(2) Graphic design terms:
1. Harmony: In a narrow sense, harmonious graphic design is unity and contrast, and the two are not boring or chaotic. Broadly speaking, when judging the relationship between two or more elements or parts, the feelings and consciousness of each part are a whole coordinated relationship. 2. Contrast: also known as contrast, two elements with great qualitative or quantitative contrast are successfully arranged together, which makes people feel distinct and strong, has a sense of unity, makes the subject more distinct and works more active. 3. Symmetry: suppose a vertical line is set in the center of a graph, and the graph is divided into two equal parts, and the graphs of the left and right parts are completely equal. This is a symmetrical figure. 4. Balance: physically speaking, it refers to the weight relationship; In graphic design, it refers to the balance between distribution function and visual judgment according to the shape, size, weight, color and material of the image. 5. Proportion: refers to the quantitative relationship between parts or parts and the whole. Proportion is an important factor that constitutes the size of all units and the arrangement and combination of units in the design. 6. Center of gravity: The center of the picture is the center of vision. The change of the outline of the picture, the convergence and divergence of graphics, and the distribution of color or light and shade can all affect the visual center. 7. Sense of rhythm: sense of rhythm, with a sense of time, refers to the sense of movement generated when the same element is repeated in the composition design. 8. Rhythm: Simple unit combination and repetition tend to be monotonous in plane composition, and regularly changing images or color groups are arranged in a number ratio and equal proportion, thus generating a sense of melody of music and becoming rhythm.
(C), the elements of graphic design
1. Conceptual elements, the so-called conceptual elements, are those things that don't actually exist and can't be seen, but people's consciousness can feel them. For example, when we see a sharp figure, we feel that there is a point on it and an edge line on the outline of the object. Conceptual elements include: point, line and surface. 2. Visual elements: conceptual elements will be meaningless if they are not reflected in the actual design. Conceptual elements are usually embodied by visual elements, which include the size, shape and color of graphics. 3. Relational elements: How to organize and arrange visual elements on the screen depends on relational elements. Including: direction, position, space, center of gravity, etc. 4. Practical elements: meaning, content, purpose and function of design. Here is a detailed introduction to the composition of graphic design.
(1) Images of points, lines and surfaces are external features of objects and are visible. Image includes all parts of visual elements, and all conceptual elements, such as points, lines and surfaces, also have their own images when they are seen in the picture. Basic form in graphic design: in graphic design, it consists of a group of identical or similar images, and each unit becomes a basic form and is the smallest unit. The best composition effect can be obtained by arranging and combining according to certain composition principles. 1. Combination: In composition, due to the basic combination, there is a combination relationship between shapes, mainly including: 2. Separation: there is a certain distance between shapes that are not in contact. 3. Contact: The edges between shapes are just tangent. 4. Overlapping: There is an overlapping relationship between shapes, resulting in a spatial relationship of up and down, front and back, left and right. 5 transparent overlap: the transparency between shapes overlaps each other, but it does not produce the spatial relationship between the top and bottom. 6. Combination: Shape and shape are combined with each other to form a larger new shape. 7. subtraction: the shapes cover each other and the covered areas are cut off. 8. Overlapping: The shapes overlap with each other, and new shapes are generated where they overlap. 9. Coincidence: The shapes overlap each other and become one.
(2) Gradient Gradient is an effect I often hear. In nature, we can experience it for ourselves. On the way, we will feel the gradual change of trees from near to far, from big to small. Gradient type: 1. Shape gradual change: one basic shape gradually changes to another, and the basic shape can be from complete to incomplete, from simple to complex, from abstract to concrete. 2. Directional gradient: The basic shape can undergo directional gradient on the plane. 3. Gradient position: the gradient position of the basic shape needs a skeleton, because the part beyond the skeleton will be cut off when the basic shape changes position. 4. Gradual change in size: the gradual arrangement of basic shapes from big to small will produce a sense of distance, depth and space. 5. Color gradient: In terms of color, hue, lightness and purity can have a gradient effect, which will produce a layered aesthetic feeling. 6. Bone gradual change: refers to the regular change of bones, which changes the basic shape in shape, size and direction. The lines dividing the skeleton can be graded horizontally, vertically, diagonally, polyline and curve. The careful arrangement of gradual bone lattice will produce special visual effects, and sometimes it will produce wrong visual and motion sense.
(3) The general concept of repetition means that the same image has appeared more than twice in the same design. Repetition is a common method in design to enhance the impression, create a regular sense of rhythm and unify the picture. The so-called sameness mainly refers to the sameness in shape, color and size. Basic shape in repetition: the shape used for repetition is called basic shape, and each basic shape is a unit, and then it is designed through repetition. The basic shape is not complicated, but simple.
Graphic design common expression [2] Repetition type: 1. Repetition of basic form: a picture composed of the same basic form in composition design is called repetition of basic form, which can be seen everywhere in daily life. For example, the windows of tall buildings. 2. Repetitive bone lattice: If the shape and area of each unit of the bone lattice are completely equal, this is a repeated bone lattice, which is a regular bone lattice and the simplest one. 3. Shape repetition: Shape is the most commonly used repeating element, and the repeated shape in the whole composition can change in size, color and so on. 4. Size repetition: Similar or identical shapes are repeated in size. 5. Color repetition: You can change the shape and size under the same color. 6. Repetition of texture: Under the same texture, the size and color can be changed. 7. Repetition of directions: Shapes have obvious and consistent directionality in composition.
(4) Approximation refers to the similarity in shape, size, color and texture, showing the effect of vivid change and unity. The degree of approximation can be large or small, and if it is large, there will be a sense of repetition. A small approximation will destroy unity. Approximate classification: 1. Shape similarity: If two images belong to the same race, their shapes are similar, just like human images. 2. Skeleton approximation: Skeleton can be approximate, not repeated, that is to say, the shape and size of skeletal cells have certain changes and are approximate. Note: The difference between approximation and gradient is that the gradient changes regularly, and the arrangement of basic shapes is rigorous, while the approximation changes irregularly, and the basic and other visual elements change greatly and are more lively.
(5) The skeleton grid determines the relationship between the basic shapes in composition. Sometimes, the skeleton will also become a part of the image, and different changes in the skeleton will change the overall composition. Bones are divided into: 1. Regular bones: Regular bones have precise and rigorous bone lines, regular numerical relationships, and the basic shapes are arranged according to bones, which has a strong sense of order. There are mainly bones such as repetition, gradual change and emission. 2. Irregular skeleton: Irregular skeleton generally has no strict skeleton line, and the composition is relatively free. 3. Functional skeleton: Functional skeleton divides the basic form into the boundaries of their respective units, giving the image precise space, and the basic form can freely change its position, direction, plus or minus in the skeleton unit, even beyond the skeleton line. 4. Inactive skeleton: Inactive skeleton is conceptual. Inactive skeleton lines contribute to the arrangement and organization of basic shapes, but do not affect their shapes, nor do they divide the space into relatively independent skeleton units. 5. Duplicate skeleton: It means that the spatial units divided by skeleton lines are exactly the same in shape and size. It is the most regular skeleton, and the basic shapes are arranged in sequence according to the skeleton. Graphic design is to combine different basic graphics into patterns on the plane according to certain rules. Mainly in two-dimensional space, the boundary between the map and the ground is divided into contours to describe the image. The sense of space shown by graphic design is not a real three-dimensional space, but an illusion space formed by the visual guidance of graphics.