Commentary: The "culture" here is a key word. The full text is all about the cultural significance of the thatched cottage, and the third paragraph has been summarized in three whole sentences. "The condensation of artistic life" means that Du Fu once wrote many brilliant poems here; A tangled point in the history of China literature is to highly evaluate the significance of these poems; Historical Observatory expresses the author's exploration of the internal relationship between "literature" and "destiny" through Du Fu, and also praises the value of "poetic history" created by Du Fu. These are all cultural contents.
2.① Du Fu used his poems to truly reproduce the history of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline; (2) It endows poetry with inherent vitality, and shows China literati's ambition to apply what they have learned and their tragic fate.
There are many talented people in the history of China, who have the ability to help the world and ambition to use it, but their careers are bumpy and their fate is bleak, so they are useless. (2) For example, Qu Yuan, who was full of sincere loyalty to Chu, was "disbelieved, loyal and slandered" and finally fell into the river.