1:
The first type (the teacher and I understand)
Sleeping in the yamen, hearing the cold rain outside The window lattice, the wind blowing the sparse bamboos, makes a rustling sound.
I feel like the people are complaining about the cold and hunger.
I am a small county magistrate in Caozhou County. < /p>
The kindness and compassion for the common people are beyond words.
2: Chapter 2 (Someone understands)
Lie down On the couch in the official residence, I heard the sound of the bamboo forest boiling.
Does it sound like suffering people, complaining and groaning?
The grassroots officials are like thin bamboos - -The people are like the branches and leaves,
They should always be in solidarity with each other, and be in harmony with each other...
3: Mozhu:
This is Zheng Banqiao's "Wei" The whole poem is:
I lie down in the Yazhai and listen to the bamboos rustling, which is suspected to be the sound of suffering among the people.
These little officials in Caozhou County are always caring about each branch and leaf.
These two lines of poems are ostensibly about bamboo, which means: For us small state and county officials, every branch and leaf of the bamboo outside the yamen bedroom affects our emotions. The actual meaning is: Although we are just small state and county officials, every move of the people affects our emotions. It fully reflects Zheng Banqiao's concern for the sufferings of the people.
This poem was presented to him by Zheng Banqiao when he was the magistrate of Weixian County, Shandong Province in the 11th and 2nd years of Qianlong's reign. One or two sentences use metaphors to support things. The first sentence "lying in the yamen office and listening to the bamboos rustling" is written by the author lying down and resting in the yamen study room. At this time, he heard the breeze blowing the bamboos outside the window, and the bamboos rustled, and his voice was sobbing, which gave people a very special feeling. A feeling of sadness and desolation. The second sentence "suspected to be the sound of suffering among the people" is the author's association with the cold sound of bamboo. The author thought of the suffering of the common people from the sound of wind and bamboo in nature. It seemed to be the whimpering sound of the common people struggling with hunger and cold, which fully reflected the author's feelings about the common people while in the government office. Three or four sentences express your thoughts freely. The third sentence, "I am a small official in Caozhou County", is both about myself and including. It can be seen that it is all the "parents and officials" who should relieve the people's worries. This poem broadens the connotation of the poem. The fourth sentence "Every branch and leaf is always related to love". This poem not only echoes the wind bamboo painting and the title of the poem, but also expresses deep emotions. Every bit of the common people is closely connected with the "parents and officials". ! This poem by Zheng Banqiao evokes the suffering of the common people through the sound of the wind blowing and swaying bamboos, and expresses the author's deep concern and sympathy for the fate of the common people. An official in the feudal era had such deep feelings for the working people. It is indeed very valuable.
Introduction to Zheng Banqiao
Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty was an outstanding celebrity in history, the main representative of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", a calligrapher and painter famous for his "Three Unique Poems, Calligraphy and Painting". writer. His life can be divided into five stages: reading and teaching, selling paintings in Yangzhou, passing the imperial examination, becoming a Jinshi and traveling in officialdom, serving as an official in Shandong, and selling paintings in Yangzhou again. 1. Reading and teaching Zheng Xie (1693--1766 ), named Kerou, also known as Banqiao, was originally from Xinghua, Jiangsu Province. His ancestors moved from Changmen, Suzhou to Wangtou during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. They were the fourteenth generation to Zheng Banqiao. . His father, Zheng Zhiben, also known as Li'an and named Mengyang, was born in Lin. Zheng Banqiao's former residence was excellent in both morals and learning. He taught at home and taught hundreds of disciples. Zheng Banqiao was born on November 22, 1693. At that time, his family was well-off. Already in poverty, life was very difficult. When he was three years old, his biological mother Wang Fu died. At the age of fourteen, he lost his stepmother Mrs. Zheng. She was a kind, hard-working and simple working woman who gave Zheng Banqiao careful and considerate care. His meticulous care became the pillar of Zheng Banqiao's life and emotions. Zheng Banqiao was intelligent and literate at the age of three. When he was eight or nine years old, he was writing couplets under the guidance of his father and went to Maojiaqiao in Zhenzhou to study with his father. At the age of 16, he learned to write poetry from his hometown ancestor Mr. Lu Zhongyuan. At the age of 23, he married Mrs. Xu and went to Beijing for the first time. >>. At the age of twenty-six, he went to teach in Zhijiang Village, Zhenzhou. At the age of thirty, his father passed away. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and one son, and his life was even more difficult. He wrote the poem "Seven Songs", lamenting that Zheng Sheng was thirty. "No Camp" 2. Selling Paintings in Yangzhou Due to the poverty of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned his art gallery after the age of 30 and went to Yangzhou to make a living by selling paintings. He actually helped the poor and sold paintings in Yangzhou for ten years. Some travel activities. Unfortunately, Mrs. Xu's son passed away. Zheng Banqiao once wrote a poem to express his condolences. At the age of thirty-two, he traveled to Jiangxi and met Master Wu Fang and the Manchu scholar Bao Lu in Lushan. At the age of thirty-three, he traveled to Beijing and met him. The Zen Master and his disciples in Yulin were friends, spoke loudly, and were not famous, so they became famous. During his reign, he married Yunxi, the prince of Kangxi and the prince of Shen County, who was the 35-year-old guest of Ziqiongya. At the age of thirty-six, he studied at Tianning Temple in Yangzhou and wrote one of "Four Books" by hand. At the age of thirty-seven, he wrote the first draft of "Ten Poems on Taoism". At the age of thirty-nine, Mrs. Xu became ill. died.
Zheng Banqiao lived in Yangzhou for ten years and made many painting friends. Jin Nong, Huang Shen, etc. were all close to him and had a great influence on his creative ideas and even his personality. 3. Successful candidates, Jinshi and official career In 1732, Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. In the autumn of that year, he went to Nanjing to take part in the provincial examination, and passed the examination. He wrote the poem "De Nanjieyin". In order to further his studies, he went to Jiaoshan, Zhenjiang to study. Now there is a wooden couplet written by Zheng Banqiao in Biefeng Nunnery in Jiaoshan. Why should the elegant room be large? The fragrance of flowers is not too much. "In 1736, the first year of Qianlong's reign, at the age of 44, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites in Beijing and was awarded the title of Gongshi. In May, he took part in the imperial examination at Danqi in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony and was awarded the title of Eighty-eighth Jinshi. "I was born as a Jinshi", he made a special painting "Okra and Stalagmites" and wrote a poem: "I will eventually be called a Jinshi, and I will follow the number one scholar of Dangui." In 1737, at the age of forty-five, he stayed in Beijing for a year. He wanted to become an official, but failed, so he returned to Yangzhou. With the support of Jiangxi Cheng Yuchen, he married Rao. His wet nurse, Fei, died in 1739 at the age of 47. He wrote four poems in seven rhymes and presented them to Yu Jianzeng, the supervising envoy of Huainan. In 1741, at the age of forty-eight, he wrote the preface to Dong Weiye's "Yangzhou Zhuzhi Ci". At that time, in the spring of 1742, he was the magistrate of Fan County and also in charge of the small county court. In 1743, at the age of fifty-one, he revised "Ten Poems on Taoism" several times before it was finalized. , was engraved by Situ Wengao of Shangyuan. In 1744, when Zheng Banqiao was in charge of the throne, he paid attention to farming and mulberry, observed the people's sentiments, and promoted people's work. In 1746, in the eleventh year of Qianlong, he died at the age of fifty-four. Fan County was transferred to Wei County. In that year, there was a great famine in Shandong, and people were eating each other. Weixian was originally a prosperous city, but there were successive years of famine. Disaster relief became an important part of Zheng Banqiao's administration of Wei County. He opened a warehouse to provide relief. He ordered the people to receive coupons to supply goods, and also launched a large-scale construction work, built cities and ponds, recruited hungry people from far and near to go to work, and opened factories to cook porridge and feed them in large households in the city, making more than 10,000 people alive. In the autumn, the harvest was poor, and all the IOUs were destroyed. The hungry people in Weixian County went out to find food. Banqiao lamented this and wrote "Escape from Famine" in 1748. Shi Liu Tongxun went to Shandong as a special envoy to provide relief, and Banqiao followed suit. The disaster in Weixian County gradually eased, and hungry people returned to their hometowns from outside the customs. Banqiao wrote "Returning Home" to record the incident. In the late autumn of 1751, the seawater overflowed, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in the north of Wei County to investigate the disaster. Zheng Banqiao's purpose in becoming an official was to benefit the people." Therefore, when he was in charge of government, he could sympathize with the common people and small traders, reform bad government, and protect their interests in terms of laws and measures. During Banqiao's reign in Wei, he was diligent and honest, leaving no accumulation and no injustice to the people." Supported by rich businessmen in Weixian County, people embraced luxury. Zheng Banqiao advocated literary affairs and discovered talents, leaving many good stories. In 1747, Debao, a Manchurian Zhenghuang Banner and a scholar, took the exam with Banqiao. In 1748, Qianlong visited Shandong and participated in the preparations for the history of calligraphy and painting. He stayed on the top of Mount Tai for more than 40 days and was often proud of it. ". In 1749, at the age of fifty-seven, Rao's son died of illness in Xinghua. Visited Guo's Garden with Yushi Shen Yanfang. Reprint the "Family Letters", "Poetry Notes" and "Ci Notes", and print them in handwriting. In 1750, he wrote <
In 1757, at the age of sixty-five, he participated in the Hongqiao Wanxiu Festival presided over by Yu Jian, the supervisor of the Lianghuai River, and met Yuan Mei, exchanging poems with each other. During this period, Banqiao produced many calligraphy and painting works, which were widely circulated. He died in Banqiao on January 22, 1766 (December 12, the 30th year of Qianlong's reign) and was buried in Ruanzhuang, east of Xinghua City. He was seventy-three years old. Both Banqiao's two sons died early, and Zhangtian, the son of Zheng Mo, was the next in line. Painting Zheng Banqiao is good at painting bamboo, orchid, stone, pine, chrysanthemum, etc., and is most famous for his orchid and bamboo with sparse appearance and vigorous style. He advocated not following ancient methods, but following nature, and then mastering the craftsmanship to be able to express your feelings. He proposed the three-stage painting theory of "bamboo in the eye", "bamboo in the heart", and "bamboo in the hand", combining thoughtful conception with skilled brush and ink techniques. When Banqiao painted bamboo, he used the method of cursive writing to convey the "firm and long strokes", and achieved the artistic effect of "not messy when there is too much, not sparse when there is too little, breaking away from the customs of the times, and unparalleled elegance". The bamboos painted by Banqiao are vivid and have both form and spirit. The intention is to write "interest lies outside the law". The orchids painted on Banqiao are mostly orchids from the mountains and wild fields. They use heavy ink and cursive script to fully describe the splendid nature of orchids. When Banqiao paints stones, he uses the bone method to draw out the outline of the stone, sometimes with orchid and bamboo, which is extremely harmonious and unified. Zheng Banqiao's paintings brought a fresh vitality to the calligraphy circles of the Qing Dynasty at that time. The majority of intellectuals and working people regarded them as treasures and spent a lot of money to buy them, and they were widely circulated. Zheng Banqiao's Fan Painting According to legend, Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty served as the magistrate of Weixian County in his later years. One day in autumn, he went to the market incognito and saw an old lady selling fans in a daze guarding a pile of unused fans. Zheng Banqiao caught up with him, picked up a fan and looked at it. He saw that the surface of the fan was as white as snow, with no words or paintings. Now that the season for using fans was missed, naturally no one came to buy it. During the inquiry process, Zheng Banqiao learned that the old lady's family was poor and decided to help her. So Zheng Banqiao borrowed a pen, ink, and inkstone from a shop, and started splashing ink with his pen. I saw green bamboos, fragrant orchids, proud frost autumn chrysanthemums, falling snow and cold plums flying on the fan, and they were matched with poetry lines to make the poetry and painting on the fan complement each other interestingly.
The surrounding spectators rushed to buy, and within a short time, a bunch of fans were sold out