Later, with the development of the times, the progress of economy and culture, the participation of literati and other factors, the content and style of "poetry" also developed continuously. In the Tang Dynasty, metrical poems with strict restrictions on the number of lines, the number of words and the level of words became the mainstream of poetry. There are two main types of metrical poems: metrical poems and quatrains. There are eight sentences in each section, with five to seven words in each sentence. Each quatrains four sentences, is half of the poem. "Never, never." We can understand it as follows: a metrical poem is a quatrain if it is cut in half. Rhyme and quatrains also pay strict attention to the level of syllables and the antithesis of upper and lower sentences. When we usually say "Tang poems", we generally refer to these poems. Please compare the following two poems:
Send Du Shaofu's Ren Shuchuan (Five Laws) to Zygomatic Quelou (Five Musts).
Wang Zhihuan, Wang Bo
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (dual)
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. Climb higher and you can enjoy more magnificent scenery.
After all, the world is just a small place. (antithesis)
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? Children are holding towels!
2. Ci: It is also a kind of verse, developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs, which began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. It was originally a kind of lyrics sung by music, so it was also called "Quzi Ci". In order to facilitate singing, the length of sentences varies with the tune, so they are also called long and short sentences. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, poets who were familiar with melody wrote words according to the rhythm of music score, which was called "Ci". Later, ordinary poets ignored the melody and only filled in the words of previous works, gradually separating words from music and becoming a pure literary form and a unique style of poetry. There are two kinds of words: poetry and slow words, which are generally divided into two parts.
"Ci" also has a fixed format, which limits the number of sentences, the number of words and the level of words, but it is not as strict as metrical quatrains. The most obvious difference between "poetry" and "poetry" is the variety of sentence patterns, and sometimes a word is a sentence. Modern poetry also has long sentences and short sentences, but they are different from "words". The length of modern poetry is completely free, and the number of lines, the number of words and the format of words are fixed. )
In addition, the language of writing is closer to spoken language and easier to understand. It is longer than expressing tender and lingering feelings.
The symbol of different styles of "Ci" is "epigraph". Such as "Bodhisattva Xia", "Divination Symbol" and "Manjianghong". Each "epigraph" represents a specific rhythm, which was recorded by the ancients with "music score", which is equivalent to the current music score. It's just a long time ago, and now no one can understand it. We can only learn about the sentence structure and hierarchical changes of words.
Even so, "Ci" is only a kind of literature, and its light is enough to make the Chinese nation proud.
Now enjoy two words with you:
Magpie fairy. Qixi Festival；Chinese Valentine's Day
(Qin Guan)
The thin clouds in the sky are changing, the meteors in the sky convey the sadness of acacia, and the endless galaxy I quietly crossed tonight. On the seventh day of autumn dew and autumn, it is time to meet, mostly those who are together in the world, but the appearance of husband and wife.
Tender as water, like a dream, you can go home from the bridge! If two people have a long-term relationship, sooner or later!
Yijianmei
(Li Qingzhao)
Lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building.
Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.
3. fu. It is a style in ancient China, emphasizing literary talent and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose. Its characteristic is "writing with things instead of text". Focus on writing scenery, borrowing scenery to express feelings. It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Represented by Qu Yuan? Quot "Sao style" is the transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao fu"; The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty and became "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang Dynasty, the parallel style was changed to the regular style, which was called "Rhyme". In the Song Dynasty, Fu was written in the form of prose, which became "Wen Fu".
4. Parallel prose. This style originated in the Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and prevailed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It uses four words and six sentences to define sentences alternately, which is called "Si Liu Wen" internationally. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content because of accommodating sentences and piling up rhetoric. After Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined.
Others are for reference, and your approval is the motivation for my answer. Please adopt it.
(3) say. The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. Not far from the theory. So later collectively referred to as argumentative essays. Such as young chinese, Ma, Borrowing Books, Teachers, Snake Catcher, etc.
(4) commemoration. Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on.
(5) Sparse. It means detailed report.
(6) table. Just stating a point or something. Such as Zhuge Liang's "model".
(7) countermeasures. In the ancient exam, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures. For example, Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategy".
(8) Preface and postscript. Foreword is also called "preface" and "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface" It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. Preface is usually written in front of a book or an article (some are written at the back), and what is written at the back of the book is called postscript or post? quot。 This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to its content. Explaining the purpose, style and content of writing belongs to expository writing, and commenting on the author's works or explaining problems belongs to argumentative writing. Scream, Postscript of Nanlu Guide, Biography of Lingguan.
(9) Gift orders. Stylistic name. In ancient times, farewell was in poetry. Set and make an order for it, which is called a gift order. There are many words of praise, approval or encouragement. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Dongyang
(10) inscription. In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or state merits were called "Ming". The inscription engraved on the card and placed on the right side of the case to protect itself is called "motto". Such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription". The epitaph is engraved on the stone tablet, describing the life of the deceased and commemorating him. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou.
(1 1) eulogy. Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to cherish the memory of the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law".
(12) Miscellaneous notes. Including:
(1) Miscellaneous Notes on Mountains, Scenery and Personnel. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai".
(2) Precautions. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on. Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles.
(13) Travel Notes. Travel notes are a form of prose describing travel experiences. Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as
"Yueyang Tower" and "You Bao Chan"; There are scientific colors, such as Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges; Some are lyrical, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond.
(14) Legend. One of the novel genres. Named for its bizarre and magical plot. Generally used to refer to short stories written in classical Chinese by people in Tang and Song Dynasties. Such as Biography of Liu Yi and Biography of Conan.
Application of style
Oath: It is a style in ancient China, one of the most common applied styles in the pre-Qin period, and it also has a certain influence on later generations. In Wen Xin Diao Long, there is an article "Zhu Meng", which lists the oath as a "rhyme article" and is highly valued.
Parallel Prose: In the Six Dynasties, the poems written by literati on the orders of the emperor were called "Ying Zhao", and in the Tang Dynasty, the poems written on the orders of the emperor were called "Ying Zhi". Because "practical writing" is mostly parallel prose, later people call it parallel prose. Although this kind of articles are empty in content and dedicated to praise, they are not helpful to national politics and world affairs, but they can win the joy of the rulers and gain the honorary status of the authors, which is of great use to those literati who want to mix official positions.
"Policy Questions" and "Countermeasures" were the earliest formal examination styles in ancient China.
Ballad prediction and poetry prediction: there was no completely unified name for poetry prediction in ancient times. In the history books, this kind of poems are mostly recorded by the "five elements", which are generally called "poetic magic", "poetic difference" and "poetic prophecy". For the convenience of discussion, we divide the prediction of ancient poetry into two types: ballad prediction and poetry prediction. The so-called "ballads and prophecies" in this paper refer to those prophecies that spread among the people and predict the future social and political situation in the form of ballads. "Poetry prophecy" refers to poems written by some poets, which predict their own future destiny.