Cao Cao’s wisdom and planning were second to none, and his military use was just like that of Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, in danger of Wuchao, in danger of Qilian, and was forced to Liyang. He was almost defeated in Beishan and almost died. Tongguan, and then fake it for a while. Kuang Chen's talent is weak, but he wants to make sure that he is not in danger. This minister has three unsolved problems. Explanation: Cao Cao's intelligent strategy far surpassed that of others. He used troops like Sun Wu and Wu Qi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, encountered danger in Wuchao, suffered disaster in Qishan, was trapped by the enemy in Liyang, and was almost defeated. Beishan almost died in Tongguan, and then he was able to claim the title of the country for a while. What's more, my talents are low, but I want to calm the world without taking any hardships. This is the third point that I can't understand. Title of the poem: "The Later Disciple". Real name: Zhuge Liang. Also known as: Wolong, Zhuge Wuhou, Zhuge Kongming. Font size: Kong Ming. Era: Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ethnic group: Han. Birthplace: Langya Yangdu (now Yinan, Shandong). Date of birth: 181. Time of death: October 8, 234. Main works: "The former is a model to the teacher", "The latter is a model to the teacher", "The teacher is a model to the teacher/the former is a model to the teacher". Main achievements: Longzhong decision-making; assisting Liu Bei in capturing Jingyi and establishing the Shu Kingdom; stabilizing Nanzhong and five Northern Expeditions.
We provide you with a detailed introduction to "Death to Tongguan" from the following aspects:
1. The full text of "The Later Disciple's Model" Click here to view the details of "The Later Disciple's Model"
The late emperor was deeply concerned that Han and thieves were not at odds with each other, and that the royal family would not be at peace.
So he asked his ministers to fight against thieves. With the wisdom of the late emperor,
measure the talents of the ministers, and know that the ministers will attack the thieves.
The enemy is strong when the talent is weak. However, if the thieves are not defeated, the royal industry will also perish. Just sit and wait for death,
Who will attack him? This is why I entrust my ministers with no doubts.
On the day when I received the order, I couldn’t sleep well,
and I couldn’t eat well. Thinking about the Northern Expedition.
It is better to enter the south first. Therefore, we crossed Lu in the fifth month,
went deep into the barren area, and ate the sun;
I must have regretted myself, and I could not have settled in the capital of Shu for the sake of the king's career.
< p>Therefore, we risked danger in order to fulfill the late emperor's wishes.The people who argued about it were said to be unwise. Nowadays, the thieves are tired from the west,
but also work in the east, and the art of war is taking advantage of it.
This is the time to advance. I would like to state the story as follows:
The emperor Ming Dynasty merged with the sun and the moon, and his advisers were deeply involved.
However, he was in danger and was injured. After danger, he was safe.
Your Majesty is not as good as Emperor Gao, and his advisers are not as good as those who are good and fair.
But if you want to win with long-term strategies and dominate the world,
This minister has not yet been solved. . Liu Yao and Wang Lang each took control of the prefectures and counties,
discussing plans and attracting saints,
The crowd is full of doubts, and the chest is full of difficulties.
This year If there is no war, there will be no conquest next year.
Let Sun Ce become powerful and then merge with Jiangdong.
This minister's two unsolved problems. Cao Cao's cleverness and planning were unmatched by others, and his use of troops was like Sun and Wu, but they were trapped in Nanyang,
Dangerous in Wuchao, dangerous Yu Qilian,
forced Liyang, almost defeated Beishan,
almost died at Tongguan, and then pretended to be settled for a while.
Kang Chen's talent is weak, but he wants to make sure that there is no danger.
This minister has three unsolved problems. Cao Cao failed to defeat Changba after five attacks,
but failed to cross Chaohu, so he appointed Li Fu, but Li Fu tried his best.
He appointed Xiahou but Xiahou was defeated. The late emperor praised Cao every time as capable,
Even with this failure, Kuangchen is under my command,
How can we win? This minister has four unsolved problems.
From Chen to Hanzhong, there were many years in between.
However, Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu_, Deng Tong, etc. and Qu were lost. There are more than 70 Chang and Tun generals, and more than 1,000 Tu generals, Wuqian, _sou, Qingqiang, scattered cavalry and martial cavalry.
These are all the elites from all over the world gathered within a few decades, and they are not owned by one state;
If it takes several years, two-thirds will be lost,
< p>Why should we seek enemies? This minister has five unsolved problems.Nowadays, the people are poor and the soldiers are exhausted, but things cannot stop;
Things cannot stop, so the living and traveling expenses are equal.
It is not as good as the current picture. If you want to use the land of a state,
and the thieves will last for a long time. This minister has not solved the six problems.
Those who find it difficult to calm down are things.
In the past, the first emperor defeated the Chu army. At this time,
Cao Cao raised his hand and said that the world was settled.
Then the late Emperor connected with Wu and Yue in the east, and captured Bashu in the west.
He raised his troops to march north, and the Marquis of Xia was given the title of leader.
This was a miscalculation, and the Han Dynasty was about to succeed. .
Then Wu Geng violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated,
Zigui fell, and Cao Pi became emperor.
Everything is like this and it is difficult to reverse it.
I have dedicated myself to death.
As for success or failure, it cannot be reversed by the wisdom of the minister.
2. Appreciation
This poem borrows the old Yuefu title "Joining the Army" to describe the whole process of a scholar joining the army at the frontier and participating in the battle. In just forty words, it not only reveals the psychological activities of the characters, but also exaggerates the atmosphere of the environment. The writing is extremely powerful.
The first two sentences were written in a side newspaper and aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of the patriots. The poet did not directly state the emergency of the military situation, but said that "the beacon fire shines on Xijing", expressing the emergency of the military situation through the visual scene of "beacon fire". The word "zhao" exaggerates the tense atmosphere.
"I feel uneasy" was caused by the war. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of a country. He does not want to waste his youth between pens and inkstones. The word "自" expresses the scholar's heartfelt patriotic passion and describes the character's spiritual state. The first two sentences explain the background of the entire incident. The third sentence, "Yazhang resigned from Fengque", describes the scene of the army leaving Beijing and setting off. Here, the poet uses the words "Yazhang" and "Fengque", which appear elegant and steady. It not only shows that the soldiers on the expedition have a lofty mission, but also shows the grandness and solemnity of the scene. The fourth sentence, "Cavalry around the Dragon City", shows that the Tang army has reached the front line quickly and surrounded the enemy castle. The "Iron Cavalry" and "Dragon City" face each other, exaggerating the war atmosphere of fighting between dragons and tigers. The word "circle" vividly describes the Tang army's military posture of surrounding the enemy. In the fifth and sixth sentences, he begins to write about the battle, but the poet does not write from the front, but uses the description of the scenery to highlight it. "The snow darkens the flag painting, and the wind adds to the sound of drums." The first sentence is based on human vision: the heavy snow covers the sky and the sun, making the colorful paintings on the military flag look eclipsed; the second sentence is based on human hearing: strong wind Howling, intertwined with the majestic marching drums. The two poems are full of sound and color, and each is wonderful in its own way. The poet has a unique expression, using the "flag" and "drum" that symbolize the army to show the strong and fearless spirit of the soldiers fighting the enemy in the snow and the tragic and fierce scenes of fighting the enemy bravely inspired by the sound of the war drum. The last two sentences of the poem: "It is better to be a centurion than a scholar." This directly expresses the ambition and pride of the scholar who joined the army to defend the border and the country. The arduous and fierce battles only increased his love for this extraordinary life. He would rather gallop on the battlefield and fight to defend the frontier than be a scholar in a study.
This short poem describes the whole process of a scholar joining the army and going out to join the war. Being able to condense such rich content into a limited space shows the poet's artistic skill. First of all, the poet grasped the most representative fragments of the whole process and made a general description. As for how the scholar joined the army, how he said goodbye to his parents and his wife, and what the march was like along the way, the poet could not leave it out. Write. Secondly, the poem adopts a jumping structure, jumping from one typical scene to another, developing and advancing in leaps and bounds. For example, the third sentence has just written "Resigning to Beijing", and the fourth sentence has already surrounded the enemy, and then shows the scene of fierce battle. However, this kind of jump is very natural, and each span leaves a lot of room for imagination. At the same time, this jumping structure gives the poem a lively rhythm, like the rushing water on the cliff, giving people a straight-forward and indomitable momentum, which effectively highlights the strong patriotic passion of the scholar and the heroic spirit of the Tang army generals. face.
3. Translation
The late emperor was deeply concerned that Han and thieves were not at odds with each other, and that the royal family would not be at peace, so he asked his ministers to punish the thieves. Using the late emperor's wisdom to measure the talents of ministers, we know that ministers will attack thieves only when their talents are weak and their enemies are strong. However, if the thieves are not defeated, the royal industry will also perish. If he just sits there and waits for death, who can attack him? This is why I entrust my ministers with no doubts.
The late emperor considered that the Shu Han and the Cao thieves could not coexist, and the emperor's career could not be settled in one place, so he appointed his ministers to attack Cao Wei. With the late emperor's keen observation and ability to estimate the talents of his ministers, he knew that when he went to conquer the enemy, his ability was weak and the enemy was strong. However, if he does not attack the enemy, the king's industry will also be defeated. Should he sit back and wait for death, or should he take the initiative to attack the enemy? Therefore, there is no hesitation in appointing ministers.
On the day when I received the order, I couldn’t sleep well and couldn’t eat well. Thinking about the Northern Expedition. It is advisable to enter the south first. Therefore, we crossed Lu in the fifth month, penetrated deep into the barren land, and ate by the sun. I must not have regretted myself, and I could not be content with the king's career in the Shu capital, so I risked the danger to honor the late emperor's wishes. However, the people who discussed it said that this was not a plan. . Nowadays, the thieves are tired of working in the west and are busy in the east. The art of war is taking advantage of the work. This is the time to advance. I would like to state the matter as follows:
When I accepted the appointment, I could not sleep well and my food was tasteless. If you think of going to the Northern Expedition, you should first go to the South. Therefore, in the fifth month, we crossed the Lu River and penetrated into the barren land. It took two days to have a meal. It was not that I didn’t cherish myself, but I saw that the emperor’s inheritance could not be preserved in Shu, so I took the risk. It is dangerous to carry out the late emperor's last wish, but controversialists say this is not the best policy. The enemy happens to be tired of dealing with the rebellion in the border counties in the west, and has to deal with Sun Wu's attack in the east. The art of war requires taking advantage of the enemy's fatigue to launch an attack. Now is the time to advance quickly! Now I would like to state these things as follows:
The Emperor Gao Ming merged with the sun and the moon, and his advisers were deeply involved. Today, Your Majesty is not as good as Emperor Gao, and his advisers are not as good as those who are good and fair. However, he wants to win with long-term strategies and control the world. There is no explanation for this minister.
The wisdom of Emperor Gaozu can be compared with that of the sun and the moon. His advisers were knowledgeable and had far-reaching strategies, but they still had to go through hardships, be traumatized, and encounter dangers before they could find peace. Now, His Majesty is not as good as Emperor Gaozu, and his advisers are not as good as Zhang Liang and Chen Ping. Instead, he wants to use a long-term stalemate strategy to win and calm the world. This is the first point that I cannot understand.
Liu Yao and Wang Lang each took control of the prefectures and counties, discussed the plan of peace, and attracted the saints. The crowd was filled with doubts and difficulties. They would not fight this year or conquer next year, so that Sun Ce could become powerful, so they merged Jiangdong, this minister has two unsolved problems.
Liu Yao and Wang Lang each occupied prefectures and counties. When discussing security strategies, they often quoted the words of ancient sages. Everyone was filled with doubts and fears. They would not go to war this year and not conquer next year. Let Sun Ce become stronger safely and finally annex Jiangdong. This is the second point that my subordinates cannot understand.
Cao Cao’s wisdom and planning were second to none, and his military use was just like that of Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, in danger of Wuchao, in danger of Qilian, and was forced to Liyang. He was almost defeated in Beishan and almost died. Tongguan, and then fake it for a while. Kuang Chen's talent is weak, but he wants to make sure that he is not in danger. This minister has three unsolved problems.
Cao Cao’s intelligent strategy far surpassed that of others. He used troops like Sun Wu and Wu Qi, but he was embarrassed in Nanyang, encountered danger in Wuchao, suffered disaster in Qishan, and was trapped by the enemy in Liyang. Forced, almost defeated in Beishan, almost died in Tongguan, and then he had to claim the title of the country for a while. What's more, my talents are low, but I want to calm the world without taking any hardships. This is the third point that I can't understand.
Cao Cao failed to defeat Changba after five attacks, and failed to cross Chaohu. He appointed Li Fu, but Li Fu tried his best, and appointed Xiahou, but Xiahou was defeated. Every time the late emperor said that Cao Cao was capable, he still failed like this. Kuangchen and his subordinates, how can they do it? Win? This minister has four unsolved problems.
Cao Cao attacked Changba five times but failed; he tried to cross Chaohu four times but failed, so he appointed Li Fu, who conspired against him; he appointed Xiahou Yuan, but Xiahou Yuan was defeated and died. The late emperor often praised Cao Cao for his ability, but he still had these setbacks. What's more, the talents of his subordinates were inferior. How could he guarantee victory? This is the fourth point that I cannot understand.
Since I arrived in Hanzhong, in the middle of the year, I lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu_, Deng Tong, etc., as well as more than 70 Qu Chang and Tun generals. There are more than a thousand people, including sudden generals, Wuqian, _sou, Qingqiang, scattered cavalry and martial cavalry. These are all the elites from all over the world gathered within a few decades, and they are not owned by one state. If it takes more than a few years, two-thirds will be lost. How can we use it to fight against the enemy? This minister has five unsolved problems.
It has only been one year since my ministers stationed in Hanzhong. During this period, they lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu_, Deng Tong and other generals and generals of the tribe, There are more than 70 generals in the garrison, and more than 1,000 soldiers such as Tujiang, Wuqian, _sou, Qingqiang, Sanqi and Wuqi. These are elite forces accumulated from all over the past few decades, and cannot be possessed by one state or county. If it takes a few more years, two-thirds of the original force will be lost. What will we do to deal with it then? Where are the enemies? This is the fifth point that I cannot understand.
Nowadays, the people are poor and the soldiers are exhausted, but things cannot stop; things cannot stop, so the living and traveling expenses are equal. But it is not as good as the present picture. If you want to use the land of a state to fight against the thieves for a long time, this minister has not solved the six problems.
Nowadays, the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, but the war cannot stop; the war cannot stop, so the labor cost of waiting for the enemy to attack and going out to attack the enemy are exactly the same. Instead of taking advantage of this moment to attack the enemy, you want to use Yizhou to maintain a long-term stalemate with the enemy. This is the sixth point that I cannot understand.
Those who find it difficult to calm down are things. In the past, the first emperor was defeated by Chu. At this time, Cao Cao raised his hand and said that the world was settled. Then the late emperor connected with Wu and Yue in the east, captured Bashu in the west, raised his troops to march north, and appointed the Marquis of Xia as the leader. This was a miscalculation, and the Han Dynasty was about to succeed. Then Wu Geng violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell, and Cao Pi became emperor. Everything is like this, and it can never be reversed. I have dedicated myself to death and died. As for success or failure, it cannot be reversed by the wisdom of the minister.
The most difficult thing to judge is war. When the late emperor was defeated in Chu, Cao Cao clapped his hands and cheered, thinking that the world had been peaceful. However, later the late emperor made peace with Sun Wu in the east, gained the land of Bashu in the west, and sent troops to the Northern Expedition. Xiahou Yuan lost his head; this was Cao Cao's miscalculation. It seems that the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty is about to succeed. However, Sun Wu later violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated and killed, the late emperor was defeated again in Zigui, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor. Everything is like this and difficult to predict. All I can do is try my best until I die. As for whether the attack on Wei and Xinghan will be a success or a failure, smooth or difficult, that is beyond the intelligence of the ministers.
4. Notes
Han: refers to Shu Han.
Thief: refers to Cao Wei. In ancient times, enemies were often called thieves.
Pianan: It means that the dynasty is in one place and feels safe.
Which and: particle.
Entering the South: Refers to Zhuge Liang going deep into the south to pacify the affairs of the four counties.
Combined day: two days of cooperation and one day.
Gu: There is a meaning of "but" here.
Shu Capital: This refers to the territory of Shu and Han.
Dissenters: Refers to the officials who expressed different opinions on Zhuge Liang's decision to launch the Northern Expedition.
Progressive trend: moving forward quickly.
Gao Di: Liu Bang's posthumous title was "Gao Di" after his death.
Union: parallel.
Abyss: refers to extensive knowledge and unpredictable strategies.
Being traumatized: being traumatized. Zhang Liang, the famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was known as the "Three Heroes of the Early Han Dynasty" together with Xiao He and Han Xin.
Ping: Chen Ping, the famous counselor of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. Later he became prime minister.
Long-term strategy: a long-term stalemate plan.
Sit: sit quietly.
Unsolved: Can’t understand. Hu Sansheng believes that "jie" should be read as "lax". If it is not solved, it means that you do not dare to slack off. Both theories are acceptable.
Liu Yao: courtesy name Zhengli, served as the governor of Yangzhou in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Forced by the Huainan warlord Yuan Shu, he crossed the Yangtze River south. He was soon defeated by Sun Ce and surrendered to Yuzhang (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province). Later, he was attacked and killed by the powerful Zuo Rong. There is a biography in "Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu".
Wang Lang: named Jingxing, he was the prefect of Kuaiji (the seat of his rule is now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. When Sun Ce's forces entered Jiangsu and Zhejiang, he was defeated and surrendered. Later, he was recruited by Cao Cao and served in Cao Wei.
Sun Ce: Zi Bo Fu, Sun Quan’s eldest brother. After the death of his father Sun Jian, he borrowed Yuan Shu's troops to annex the Jiangnan area and laid the foundation for the establishment of the Sun Wu regime. He was assassinated and died soon after.
Jiangdong: refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Xujue: The meaning of extreme transcendence.
Sun: Refers to Sun Wu, who was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a general of the State of Wu. He was good at using soldiers and wrote thirteen articles on the art of war.
Wu: Refers to Wu Qi, a representative figure of military strategists and Legalists during the Warring States Period. He served in Lu, Wei, and Chu successively, and wrote "Wu Zi's Art of War".
Trapped in Nanyang: In the second year of Jian'an, Cao Cao was defeated by Zhang Xiu in Wancheng (now Nanyang City, Henan Province, the seat of Nanyang County in the Han Dynasty), and was targeted.
Danger at Wuchao: In the fifth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao had a stalemate in Guandu. Due to lack of food, they persisted in retreating under the persuasion of Xun_ and others, and later burned Yuan Shao's house in Wuchao. Only with the grain and fodder in the village could we win a narrow victory.
Dangerous in Qilian: The "Qilian" here, according to Hu Sansheng, may refer to Qishan Mountain near Ye (southeast of today's Ci County, Hebei Province). At that time, Cao Cao besieged Ye and Yuan Shao's youngest son Yuan Shang was defeated. Guarding Qishan (south of Ye), Cao Cao was defeated again, and also surrounded Ye City, and was almost shot by Yuan General's ambushes.
Forced in Liyang: In May of the seventh year of Jian'an, Yuan Shao died. Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang stood firm in Liyang (today's east of Junxian County, Henan), and Cao Cao was unable to defeat him in consecutive battles.
Jibaishan: The matter is unknown. It may mean that in the 24th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao led his army out of Xiegu to Yangping Beishan (today's west of Mian County, Shaanxi Province) to compete with Liu Bei for Hanzhong. The enemy was in danger, and Cao Cao's army was disheartened, so he withdrew back to Chang'an.
Death in Tongguan: In the 16th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao, Ma Chao and Han Sui fought at Tongguan. They encountered Ma Chao's army on the Yellow River. Cao Cao took refuge in a boat, and Ma Chao's cavalry chased and shot him along the river. Almost, almost.
False conclusion: This is the statement that the Cao family unified northern China and claimed the title of the country. Zhuge Liang regarded the Shu-Han as the orthodoxy, because he dismissed Cao Wei as "pseudo".
Changba: also known as Chang_. In the fourth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei attacked Xuzhou, Donghai Changba rebelled against Cao Cao, and many counties and counties surrendered to Liu Bei.
Siyue Chaohu: Cao Wei used Hefei as a military center, and Chaohu was to the south. Sun Wu fortified Xurukou on the edge of the Yangtze River south of Chaohu, and the two sides fought in this area many times.
Li Fu: In the fourth year of Jian'an, the cavalry general Dong Cheng contacted generals Wu Zilan, Wang Zifu and Liu Bei to plot to kill Cao Cao according to the secret edict of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. The incident was revealed and Dong Cheng, Wu Zilan, Wang Fu and others were killed. . "Li Fu, Gai Wangfu. It refers to Xiahou Yuan. Cao Cao sent Xiahou Yuan to guard Hanzhong. After Liu Bei captured Yizhou, he sent troops to Hanzhong in the 24th year of Jian'an. Shu general Huang Zhong killed Xiahou Yuan at Dingjun Mountain in Yangping Pass (southeast of today's Mian County, Shaanxi Province). .
Hanzhong: The name of the county is named after the upper reaches of the Han River (Mian River), and its administrative location is Nanzheng (today’s east of Hanzhong County, Shaanxi Province).
Year: 1st anniversary.
Tujiang, Wuqian: charging generals in the Shu army.
_Sou, Qingqiang: ethnic minority troops in the Shu army. >Scattered cavalry and martial cavalry are both names for cavalry.
Picture: Deal with.
Ping: Same as "comment". , Judgment.
Defeat to Chu: Refers to the thirteenth year of Jian'an, when Cao Cao's army went south and Liu Bei was defeated at Changban in Dangyang.
Hanshou: clap your hands.
Hai Ding: Yi Ding, already, the same as "Yi".
To hand over your head.
Guan Yu: word cloud. Chang, a general of the Shu Han Dynasty, guarded Jingzhou when Liu Bei entered Sichuan. In the 24th year of Jian'an, he attacked Cao Wei, captured Xiangyang, captured Yu Jin, killed Pang De, and shocked the Central Plains. Sun Quan took the opportunity to use Lu Meng's plan to attack Jingzhou and captured Guan Yu and his son. , Lost and fallen, metaphorical failure.
Cao Pi: Zihuan, Cao Caozi. In AD, he deposed Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty as Duke of Shanyang and established Wei Dynasty as Emperor Wen of Wei. Adverse view: foreseeing, predicting. Refers to "doing one's best" for state affairs.
Sharpness: means success or difficulty.
Seeing: also means "anticipating". .
V. Zhuge Liang’s other poems
“The Master Before”, “The Master After”, “The Master before” 6. Background
AD 223. When Liu Bei died of illness, he entrusted Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang stepped up preparations for the Northern Expedition in terms of politics, diplomacy, economy, and military. Diplomatically, he sent envoys to join Wu; he kept a low profile and did not respond to Wei's letter of surrender, and used a low profile to paralyze the enemy. . Politically, the military and political powers were highly concentrated, and "politics were determined by the law regardless of the details." They worked hard to win over the indigenous landowners, ease the host-object conflict, eliminate the bad government that Liu Zhang's laws did not work, set an example, accept advice with an open mind, and mobilize the country's strength to engage in the war. First, we should resolutely work with the people, vigorously develop agricultural production, produce more grain, increase reserves, protect water conservancy projects, develop salt cooking, brocade and other handicrafts, expand financial sources, wait for opportunities to put down the rebellion in Nanzhong, organize military affairs, and train. Troops.
After Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, the northern expedition to Wei was put on the agenda. Liu Bei's group's ultimate goal was to conquer the world.
Zhuge Liang saw that Wei's economy would gradually recover, and prolonging the time would be detrimental to Shu. An early Northern Expedition could give full play to his own advantages in governing the country and the army. Moreover, after his death, no one in Shu would be able to cross the Central Plains and compete with the great powers. Therefore, he believed that the only option was to Only by using it personally can we hope to encroach on and eventually defeat the Wei State. We can also repay Liu Bei's kindness in knowing the situation. For this reason, we are determined to launch the Northern Expedition, and we will "undefeat our troops and show off our military power repeatedly" and persevere to the end.
In the spring of 228 AD, Zhuge Liang led his army in the Northern Expedition to Wei in the "Execution of the Army". After occupying the three counties of Longyou, the Shu army ended the first Northern Expedition with the defeat of Jieting and Jigu. In the eleventh month of winter, Zhuge Liang learned that the Wei army Cao Xiu was defeated in the attack on Wu, and that Zhang Jia was heading eastward, and that Guanzhong was weak. So he wrote the "Later Departure of the Division" and determined to make another northern expedition. He quickly led tens of thousands of troops to leave the pass and besieged Chencang via the ancient road.
Poems of the same dynasty
"Viewing the Sea", "Dan Ge Xing", "The Turtle Lives Longevity", "Walking in the Bitter Cold", "Walking in the Haoli", "Walking out of Xiamen" "In October in Winter", "The Turtle Lives Longevity", "Step Out of the Summer Gate to Show Beauty", "The Qi Comes out to Sing", "Sang on the Mosque".
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