Yuan Zhen's "Lisi Si (Part 4)"
Once upon a time, it was difficult to find water in the sea, except for Wushan, it was not a cloud.
Looking back lazily at Huacong, I am half destined to practice Taoism and half destined to be a king.
Appreciation of Yuan Zhen's "Li Si (Part 4)"
Yuan Zhen was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote many poems. He divided his poems into ancient satire, Ten categories include music satire, ancient style, new style Yuefu, rhythmic poetry, and erotic poetry. This poem "Li Si" (one of the five poems) is an erotic poem. The so-called "erotic poems" refer to poems about love between men and women. Among the ten types of poems written by the author, this type is better written. And this poem "Li Si" is especially written with deep affection, passionate and moving, and has unique artistic characteristics. Among the classical poems describing the theme of love, it can also be called a masterpiece.
The most prominent feature of this poem is the use of clever metaphors to vividly express the protagonist's deep love for his lost sweetheart. It uses water, clouds, and flowers to compare people one after another. It is written in a tortuous and euphemistic way, implicit but not explicit, with profound and thought-provoking artistic conception.
There are only four sentences in the whole poem, three of which use metaphors. The first and second sentences come out of nowhere, and the metaphorical technique is so high that it is almost impossible to grasp the author's intention. "There was a time when it was difficult to find water in the sea." It is deduced from Mencius' "Those who look at the sea can hardly see the water" (Mencius: Endeavor of the Heart)). On the surface, the poem means that once I have looked at the vast sea, I will not pay attention to the small trickle. It is compared to the sea and river water. The sea is vast, boundless, majestic and spectacular. The river water is just a trickle that can be seen through the eyes, not worth observing. The writing is powerful and profound. However, this is only the superficial meaning, and it also contains profound thoughts. The second sentence uses the allusion of "Wushan Yunyu" in Song Yu's "Gaotang Fu". The preface to "Gaotang Fu" says: During the Warring States Period, the "ancestor" of King Xiang of Chu (referring to King Huai of Chu) once traveled to Yunmeng's stage in Gaotang. "I was idle and sleeping during the day, and dreamed of a woman... I would like to recommend a pillow mat. The king is lucky." This woman is the "daughter of Wushan". When she left the King of Chu, she said: "I live in the sun of Wushan Mountain, blocked by the high hills. The sky is cloudy in the morning, and the rain is falling in the evening. I am under the balcony in the morning and evening." The King of Chu looked at her in the morning, and it was true to his words, so So he gave her a temple name "Chaoyun". Obviously, Song Yu's so-called "clouds of Wushan", "Chaoyun", are nothing but the incarnation of the goddess. Yuan Zhen said, "Except for Wushan, they are not clouds." On the surface, he meant: Except for the colorful clouds on Wushan, all other clouds are not worth mentioning. In fact, he cleverly used the allusion of "Chaoyun" and compared it to his beloved woman, fully expressing his sincere feelings for that woman. The poet expresses that apart from this woman, even if she is alluring and beautiful, she cannot move his heart and win his favor and admiration. Only that woman can make him fall in love with her. The writing is passionate and subtle.
The third sentence "take the second flower bush and look back lazily" is to use flowers to compare people. It means that even if I walked into the blooming flowers, I would pass by them without paying attention, not bothering to look back. Why didn't he care to look at the blooming flowers that greeted his eyes? The fourth sentence "Half is destined to practice Taoism and half is destined to be a king" is the answer. The implication is that he saw through worldly affairs and came to practice Taoism. This is one of the reasons. Secondly, it was because he lost her beloved and never wanted to see another "flower" again. Looking at the whole poem, it is not difficult to see that the reason for "taking the second flower bush to look back lazily" is because of the loss of "Jun". The idea of ??"half-way to practice Taoism" is just an evasion.
Ancient poetry critics once said that this poem was the author's mourning poem for Wei Cong, whom he once loved, or they assumed that it was the poet's "game of intimacy with Yingying in the boudoir" (Bian Xiaoxuan's "Yuan Zhen") Chronicle")'s self-portrait. These claims lack historical basis.
The author uses various metaphors in this poem to express his deep affection for the female companion he once loved in a tortuous way. The first three sentences closely follow the theme and progress layer by layer. The last sentence is the finishing touch, Reveal the theme. This kind of writing method has a concentrated conception, clear and clear ideas, and low emotional pulsation. It is not like some works in classical poetry, where the emotions jump so much, like the montage shots in movies, that one can hardly see the clues. for example. Xin Qiji's "Nian Nu Jiao" (Yetang Hua Luo) describes the complex emotions of nostalgia and longing for the singing girl, and the emotional jump is particularly large. It sometimes writes about the "light farewell" in the past; sometimes it writes about "revisiting the old place" today, and the building is empty. Things have changed and people have changed, and suddenly he wrote about the fantasy of the Ming Dynasty, "Respecting the front and seeing again, the flowers in the mirror are difficult to break". There are many connections omitted, and the thoughts are rushing and leaping, which is quite difficult to find. Of course, this does not mean that the magnitude of the emotional jump can be used as a criterion to evaluate the quality of a work. This poem by Xin Qiji is also a well-known poem with extremely high aesthetic value.
In classical poetry describing love. There are many famous and excellent works, which have always been loved by people and aroused people's enthusiasm. For example, Wang Wei's poem "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the southern country. When spring comes, a few branches will appear. I advise you to pick more. This is the most lovesick thing." It uses red beans with a vivid image to symbolize beautiful and steadfast love. Li Shangyin's poem "Spring silkworms will die only when they die, and wax torches will turn to ashes before their tears dry up" ("Untitled"). It uses a spirit of perseverance to the end to express the sincerity of love, which will never change. The two sentences "Once upon a time, the sea was difficult for water, except for Wushan, it was not clouds" are different from Wang and Li's poems about love. They use a vivid metaphor of absolute affirmation and negation. To express sincerity and devotion to love.
Precisely because it is unique, it can arouse strong outcry from people who have lost their loved ones due to various reasons. Someone wrote these two lines of poetry in literary works. Some people also write letters to express their infatuation for each other. This fully shows that Yuan Zhen's poem has great influence and artistic appeal.
The specific year of writing of this poem is unknown. It may be a self-portrait of the author's own life. It is said that the author first fell in love with "Cui Yingying" and then found a new love. Therefore, some people think that Yuan Zhen is very frivolous in his love life, thus denying the value of this poem "Lisi". I think that when we comment on the value of classical literature today, we cannot use the author's private life as a criterion for evaluating his literary works. Literary works often break through the limitations of the author's thoughts and produce huge
social effects. When we evaluate Yuan Zhen's poem, we should also focus on its positive social effects and fully affirm its artistic value. It should not be related to the author's personal life issues to belittle its objective aesthetic significance.
Source: Tang Dynasty Yuan Zhen's "Five Poems on Li Si·Four". Full poem: "Once upon a time, it was difficult to find water in the sea, except for Wushan Mountain, it was not clouds. I looked back lazily from the flowers, half destined to practice Taoism and half destined to be a king."
"Once upon a time, it was difficult to find water in the sea, except for Wushan Mountain, it was not clouds." The meaning of this sentence: For those who have experienced the incomparably deep and vast sea, water elsewhere can hardly attract them; except for the steaming clouds of Wushan Mountain, the clouds elsewhere are eclipsed.
Once: experienced it before. Once, adverb. Sutra, experience.
Canghai: The ancients commonly called the Bohai Sea Canghai.
Except: except.
The original poem uses the water of the sea and the clouds of Wushan as a metaphor for the depth, breadth and depth of love. After seeing the sea and Wushan, it is difficult to look at the water and clouds elsewhere, except for the woman whom the poet misses and loves. , there is no woman who can make me passionate anymore. The poet's "sweetheart" is said to be Shuangwen, the Yingying in the legendary "Yingying Biography" written by the poet. After the poet abandoned Shuangwen because of her poor family background, he "did not look back to Hua" for eight or nine years ("Yingying Biography"). "Sleepwalking in Spring Seventy Rhymes"). Some people say that the purple poem was written in memory of his late wife Wei Cong. Wei Cong was from a high family, beautiful and virtuous. After Wei Cong died young at the age of 27, the poet once expressed his vow not to marry again ("Removal of Sorrows·Part 3"). The two lines of poetry use allusions, which are extremely descriptive. The first sentence is quoted from "Mencius: Devoting the Heart" "Those who look at the sea can hardly be water"; the second sentence is quoted from Song Yu's "Preface to Gaotang Ode" "Ginger is in the sun of Wushan, blocked by high hills, it is morning clouds, and it is rain at dusk. Later." People quote these two lines of poems, which often refer to loyalty to love, indicating that love belongs to no one but one, and love cannot be given to others. These two lines of poems are also shortened to the idiom "Once across the sea", and can also be used as a metaphor for having experienced great scenes and horizons. Open-minded, well-informed, and indifferent to relatively ordinary things.
"It was once difficult to change the situation," for me. It is: I have read this poem and it is difficult to write it. It describes the unforgettable love of life and death.
After the sea, what should I do if there is no more water? People can't live without water. Just sit and wait for death on the shore of the water.
There may be two possibilities.
Or continue to immerse yourself in the sea of ??memory, salvage pearls and sunken stars and moonlight from the past, until The vast sea of ??the past will gradually submerge itself.
Either dig deep wells on the shore of survival and irrigate the desert of existence with new water sources. Perhaps, when the well water reflects the reflection of the person who draws the water, Will it remind him of those days and nights collected by the sea?
The waters of life continue in this way
And in the memory, the waves overlap with the waves, and the reflections overlap with the reflections. Life has complex levels and densities.
If the experience of love is like this, is it the same for other experiences in life?
After reading a very touching book, you really I don’t want to read those soulless and frivolous books anymore.
Climb the Five Mountains and enjoy the beauty of the mountains and rivers. Your heart is full of strange peaks and deep valleys. You also want to read those things that have been trampled into shape by everyone’s shoes. Is there a business mountain without wildness and aura?...
Love, reading, traveling, dating... will all have similar experiences.
The vast sea is too vast, too deep, and too profound. "It's too bitter; the vast sea is almost infinite", which is the ultimate state of life and emotion.
So, most people have never been to the sea, let alone the depths of the sea.
At most, I have just imagined the sea from a distance: maybe it is very big and deep?
Or I stood on the beach and took a look at the sea: it is indeed very big and deep.
Or pick up a few shells on the beach at low tide.
I have never really experienced the sea, so I am not picky about water: salt water is water, fresh water is water, deep water is water, shallow water is water, clear water is water, and turbid water is water.
It is the bitter love of a saint to once be in the sea and never see water again.
Unexpectedly, there is water everywhere, which is a blessing for mortals.
"It was once difficult to find water in a vast ocean." I also think that people who have been to the depths of the ocean and whose memories are filled with sea water, when they go ashore and when they look back, will they see that puddle of water? Conspicuous, clear and light spring water? Perhaps the light and clear spring water can also allow him to experience another kind of kindness, another kind of blessing? It can save his life from despair?
What's more, " Except that Wushan is not a cloud, this can be discussed again. The clouds on Wushan are the purest and most beautiful, and have a mythical color. If all mountains are regarded as sacred mountains, then the clouds rising on every mountain are mythical. Clouds, beautiful clouds, they surround the lonely mountain peaks, fill and decorate the huge emptiness of the sky, and, with the help of the wind and air currents, they will rain and snow--
Rain and snow It will turn into good water for the world.
Exactly:
There was still water in the sea,
Except Wushan, it was also clouds.
“Once upon a time, the sea was difficult to find water, except for Wushan, it was not clouds.” The meaning of this sentence: For those who have experienced the incomparably deep and wide sea, it is difficult for the water elsewhere to attract him; except for the clouds of Wushan, where the clouds are steaming and the clouds are shining, the water elsewhere is hard to attract. The clouds were eclipsed.
"Review of Huazong Lazy". He walked past the "flowers" but was too lazy to look at them, indicating that he no longer had any attachment to other women. This state of mind is by no means the unrestrained pretentiousness and hypocrisy of "walking among thousands of flowers, and no leaves stick to the body", but the sincerity of deep love and despair of all thoughts. Why is this happening? The last sentence "Half is destined to practice Taoism and half is destined to be a king" reflects the poet's lonely feelings after the death of his wife. Yuan Zhen studied Buddhism intensively throughout his life and respected the Buddha and the Tao. "Cultivation of the Tao" can also be understood as the study of conduct and knowledge. The poet missed his wife deeply and could not escape, so he turned to spiritual practice. In fact, whether it is "half-yuan to practice Taoism" or "half-yuan to be a king", they all express the poet's depressed mood, and his melancholy is consistent.
The original poem uses the water of the sea and the clouds of Wushan as a metaphor for the depth, breadth and depth of love. After seeing the sea and Wushan, it is difficult to look at the water and clouds elsewhere, except for the woman whom the poet misses and loves. , there is no woman who can make me passionate anymore. The poet's "sweetheart" is said to be Shuangwen, the Yingying in the legend "Yingying Biography" written by the poet. After the poet abandoned Shuangwen because of her poor family background, he "did not look back to Hua" for eighty or nine years ("Yingying Biography"). "Sleepwalking in Spring Seventy Rhymes"). Some people say that the purple poem was written in memory of his late wife Wei Cong. Wei Cong was from a high family, beautiful and virtuous. After Wei Cong died young at the age of 27, the poet once expressed his vow not to marry again ("Removal of Sorrows·Part 3"). The two lines of poetry use allusions, which are extremely descriptive. The first sentence is quoted from "Mencius: Devoting the Heart" "Those who look at the sea can hardly be water"; the second sentence is quoted from Song Yu's "Preface to Gaotang Ode" "Ginger is in the sun of Wushan, blocked by high hills, it is morning clouds, and it is rain at dusk. Later." People quote these two lines of poems, which often refer to loyalty to love, indicating that love belongs to you and cannot be given to others. These two lines of poems are also shortened to the idiom "Once upon a time, the sea", and can also be used as a metaphor for having experienced great scenes and horizons. Open-minded, well-informed, and dismissive of relatively ordinary things.
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