1. Different cognitive processes: perceptual knowledge is people's direct perception and experience of the objective world through the senses, including various sensory experiences such as vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste. Perceptual knowledge is intuitive and concrete, which directly reflects the external image and characteristics of things. Rational knowledge is a kind of thinking activity that people carry out through thinking, analysis and synthesis on the basis of perceptual knowledge.
2. Different cognitive contents: perceptual knowledge mainly reflects the external image, phenomenon and individual characteristics of things. It is concrete and intuitive, and it is the result of things directly acting on people's senses. Rational knowledge is the abstraction and generalization of perceptual knowledge, which reflects the essence, internal relations and regularity of things and forms thinking contents such as concepts, categories and theories.
3. Different cognitive results: The result of perceptual knowledge is to form an intuitive impression and feeling of things, which is scattered and one-sided and cannot form a complete cognitive system. The result of rational cognition is to form a systematic and complete cognitive system, which can reveal the essence, internal relations and regularity of things and form scientific theories, philosophical thoughts and various disciplines.
Similarity between perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge;
1, all from practice: both perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge are inseparable from practical activities. In the interaction with the outside world, people form their understanding of things through direct sensory perception or indirect understanding of thinking.
2. Both of them are components of the cognitive process: perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge are two important stages in the process of human cognition, which are interrelated and influence each other. Perceptual knowledge is the basis of rational knowledge, and rational knowledge is the deepening and development of perceptual knowledge.
3. Both of them have the unity of subjectivity and objectivity: perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge are the reflection of subjective consciousness on objective things. Although they are different in form and content, they all contain the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, which not only reflects the cognitive characteristics of the subject, but also reflects the essence and law of the object.