1. Prose
The victory of the ancient prose movement is also a great achievement in the development of literature in the middle Tang Dynasty. In the Six Dynasties, parallel prose unified the literary world. Although it was opposed by Li E and Wang Tong in Sui Dynasty and Chen Ziang, Li Hua and Xiao Ren in early Tang Dynasty, it rarely changed. In the middle Tang Dynasty, due to the development of social contradictions, the struggle of political thought became more and more acute, and parallel prose could no longer meet this requirement. Han Yu first launched a movement to revive Confucianism, imagining that by strengthening the rule of Confucianism, he would curb the popularity of Buddhism and Taoism, strengthen centralization, and change the separatist situation in the buffer regions. In the article, he also opposed the writing style of the Six Dynasties and advocated restoring the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Although his political ideas were supported by some people, they did not succeed. However, in terms of stylistic reform, it was supported by Liu Zongyuan and others whose political views were quite different from his, which had a great influence and formed a large-scale ancient prose movement. Han and Liu not only wrote many political articles, but also wrote many literary articles, such as biographies, essays, fables and travel notes. With their profound skill and unique style, they honed the essence of language, showed the superiority of prose in artistic expression, and finally made parallel prose lose its leading position in the literary world.
Parallel prose continued to prevail in the late Tang Dynasty, but Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Luo Yin and others inherited the prose tradition of Han and Liu, wrote many satirical sketches with fighting edge, and also showed the artistic power of prose.
2. Legend of Tang Dynasty
Legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty originated in the Six Dynasties. There are not many legends in the early Tang Dynasty, but they also have a strong influence on the Six Dynasties. In the middle Tang Dynasty, the number of writers increased and their creation reached its peak. Due to the prosperity of the city and the complexity of social life, the works also show more social real life, and the strange colors gradually fade away. The dream of fame and fortune of literati and the love between literati and prostitutes have become new themes, and some works also reveal a strong atmosphere of civic life. The plot is delicate and delicate, and the characters are vivid and vivid, which is also much more than that of the early Tang Dynasty. This is a sign that China's short stories are maturing.
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Because the emperor of the Tang Dynasty advocated Buddhism, the wind of telling and singing Buddhist stories was quite popular in temples at that time, so different scripts were produced. Later, there was a variant that told historical stories and current events. This kind of rap literature existed in the early prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it was more popular in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. In addition to the combination of singing and reading, there are lyrics that only sing and don't sing, and scripts that only talk and don't sing. These popular literature, the story is more imaginative and exaggerated, the language is more refined, and the art is more rough. But it had a great influence on later vernacular novels and singing literature. Although there are not many folk songs handed down in the Tang Dynasty, they are short and realistic, which deserves our attention.
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In the Tang Dynasty, the city was prosperous and the music was developed. A large number of singing houses and sister houses appeared, and the lyrics matched with the songs of Okoyi Lane appeared. Most of the existing Dunhuang Quzi Ci are folk ci sung by geisha in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. The content is quite extensive, including the bitterness of geisha in karaoke bars and the pain of missing women. Literati Ci began to appear in the middle Tang Dynasty. Literati Ci, represented by Wen in the late Tang Dynasty, is full of erotic content and little achievement, but it is unique in art and has far-reaching influence.
China's ancient literature with a long history developed into a new stage of all-round prosperity in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and the whole literary world appeared an unprecedented situation since the Warring States Period. Among them, the development of poetry has reached a highly mature golden age. In less than 300 years in the Tang Dynasty, there were nearly 50,000 poems left over, more than two or three times as many as those left over from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties 1600 and 700. There are about fifty or sixty famous poets with unique styles, which greatly exceeds the sum of famous poets from the Warring States to the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The victory of the ancient prose movement is also a great achievement in the development of literature in the middle Tang Dynasty. In the Six Dynasties, parallel prose unified the literary world. Although it was opposed by Li E and Wang Tong in Sui Dynasty and Chen Ziang, Li Hua and Xiao Ren in early Tang Dynasty, it rarely changed. In the middle Tang Dynasty, due to the development of social contradictions, the struggle of political thought became more and more acute, and parallel prose could no longer meet this requirement. Han Yu first launched a movement to revive Confucianism, imagining that by strengthening the rule of Confucianism, he would curb the popularity of Buddhism and Taoism, strengthen centralization, and change the separatist situation in the buffer regions. In the article, he also opposed the writing style of the Six Dynasties and advocated restoring the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Although his political ideas were supported by some people, they did not succeed. However, in terms of stylistic reform, it was supported by Liu Zongyuan and others whose political views were quite different from his, which had a great influence and formed a large-scale ancient prose movement. Han and Liu not only wrote many political articles, but also wrote many literary articles, such as biographies, essays, fables and travel notes. With their profound skill and unique style, they honed the essence of language, showed the superiority of prose in artistic expression, and finally made parallel prose lose its leading position in the literary world.
Parallel prose continued to prevail in the late Tang Dynasty, but Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Luo Yin and others inherited the prose tradition of Han and Liu, wrote many satirical sketches with fighting edge, and also showed the artistic power of prose. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the creative achievements of Ci made new progress. Under the direct influence of Wen, Huajian poets appeared in Houshu. Most of their works are beautiful and fragrant, but a few poets have changed their styles. Many of Wei Zhuang's ci poems have personal lyrical meaning, and their style is beautiful and elegant, which has certain significance. There are Feng Yansi, Li Jing and Li Yu in Southern Tang Dynasty. Their writing content is still relatively narrow, and their feelings are not healthy enough, but they are short of some rich powder. Some of Li Yu's ci poems created after the national subjugation can directly express his feelings, write the feelings of personal national demise, expand the scope of expression of ci poems, make unique achievements in art and make certain contributions to the development of ci poems.
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