Chinese name: Mulan poem
Type: Yuefu folk songs
Dynasty: Northern Dynasty
Character: Mulan
Genre: Narrative Poetry
original text
Chatting, Mulan is knitting at home. I can't hear the loom, but I hear the woman sigh. What is this woman thinking? Ask the woman what she remembers. Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember.
The military post I saw last night was full of soldiers. The art of war consists of twelve volumes, which contain the names of lords. Grandpa has no eldest son and Mulan has no big brother. I am willing to be a pommel horse in the city and sign for you from now on.
Buy horses in the East City, saddles (jiān) in the West City, bridles (pèi) in the South City and whips in the North City. Say goodbye to parents and stay by the Yellow River at dusk. I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk. I can't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I hear Yanshan Hu riding a horse.
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying. The gas of the new moon transmits gold (tuò), and the cold light illuminates the iron clothes. The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall. Policy 12 turn, before reward 100. Khan asked him what he wanted. Mulan doesn't need Shang Shulang. She is willing to send her son back to his hometown not far from Wan Li.
My parents heard about the woman and went out to help Guo; Sister A (zǐ) heard that her younger sister was coming and took care of her red makeup. When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed. Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes. When the window is decorated with clouds, the mirror is yellow. When you go out to meet your fire companions, they are all surprised and busy. After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl.
Male rabbits have messy feet and female rabbits have blurred eyes; When two rabbits walk side by side, can I tell if I am a male or a female?
translate
Sigh and then sigh, Mulan is weaving at the door. There was no sound of the loom, only Mulan was sighing.
Ask Mulan what she is sighing about. What is Mulan thinking? (Mulan replied) I didn't think of anything, and I didn't miss anything. I saw the conscription documents last night and learned that the emperor was recruiting on a large scale. There are so many conscription documents, each with his father's name on it. My father has no eldest son, and I have no brother. I am willing to buy saddles and horses for this, not my father.
Buy things for the war in all parts of the market. Leave your parents in the morning and camp by the Yellow River at night. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the rushing of the Yellow River. Leave the Yellow River for the road in the morning and arrive in Montenegro at night. I can't hear my parents calling my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of horses in Yanshan Hu Bing.
Not far from Wan Li on the battlefield, climbing over mountains and mountains. The sound of knocking came from the cold in the north, and the moonlight reflected the armor of the soldiers. Soldiers fought many wars, some died in battle, and some (Mulan) returned home in triumph.
When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor sitting in the palace. I made a great contribution to Mulan and gave me two thousand gold. The son of heaven asked Mulan what she wanted. Mulan doesn't want to be a businessman, but wants to ride a swift horse and return to her hometown.
Parents heard that their daughter was back and helped each other to meet her outside the city; When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep. Open the door in the east of my boudoir, sit on the bed in the west of my boudoir, take off my shirt, put on my former girl's clothes, arrange my beautiful hair in front of the window and mirror, and hang decorations on my face. When we went out to meet our comrades-in-arms, they were surprised to say that we had been traveling together for several years and didn't even know Mulan was a girl. When the rabbit's ears are hanging in mid-air, the two front feet of the male rabbit are always moving, and the eyes of the female rabbit are often narrowed, so it is easy to tell. The male rabbit and the female rabbit run side by side. How can we tell which rabbit is female and which is male?
To annotate ...
1. chirp (jī jī): the sound of a sigh. Just like "Haw" in Pipa, "Her first guitar note made me sigh, and now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder".
2. When the household (dāng hù): facing the door.
3. Loom sound: the sound made by the loom. Machine: refers to the loom. Raft: Weaving shuttle (Sue is not here).
4. Only: Only.
5. What?
6. Military announcement: military announcement.
7. khan (kè hán): the title of the monarch by all ethnic groups in ancient northwest China.
8. Twelve volumes of the art of war: there are many volumes on the draft list. 12 means a lot, not exactly. The following "ten years" and "twelve years" are used in the same way.
9. Grandpa: Like the "Grandpa" below, they all refer to the father.
10. Willing to be a pommel horse: Yes, for this. Market, buy. Pommel horse, generally refers to horse and harness.
1 1.jiān: the cushion under the saddle.
12. Mahler: used to control the chews and reins of animals.
13. Remarks: Leave and say goodbye.
14. Splash (jiān jiān): the sound of rushing water.
15. Good morning.
16. But smell: only smell.
17. Hu Qi (j): Ren Hu's war horse. Hu, the ancient name of northern minorities.
18. Gigi: The sound of horses barking.
19. Tian Zi: That's the "Khan" mentioned earlier.
20. Wan Li went to Rongji: not far from Wan Li, he went to the battlefield. Military aircraft: refers to war.
2 1. Flying over the mountain: crossing the mountain like flying. Degrees, over.
22. The new moon spits gold: The cold in the north conveys the sound of playing overtime. New moon, north. Gold is a musical instrument used by ancient military vigils.
23. Cold light and iron clothes: The cold moonlight shines on the soldiers' armor.
24. Mingtang: Mingtang, here refers to the palace.
25. Twelve-turn strategy (Zhu m︱n): I remember a lot of merits. Tactical training, record merit. Twelve turns: not an exact number, described as extremely high.
26. Top 100 Rewards: Reward a lot of property. Hundred thousand: describe a large number. Strong, more than enough.
27. Ask what you want: Ask (Mulan) what she wants.
28. No: I don't want to do it.
29. Shang: Ancient official names.
30. I hope to ride a thousand miles: I hope to ride a thousand miles.
3 1. Guo: Outer City.
32. Ask for help: support. Will: Auxiliary words, no translation.
33. Sister (zǐ): Sister.
Li: A comb.
35.zhuāng: refers to the gorgeous costumes of women.
36. Hoho: Simulate the sound of sharpening a knife.
37. Write: the word "wear" and "wear".
38. cloud sideburns (bìn): sideburns like clouds describe beautiful hair.
39.Post (tiē) is yellow: post is a common word "paste". Flower yellow, the facial ornament of ancient women.
40. The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred: It is said that when the rabbit's ears are hanging in the air, the male rabbit's front feet move from time to time, and the female rabbit's eyes are often squinted, so it is easy to identify. Jump, blur, squint.
4 1. Walking on the ground, I can tell whether I am a male or a female: two rabbits are running against the ground. How can I tell which rabbit is a male and which is a female? Walk beside the ground and run side by side.
42. "Fire": through "help". People who fought side by side in ancient times ate the same pot, and later translated it as people in the same industry.
43. good: read xíng.
44. Walk beside the ground: Run side by side against the ground.
Note: "Mulan Poetry" has become the 24th class of the seventh grade language edition of Chinese Publishing House and the 28th class of the seventh grade of Hubei Education Publishing House.
Words and phrases
A. Pronunciation: loom [zh ù], saddle [ā n ji ā n], head [pè i], head [ji ā n], gold [tu ò], sister [zó], jojo [Hu ò], but. Sticking [ti] yellow flowers; copy
Common words:
(1) Yellow Mirror Post: "Post" means "paste", paste, paste.
(2) Go out to see the fire companion, who is busy. Fire: Pass "help", partner.
Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
(1) Leaf: The ancient meaning refers to the father, such as: the name of a leaf; Today refers to grandpa, dad's dad.
② Walking: It means running in ancient times. Two rabbits are walking beside the ground. In this sense.
(3) Dan: the ancient meaning is only, adverb, eg: but I smell the yellow river splashing; Nowadays, it is often used as a turning conjunction.
4 Guo: ancient meaning outer city, eg: going abroad to help generals; Today it is only used as a surname.
⑤ Households: Ancient is the door, Mulan is the door; Family and family status in this sense.
6 vague: the ancient meaning is squinting, but the present meaning is vague and difficult to distinguish clearly.
⑦ Twelve: There were many imaginary numbers in ancient times; In modern times, the number is twelve.
Polysemy:
City: a. Market, for example: buy horses in the East Market; I want to be a city pommel horse athlete. Nouns are used as verbs. I am willing to buy pommel horse for this. )
Buy: a. buy (things), for example, buy horses in the east market; I want to buy a boat.
Willing: one is willing, for example, to be a city pommel horse; B I· Hope: I am willing to travel a thousand miles.
Flexible use of words:
① What is the interrogative pronoun "he" as a verb? Ask this lady what she thinks.
② Use the noun "ce" as a verb to register. Twelve changes in policy.
(3) "riding" verb as a noun, horse. But I heard the horse riding and singing of Yanshan Hu.
Idiom: confusing
Originally refers to the male and female rabbits, metaphorically speaking, it is not clear whether they are male or female. Now refers to describing things that are complicated and difficult to distinguish.
Translation of Special Sentences and Key Sentences
Ellipsis: I would like to be a pommel horse. I want to be a pommel horse in this city. This refers to the fact that my father joined the army. )
Willing to buy pommel horse for this.
(2) inversion: ask the woman what she thinks ("what does she think" is the inversion of "what does she think"). Preposition object. )
What is my daughter thinking?
(3) Wan Li to Rongji, Guanshan degrees if flying. The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron. The general died in many battles, and ten years later, a strong man returned: (Mulan) Not far from Wan Li, she went to the battlefield and flew over the pass and mountains. The cold in the north conveys the sound of playing ball, and the cold moonlight reflects the soldiers' armored shirts. The general fought many battles with strong men. After several years, some died in the battlefield, while others survived and won.
4 when the window is cloudy, the mirror is yellow: in front of the window, the hair is arranged and decorated.
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Guo Maoqian, (104 1- 1099), was born in Song Dynasty (Supplement to Chronicle of Song Poetry, Volume 24) and Yunzhou Program (now Dongping, Shandong Province) (History of Song Dynasty, Volume 297, Biography of Guo Quan). Advise sun, source. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Zongshen joined the army for Cao Fa, an official of Henan Province (Volume 59, epitaph). There are hundreds of Yuefu poems handed down through the ages, which are valued by academic circles because of their excellent textual research on solving problems. Mulan Poetry is also called Mulan Ci and Mulan Song. The author and its birth time are unknown. At present, it is generally believed in academic circles that this poem has been included in the Record of Ancient and Modern Music by Shi Zhijiang (Chen), so its birth time will not be later than Chen Dynasty, and it may be polished by literati in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It is a Yuefu folk song in northern China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It tells the story of Mulan disguised as a man, joined the army instead of her father, fought in the battlefield, returned to the DPRK in triumph, made meritorious deeds, and resigned from her post and returned to her hometown, which is full of legend.
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Hua Mulan's life:
There are two main theories about Mulan's age:
1, the Northern Wei Taizu broke the soft period to Peking University.
2. During Emperor Sui Gongdi's Yining period, Turks invaded the border.
About Mulan's name, mainly include:
1, Mulan, female name, surname unknown.
2. It is generally believed that the surname is Hua and the name is Mulan.
3. In addition, there are surnames Wei and Zhi Zhu, and some people say that "Mulan" is the surname, which is unknown.
Background:
Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army instead of her father. She fought on the battlefield for 12 years and made many meritorious deeds. No one found out that she was a woman. In the Tang Dynasty, he was named General Xiao Lie and was commemorated in a shrine. There are different opinions on the time of its emergence, but from the historical and geographical conditions, it can be judged that things and poems may have originated in the post-Wei period. This poem originated from the folk, and in the long-term spread process, it has traces of being polished by later literati, but it basically retains the characteristics that folk songs are easy to remember and recite.
Impact:
Yuefu poetry collection is an ancient institution for managing music, and it is also the most complete collection of Yuefu songs. Later, Yuefu poems were also called Yuefu, and the folk songs vividly reflected the social life and local people at that time, which were divided into two parts: southern songs and northern songs. Nanqu, that is, the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, pays attention to lyricism, flashy language, delicate words and euphemistic style. Northern songs, that is, northern folk songs, have a wide range of themes and strong, warm and simple styles. Mulan Poem and Peacock Flying Southeast in Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty are called "Yuefu Shuangbi".
A brief introduction to the editing of this Yuefu poem
Following the Book of Songs and Songs of the South, a new poetic style, Yuefu, appeared in the literary history of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. It was once brilliant and became an organic part of the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
"Yuefu", formerly the official name, is responsible for composing music, training musicians, collecting poems and folk songs for the court to sing at sacrificial banquets, observing local conditions and customs, and examining political gains and losses. China's poetry collection system has a long history, and Xia Shuyin recorded it. The Book of Songs, which has been handed down to this day, was originally a standard anthology officially promulgated and recognized by the society. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the system of poetry collection could not be implemented because of the collapse of rites and the constant battles. The unification of the Qin dynasty was short, and everything had to be done. Although there is the name of Yuefu official office, there is still no collection of poems. The Han dynasty inherited the Qin system and the economy was depressed. Yuefu organs can only learn from the past and barely maintain it. After 60 or 70 years of recuperation, by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the national strength was already very strong, so Yuefu expanded its scale and collected poems at night. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, poetry collection had become a major event in political life. Emperor Guangwu once "invited people to listen to folk stories", and the emperor sent messengers "traveling incognito to listen to folk stories in counties". This fashion was followed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the period of Xiao Liang, the society has changed Yuefu from an official name to a poetic style. Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long has a special chapter in Yuefu besides Ming poems. Selected Works of Zhaoming and New Poems of Xu Ling Yutai also set up Yuefu columns. Among them, there are both literati poems and folk songs, that is, all poems and songs that can be sung through music are called "Yuefu". Among these two kinds of poems, folk songs and poems are the essence, and literati's songs and poems germinate and grow under the dew of folk songs and poems, so we should attach great importance to them.
The system of collecting poems carried out in the gap between wars in the Northern Dynasties is in the same strain as that in the Han Dynasty. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu poetry anthology "Two Drums Blowing Across the Horn" has some Chinese folk songs and some translations. Although there are only 60 or 70 songs, they are profound in content and wide in subject matter, reflecting the broad social life, which is quite different from the delicate euphemism of southern folk songs, showing the rough and unconstrained spirit of the Northern Dynasties and showing another picture of local conditions and customs. Due to the long-term scuffle between the rulers of all ethnic groups in the north, there are many themes reflecting the war, some describing the suffering caused by the war and the corvee, and some praising the brave spirit. Mulan's poems, in particular, are legends who enthusiastically praise Mulan as a woman disguised as a man and joined the army instead of her father. Mulan and Peacock Flying Southeast are known as "double gems" in Yuefu folk songs. Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties is a wonderful flower in the history of China literature, which has a strong vitality and directly influenced the face of China's poetry. It not only opened up a new field of five-character poetry, but also played a bridge role in seven-character poetry, singing and even law.