About the details of Li He, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Li He's poems
, Yanmen Taishouxing, Nanyuan, Ma, Gyeonggi, Su Xiaoxiao Tomb, Dream Paradise, December, February, September, November, Xianren, Quhe into wine.
II. Introduction
Li He (790 ~ 8 16), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Shi Gui" by the world. Fuchang Changgu (now Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan Province) is a native. The family is rich and prosperous, so later people call him Li Changgu. Known as the "poet fairy".
Li He is a descendant of Li Liang, a royal family in the Tang Dynasty, but he is a distant branch and has alienated from the royal family. His father, Jin Su, has a low official position and a poor family. He has "fine eyebrows, long fingers and long claws" and can write poems in his childhood. At the age of 65,438+05,65,438+06, like his predecessor Li Yi, he became famous for his poem Gong Yuefu. In Yuanhe 34, Han Yu was in Luoyang, and Li He paid a visit. It is said that Han Yu and Huang Fusong once paid a return visit together, and Li He also wrote the famous Gao Xuan Guo. Li He's father is called Jin Su, and "Jin" and "Jin" are homonyms. The man who contended with Li He said that he wanted to avoid his father's taboo and refused to be a scholar. Han Yu's book Taboo Discrimination encourages Li He to take the exam, but he is helpless. "When the fan is off, knowledge and strength will be sloppy." Officials in the Ministry of Rites are stupid and hasty. Although Li He should have gone to Beijing, he failed to pass the exam and was insatiable. Later, he worked in Li Lang for three years, then resigned due to illness and returned to Long Valley. Later, it went to Luzhou (now Changzhi City, Shanxi Province) and relied on Zhang Che for some time. He was sickly all his life and died at the age of 27. Due to the frustration of his official career, Li He was unhappy all his life and devoted all his energy to poetry creation, which was full of deep depression.
During my stay in Beijing, I lived in Chongyili and became close friends with Wang Shenyuan, Yang Jingzhi, Quan Kun and Cui Zhi. I often travel together. A little slave rides a donkey with a broken tool kit. Li Heyou wrote a poem, which was written in his pocket and finished when he got home. Zheng's mother's wife often says, "It's your son's duty to express his heart." . Before his death, he divided the poem into four parts and gave it to his friend Shen. After his death 15 years, Shen asked Du Mu to write a preface. Out of nostalgia for Li He, it is said that when Li He died, he saw that the Emperor sent an angel from Fei Yi to write a note in Baiyulou in the sky. It is also said that his mother dreamed of Li He one night and said that he was writing notes about Bai Yao Palace for the Emperor of Heaven (Li Hechuan by Li Shangyin and Xuanshizhi by Zhang Du). During the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, Wei Zhuang took Li He Jinshi as the memorial and gave him a replacement. However, due to an incident in court, the performance was put on hold. Li He once edited his anthology. There is an annotated collection of Li He's poems. Li See Shang Yin's Biography of Li He, The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Biography of Xuan Shi, etc. all advocated wandering immortals and exhorted them. The poem Yan Men Tai Shou Xing was included in the reading and appreciation of Unit 6 in the last semester of Grade 8 of Chinese published by Jiangsu Education Press, and it is one of the five ancient poems in Lesson 25 of Grade 7 of Chinese.
Li He is a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and also a representative of the transition period from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems lament the untimely birth, feel depressed and express the pursuit of ideals and ambitions; It reflects the situation that the vassal region was divided, the eunuchs were authoritarian and brutally exploited the people. He likes to gallop in the world of fairy tales and ghosts, and with his bold and bizarre imagination, he builds a ups and downs artistic realm, expressing the sentimental artistic conception that the good times are not long and the time is fleeting. He said in the "General Examination of Literature": "The Duke of Song Dynasty is in the museum, tasting Tang poetry:' Taibai is a fairy and grows into a ghost. ""Old Cold Hall Poetry "said:" Li He has too white words, not too white talent. "
Third, the life of the characters.
Li He, the grandson of the imperial clan, was born in Changgu, Fuchang County, Tang Dezong in the sixth year of Zhenyuan (AD 790), a ruined aristocratic family. His distant ancestor is Li Liang, the uncle of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, and a distant relative of Tangmen. When Wu Zetian was in power, she killed many great-grandfather descendants. By the time Li He's father, Li Jinsu, was in power, he was far from famous, his family had fallen and he lived in seclusion. Li He is very proud of his noble Li Tang lineage. He mentioned many times in his health: "Li Changji, the grandson of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty", "Who is unwilling for his grandson" and "Please Cao Zhi for the grandson of the emperor". But in fact, I'm afraid he's not even a direct line of Zheng's royal family, at least his family line has long since declined.
Describing his family, Li He said, "I live in a house on the mountain with an acre of land. The night rain calls the renter, and the sound is dark. " ("Send the Wei brothers into the customs") Father Li Jinsu was hired as a "border resident" in his early years. In the third year of Dali (768), I went to work in Shu. He once met his cousin Du Fu in the police, and he has been "wandering" all his life. During the Zhenyuan period when Li He was born, Jin Su was slightly promoted and became the magistrate of Shaanxi County, but he died of old age soon. Mother Zheng gave birth to a daughter and two sons, who live in Changgu. After the eldest daughter got married, the family became poorer. Li He and his two brothers went out to make a living and wanted to fill their stomachs. "If you want to see thousands of miles away, you are willing to beat millet" ("Two Poems of Mourning in Little Season to Send Lushan Mountain"), which is desolate, can be seen here.
Li He was thin from childhood, with long eyebrows and claws, and his appearance was very distinctive. He is very clever. He can write poems at the age of seven and is good at "speed reading". According to legend, Li He was seven years old in the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (AD 796). When Han Yu and Huang Fusong visited, Li He wrote a poem "Gao Xuan Guo", which surprised Han Yu and Huang Fusong and made Li He famous in Luo Jing. Li He, a little older, rode a donkey to find a sentence during the day, explored the bag at dusk, and burned ointment. He worked very hard. Li Shangyin wrote a short biography and said, "When Heng was a child, he teased slaves, rode a huge donkey and carried an old backpack. When he got something, he threw the book into his bag and returned at dusk. His wife asked the maid to take it out. When she saw many books, she said,' It was my ear that vomited!' "。 In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), fifteen-year-old Li He was as famous as Li Yi in Beijing.
Tang Shunzong Yong Zhenyuan years (805), Li He was sixteen years old. In those days, Shunzong succeeded to the throne in spite of illness (stroke), and Wang and Wei Zhiyi were appointed to get rid of the disadvantages and bring forth the new, which is called Yongzhen innovation in history. In August, eunuchs and literary talents colluded with aristocratic bureaucrats to change Yuan Yongzhen, forcing Shunzong to abdicate due to illness, and the New Deal failed. The following year, Shunzong died of illness. Tang people (Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, etc. There is an allusion in their poems that Shunzong did not die of illness, but was killed. When Li He became an adult, he learned about it and wrote a satirical "Han Drinking Song".
In the second year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 807), his official career was frustrated, and Li He was about eighteen years old, that is, when his poems had been widely circulated. In Yuanhe 34 (AD 808-809), Li He wrote Wild Goose Gate to pay tribute to Han Yu. He heard that Han Yu was in Luoyang, and Li He went to pay tribute. It is said that Han Yu and Huangfu once paid a return visit together and wrote the famous poem "Gao Xuan Guo". I could have risen to the top of my family, but I was "not weak then", that is, my father lost me. At that time, the funeral was limited to three years, so it was not until the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10) that Han Yucai and Li Heshu advised him to take the Jinshi exam. In the early winter of that year, Li He, 2 1 year-old, took part in the room-style host, and Han Yu took part in the Henan government test, and made "Henan government test in December, the music words leap over the moon", which won in one fell swoop and went to Chang 'an to study at the end of the year. But once the fan is turned off, dogs can't open it. People who are jealous will spread rumors that Li He's father's names "Jin Su", "Jin" and "Jin" are "disrespectful". Although Han Yu defended him with "quality is in the law" and "recorded in the canon", he was helpless and Li He had to leave the hospital angrily. In the spring of the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), Li He, aged 19, left Beijing and returned to Changgu to write and leave the city. In that year 10, he went west to Chang 'an again. Peter said that after Han Yu and Huang Fusong arrived in Luoyang, they gave a treat, and Li He thanked the fruit. 10 14, Li He said goodbye to his predecessors in the courtyard of Renhe Li Fang in Luoyang, and wrote A Miscellaneous Account of Renhe Huangfu.
In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), Li He was twenty-one, and Han Yu was transferred to Henan Order (Henan Prefecture, which governs Luoyang). There is a poem "Yan Henan Mansion Scholar", in which "I only want to write articles, but dare not envy and argue". It may be that I feel sorry for the unfortunate experience of Li He before and advise this year's candidates.
It was a heavy blow to Li He that he failed to get into the Jinshi exam. He wrote many poems to express his anger and returned to Nagaya that year. About because he is a descendant of Li Tang's imperial clan, and Han Yu won the prize for it, in May of Yuanhe six years (8 1 1), Li He returned to Chang 'an and was recommended by the imperial clan. After the examination, his father's shadow became an official, and he was appointed as a gift lang. After that, he was imprisoned in Chang 'an for three years. As an official for three years, Li He personally experienced, heard and witnessed many things, made a group of like-minded friends and had a deep understanding of the social situation at that time. Although my personal life is not satisfactory, I have created a series of poems that reflect reality and lash out at the darkness. Although the mood here is "like a dog", it has increased life experience, expanded knowledge and gained great gains in poetry creation. The so-called congratulatory poems "deeply stab the disadvantages of the present world and reach the point of seclusion" (Wen Yao's Ci in Qing Dynasty), most of which were produced in this period. His prominent position in the poetry circle of the middle Tang Dynasty and even the whole literary world of the Tang Dynasty should be said to be mainly laid by nearly 60 works created during this period.
In his later years, because of the hopeless transfer, fame and fortune, the thought of grief and loneliness is getting deeper and deeper. Coupled with the death of his wife, Li He was depressed and sick. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), he returned to Long Valley to recuperate for a period of time. However, unwilling to sink, he went south again, hoping to show his talents in South Chu or wuyue. When he left Chang 'an, his friend, Monk Wu (Monk of Qinglong Temple), once wrote a poem "Send Li Changji to serve as Dongjing", wishing him success in the southern expedition, but the result was not good either. "Kyushu personnel are like this." He returned to Luoyang, bid farewell to his elders and relatives, and left for Chang 'an on October 14th of the same year. In the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), he resolutely resigned from Feng's post and returned to Changgu. Then take Yiyang, Luoyang and Heyang, enter Taihang, and arrive in Luzhou (now Changzhi City, Shanxi Province) in late autumn. After that, under the recommendation of Zhang Che in Luzhou, he worked as an adjutant for three years, serving Zhao Yijun in our time and helping to deal with official documents. In the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16), because the northern buffer region was king and the separatist forces were rampant, Xi Shi Mei sought change and went to Luoyang to recuperate, and his friend Zhang Che also returned to Chang 'an. Li He had no choice but to support his illness and return to the former residence of Changgu to sort out his poems. He died of illness at the age of 27.
Fourth, anecdotes and allusions.
Li He's small cloth bag can hold many good poems.
Li Zhuowu, a famous thinker in the Ming Dynasty, once pointed out when commenting on Water Margin: "If there is no first place in the world, how can a scholar be here even if he has been facing the wall for nine years and vomited blood for ten stones!" The incident of "vomiting blood" mentioned here is very different from the incident of Ruan Ji, a famous person in Jin Dynasty, who cried and vomited blood after drinking for his mother's death. (2) Li Zhuowu's allusions, is written by Li Shangyin in the Tang Dynasty "Li Changji Biography" in the story of Li He writing poetry.
Li He is a precocious genius. At the age of seven, he wrote excellent poems and immediately became famous in Beijing. At that time, Han Yu, assistant minister of the official department, and Huangfu _, after hearing about this miracle, didn't believe it at first, saying, "If only it were the ancients; There are such strange people today, how can you miss them? " After that, the two went to visit each other hand in hand.
When they saw that Li He was still a very young child, the two adults immediately asked him to write a question to verify whether Li He had real talent and learning. This Li didn't panic, but gave a deep gift to two adults, and then he wrote a famous article "China" that was enough to spread in the history of literature. This ancient poem says:
Huatuo wove shallots and beautiful gold rings.
Hoof rumbling, entrance like a rainbow.
Yun is a gifted scholar and a great writer in Tokyo.
Twenty-eight nights, Luo's heart, your heart.
The sound in front of the temple is empty, and the pen fills the nature.
Pang Mei's readers feel autumn, and the grass withers and the wind grows in China.
I'm hanging my wings today, and I won't be ashamed to be a snake or a dragon one day!
Han Yu, when they saw Li He's poems, showed the confidence, profundity, humility and respect that they had never seen for a long time, and immediately exclaimed with surprise: "Genius, genius! Really well-deserved! " Since then, Li He's poems have spread all over the world. ! "When he left, they also warmly invited Li He to visit their mansion. After this visit, Li He's poems became more and more famous. However, many people who are jealous of Li He say that his father's name is "Li Jinsu", and the word "Jin" is homophonic with the word "Jin" of Jinshi, which is a "taboo" and cannot be admitted to Jinshi; This caused Han Yu, a great writer, to write a famous Taboo Discrimination to explain it. However, Li He's later career was actually due to the malicious slander of these villains, and he finally failed to get into the Jinshi, thus burying the factors of bitterness and poverty in life.
However, Li He's writing style is amazing. When he writes poetry, he is not in a hurry to decide on a topic, but must first find the theme in his life and dig it out. He often rides a thin horse with Warawako at home, thinking while walking. Once he has a good sentence or inspiration, he quickly records the spark of inspiration he thinks and throws it into Warawako's small kit. When he got home, he didn't even have time to eat, so he took out the broken chapters and sentences thrown in during the day from his little kit, sorted them out immediately and wrote admirable poems. When his mother saw this situation, she was distressed and gratified, and said, "Alas, it seems that my baby will not stop until he vomits blood! How can you even forget to eat? "
In fact, it was Li He who devoted himself wholeheartedly to his creation, so a large number of poems he created became the object of repeated admiration by later generations. Such as: the desert sand is like snow, the Yanshan moon is like a hook. Why do you want to be a golden brain? Let's step on the clear autumn!
Most people have read this five-character quatrain in primary school. When people face the reality in those harsh environments, they often say, "This is really a dark cloud over the city!" As for a book called "Breaking the Ground and Making Autumn Rain" collected by a famous writer in his spare time, the title listed above is actually the same as the poem quoted above, and it is also a sentence in Li He's poem. It can be seen that the application probability of Li He's poems is still very high. The reason why Li He can achieve such gratifying results has a lot to do with his creative attitude of "working hard" rather than perfunctory.
When Li He was in Chang 'an, he lived in Chongyili and became close friends with Wang Shenyuan, Quan Kun and Cui Zhi. He often travels together. A little slave rides a donkey with a broken bag on his back. Li Heyou wrote a poem, which was written in his pocket and finished when he got home. Zheng's mother's wife often says, "It's your son's duty to express his heart." . Before his death, he divided the poem into four parts and gave it to his friend Shen. After his death 15 years, Shen asked Du Mu to write a preface. Out of nostalgia for Li He, it is said that when Li He died, he saw that the Emperor sent an angel from Fei Yi to write a note in Baiyulou in the sky. It is also said that his mother dreamed of Li He one night and said that he was writing notes about Bai Yao Palace for the Emperor of Heaven (Li Hechuan by Li Shangyin and Xuanshizhi by Zhang Du). During the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, Wei Zhuang took Li He Jinshi as the memorial and gave him a replacement. However, due to an incident in court, the performance was put on hold. Li He once edited his anthology. There is an annotated collection of Li He's poems.