum Blossoms", and the first three words were used as the title of the song. It is common for some people to use sentences in other people's words as nicknames for this tone. For example, "Qinyuanchun" is nicknamed "Dong Xian" because there is a sentence in "Qinyuanchun" written by Zhang Ji in the Song Dynasty "Listen to Jianghu friends and call me Dong Xian"; In Song Dynasty, Li Liu's ci was also called "Shouxing Ming", which was called Shoushang because of "trying to persuade guests". May this go, the tortoise is too old to wait on the king. Because Su Shi has the word "river of no return" in Nian Nujiao, later generations take the river of no return, Dajiang Ci and Juanjiangyue as aliases. Some also take the content of the words as the epigraph name, such as "Recalling Jiangnan", which is sui generis, but there are few such examples.
In epitaphs, we often see different names such as "Ling", "Jin" and "Slow", which is related to the category of tones. Ling, also known as Xiao Ling, generally refers to minor, short song and few words, such as Meng Ling and 16-character Ling. Sometimes, the word "Ling" is added to the inscriptions of some poems, such as "Bu Zu Ling" and "Lang Tao Sha Ling", which refer to the same thing. Slow down, slow down, slow down. Slow words are long, rhyming less, and the rhythm is slow. The music rhythm has the characteristics of cadence and beautiful melody, such as Slow Voice and Slow Yangzhou. "Lin Yuling" does not have the word "slow", and it is also slow. Some extend the poem to a slow tone, such as "Picking Mulberry Seeds" with eight sentences and forty-four words, and "Picking Mulberry Seeds" with nineteen sentences and ninety words. Magnolia consists of seven words, eight sentences and fifty-six words, and Magnolia Slow consists of twenty sentences and one hundred and one words. The word number of "near" is between the poem and the slow word, such as good things near and near.
According to the length, the tunes of Gu Congjing's Ci in Ming Dynasty are divided into three categories: minor with 58 words or less, alto with 59-90 words, and long tune with 9 1 word or more. This is only a relative division. For example, "operator" has only 89 words, which should also be regarded as a long tune; Niannujiao is a hundred words, and some people call it a hundred words order.
Tone can also have different changes. Some words can be reduced. For example, Mao Zedong wrote "Magnolia Road in Guangchang": "The sky is white and marching in the snow makes the military situation more urgent. On the top of the high mountain, the wind blew the red flag over the sign. Where does this trip go? The Ganjiang River is covered with snow. The order was issued yesterday, and 10 million workers and peasants went to Ji' an. " The word "Magnolia" consists of seven words, eight sentences and 56-word disyllables, and the abbreviated magnolia consists of eight sentences and 44-word disyllables, with three words in the first, third, fifth and seventh sentences. Some words can be added, such as "spread out" or "add words". For example, Huanxisha consists of seven tones, six sentences and forty-two characters, and Spread out Huanxisha adds three sentences at the end of the upper and lower films of Huanxisha, which makes it eight sentences and forty-eight characters. "Adding words to pick mulberry seeds" added two words to the fourth and eighth sentences of "picking mulberry seeds", making it disyllabic, eight sentences and forty-eight characters.
In the past hundred years, the tones of words have been increasing and evolving in circulation, and some people have counted more than 1000. Researchers have compiled the names and formats of the tones of words into a spectrum, some of which have only one spectrum, while others have several forms of spectrum, such as orthography and idiosyncrasy. When future generations write lyrics, they can write lyrics according to music scores.
Make an advertisement, My Space: /%B2%D0%D0%C7%C2%A5