First, the university was originally an article in the Book of Rites.
University was originally Article 42 of the Book of Rites. In the Song Dynasty, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers took them out of the Book of Rites and compiled chapters and sentences. Zhu called Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius as four books, and Daxue became a Confucian classic. As for the author of Da Xue, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi thought it was "Kong's last words". Zhu rearranged The University, which was divided into one chapter of Jing and ten chapters of Biography. That "the words of Confucius, cover a chapter, Ceng Zi said; The tenth chapter is the meaning of Ceng Zi, and the master remembers it. " In other words, "Jing" is the words of Confucius and recorded by Ceng Zi; "Biography" is the interpretation of "Jing", which is recorded by students.
There are two versions of Da Xue: one is Da Sentence compiled by Zhu; First, the ancient books arranged in the original order, that is, the original "university" in the Book of Rites. Zhu's "University Chapters and Sentences" is the most widely circulated and influential, and this paper adopts "University Chapters and Sentences".
"University" is a "primary school", that is to say, it is not a "primary school" that talks about "detailed exegesis and clear sentence reading", but a "university" that talks about running the country and keeping the country safe. "University" is an adult's study.
"University" is "the gateway for beginners to enter Germany". After the first chapter, three programs are put forward, namely, to be moral, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection, and eight items are put forward, namely, to be realistic, sincere, upright, cultivate one's morality, keep the family in order, run the country and level the world. Eight items are the way to realize the three programs. Of the eight items, self-cultivation is fundamental. "From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, it is based on self-cultivation". Chapter 10 makes it clear that morality, new people, perfection, perfection, knowledge, honesty, honesty, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order and governing the country. Mingmingde refers to advocating aboveboard morality. Xinmin means to make people start over and re-plan. To stop at perfection means to reach the best condition. Putting the cart before the horse means to prioritize things and get to the bottom of it. Knowing knowledge by studying things means acquiring knowledge by studying the principles of things. Sincerity means "don't deceive yourself", and don't "cover up its shortcomings and concentrate its advantages". Righteousness is to correct one's mentality. Self-cultivation means strengthening self-cultivation and improving self-quality. Putting a family in order is to manage your own family and family. Governing the country and leveling the world is about governing the country. How to govern the country? First of all, we must set an example; Don't give others what you hate; Get a lot of people, be cautious, make money and raise talents. "if you get more people, you will get the country, and if you lose more people, you will lose the country"; "People with virtue, people with soil, and people with soil have money"; If you see a sage, you can raise it, and you can raise it first.
"University"
The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection. Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. Things have a beginning and an end, and things have a beginning and an end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.
Those who want to be obviously superior to the world in ancient times should rule their country first, and those who want to rule their country should rule their home first; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; To be sincere, you must know first, and you must know the style. Everyone knows everything, everyone knows it and is sincere, sincere and upright, upright and upright, well-trained and well-groomed, well-groomed and well-governed, well-groomed and well-governed. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. If the end of the treatment is messed up, it won't work. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing.
Chen Kang said, "Ke Mingde." Dajia said, "Ancient times are destiny." Emperor Dian said, "Mingde is also." It goes without saying. The dish of soup said, "New is new, new is new." Chen Kang said, "Be a new citizen." A poem says, "Although Zhou was an old country, his life changed." Therefore, a gentleman does his best. As the poem says, "the country is thousands of miles away, and only the people can stop it." As the poem says, "The yellow bird stops at the corner of the mountain." Confucius said, "When you stop, you know what you have stopped. Can people be worse than birds? " There is a poem that says, "King Mumuwen stops at Ji Xi." Stop at benevolence for the monarch, stop at respect for the minister, stop at filial piety for the son, stop at kindness for the father, and stop at faith in making friends with the Chinese people.
As the poem says, "If you support yourself in Australia, you will find yourself in green bamboo, and you will find yourself in Fiji. If you are incisive, if you are grinding, if you are sad, if you are noisy, you will find yourself in Fiji. " As eager as you are, Taoism is also; If you are as sharp as a mill, you will learn from yourself; Those who feel sorry for others are embarrassed; He Xi Xi Xi, Wei Yi also; If you have a gentleman, you can't be embarrassed. Morality is the best, and the people can't forget it. A poem says, "Yu Xi! The former king did not forget. " A gentleman is virtuous, close to his relatives, and a villain is happy and profitable, so that he will not forget the world.
Confucius said, "If I hear a lawsuit, I am still a human being, and I will make it litigious!" Ruthless people can't do it, and they are afraid of people's ambitions. This is called knowing it.
This is called knowing it, and this is called knowing it.
The so-called sincere person is not deceiving himself. If it stinks, if it's lewd, it's called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
Little people are not good at fooling around and do everything they can. When he meets a gentleman, he will resent it, fight for his incompetence and concentrate on his kindness. It is impossible for a man to treat himself as a liver and lung. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!"
Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere.
The so-called self-cultivation lies in mindfulness, and it is wrong to be angry, afraid, happy and worried. Absent-minded, blind, listening but not smelling, eating without knowing its taste, this is called cultivating one's morality with the right heart.
There are few people in the world who are in physical repair, loved, looked down upon, feared, worried and lazy. Therefore, there is a saying: "Man is the evil of his son, and he doesn't know the size of his young son." This means that if you don't fix your body, you can't be at home.
The so-called rule of the country must be in line with its family, its family can not be taught, and there is no one who can teach. Therefore, a gentleman does not become a monk and becomes a Buddhist. Filial piety, so things are also jun; Brother, so the matter is long; Yeah, that's why Gong Ye. Chen Kang said, "If you protect your son." Sincerely ask for it, although it is not in the middle, it is not far away. So are those who haven't learned to adopt children before getting married. A benevolent government, a benevolent government; A letter, a goodsky letter; One person is greedy, and one country is chaotic. This means that a word is urgent and one person rules the country. Yao and Shun lead the world with benevolence, and the people follow it; Jie fights violence with violence, and everyone follows it. What it ordered was contrary to what it wanted, but the people did not obey it. Therefore, if a gentleman has himself, he will ask others, and if he does not have himself, he will not be others. Hidden things are unforgivable, but they can be used to describe people, but nothing is left. So the rule of the country lies in its own home. As the poem says: "If a peach wants to die, its Ye Zhenzhen, its son's return, its home is suitable." Appropriate family members can then teach China people. A poem says, "My brother should be my brother." You should be brothers and younger brothers, and then you can teach the people. As the poem says, "there are four kingdoms." Father-son law, then civil law. This means that the rule of a country lies in its own home.
The so-called people who rule their country by leveling the world are old and filial, long and lonely, and the people are different, so courtesy is the way of a gentleman. If you are evil, don't let it fall; What is evil is not in this matter; Evil is ahead, not behind; What is the evil of the future, not the evil of the past; Right evil, not left; If you are left evil, don't give it to right evil. This is called the way to slap the moment. As the poem says, "the pleasure of a gentleman is the parents of the people." What the people do well and what the people hate are called the parents of the people. As the poem says, "Nanshan is a festival, rocks are rocks, and the people have a long-term vision." Those who have a country should not be careless and slaughter for the world. As the poem says: "It is not easy for Yin to lose his teacher, to be innocent of God, and to be disciplined by Yin." If you talk too much, you will get the country, and if you lose the people, you will lose the country. Therefore, a gentleman must first be cautious. Where there is virtue, there must be people. Where there is soil, there is wealth, and wealth is useful. Virtue is the foundation and wealth is the goal. The external cause is the internal cause, and the people strive for it. Therefore, if you gather wealth, the people will disperse, and if you gather wealth, the people will gather. People who say the wrong thing come out and go in; Goods that go in illegally will also go out illegally. Chen Kang said, "Obedience is not constant." If it is good, you will get it, if it is not good, you will lose it. Chu Shu said, "Chu has no treasure, but good is treasure." My uncle said, "The dead are not treasures, but the benevolent relatives are treasures." Qin vowed: "If a minister has no other skills, forgive him. People have skills, if any; People are saints, and their hearts are good, just like their mouths. Tolerance is also beneficial, so as to protect my children and people! People's skills hate evil, and people's are unreasonable. I really can't stand it, it can't protect my children and grandchildren, it's very dangerous! " Benevolent people untied themselves and burst into the four barbarians, not with China. This means that only the benevolent can love and be wicked. Seeing the sage without lifting, lifting without first, life is also. You can't retreat if you see something bad, you can't retreat quickly, and you can't go too far. What a good man hates and what a bad man likes is his arrogance, and disaster will catch his husband. Therefore, a gentleman has a way, and he gains it with loyalty and loses it with arrogance. There are avenues to make money, many people are born, few people eat, and those who use them are sick, so wealth continues. Kind people get rich by money, and unkind people get rich by their own bodies. It is also bad for people without kindness to go on, people without kindness are not finished, and people without treasury wealth are not their wealth. Meng Xianzi said: "Cattle and horses ride, not chickens and dolphins;" The home of ice cutting, not cattle and sheep; A hundred times the home, not a minister of livestock. It is better to have a thief than a minister. "That is to say, the country does not benefit from benefits, but also benefits from righteousness. To serve the country, those who spend money must be small. He is good, the villain's ambassador is the country, and the disaster comes from his mouth. Although there are good people, none of them are good. This means that the country does not benefit from profit, but also benefits from righteousness.
Translation of The University
The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people innovate and reach the most perfect state. Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end. Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things. In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything. Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we manage the family and family well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented. If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. You can't put the cart before the horse, and you want to do a good job regardless of priorities!
"Gao Kang" said: "It can carry forward the bright character." "Tai Jia" said: "I don't forget the nature of this light." Yao Dian said: "It can carry forward lofty morality." These are all to promote their aboveboard character.
The motto of King Shang Tang carved on the bathtub is: "If you can update it every day, you should keep updating it every day." Kang's Patent said: "Encourage people to discard the old and adopt the new. The Book of Songs said: "Although the Zhou Dynasty was an ancient country, it was endowed with a new destiny. "So, people with high moral character have nowhere to pursue perfection.
The Book of Songs says: "The capital and its surroundings are places that people yearn for." The Book of Songs also said: "The yellow bird is called Mianman and lives on the mountain." Confucius said, "Even the yellow bird knows where it should live. Can people be inferior to a bird? " The Book of Songs says: "A king of letters with high moral character is always aboveboard, solemn and cautious." To be a monarch, be kind; To be a courtier, be respectful; Children should be filial; Father should be kind; When dealing with people, you should keep your word. The Book of Songs says: "Look at the curved bank of the water, with lush green bamboo. There are gentle gentlemen who study the knowledge of processing bone implements and learn from each other constantly; Self-cultivation is like polishing beautiful jade and pondering it over and over again. He is solemn, cheerful and handsome. Such a gentle gentleman is really unforgettable! " Here, "learning from each other like a bone tool" refers to the attitude of learning; Here, "polishing beautiful jade, pondering repeatedly" refers to the spirit of self-cultivation; To say that he is "solemn and cheerful" means that he is cautious and timid; To say that he is "handsome" means that he is dignified; He said, "Such a gentle gentleman is unforgettable!" "It means that his moral character is very noble and has reached the most perfect state, so it is unforgettable. The Book of Songs says, "Ah, the kings of the previous generation are really unforgettable! "This is because the monarchs and nobles can follow the example of the previous generation of kings, and they are close to their loved ones, and ordinary people are also blessed, enjoy and benefit. Therefore, although the former kings have all passed away, people will never forget them.
Confucius said: "I, like others, listen to the lawsuit in order to try the case and prevent it from happening again." Call for grasping the root, so that people who hide the real situation dare not say sweet words, which makes people fear.
This is called grasping the root, and this is called the apex of knowledge.
Making your heart sincere means not deceiving yourself. Just as you hate rancid smells, you should love beautiful women, and everything comes from the heart. Therefore, people with high moral character must be cautious even when they are alone.
People with low moral character do evil in private, but when they see people with high moral character, they hide their evil deeds and brag about them. As we all know, others see themselves as clearly as you see your heart, lungs and liver. What's the use of covering it up? This is called inner truth, and it will definitely show up on the outside. Therefore, people with high moral character must be cautious even when they are alone.
Ceng Zi said, "Isn't it scary to watch with ten eyes and point with ten fingers?" ? ! "
Wealth can decorate the house, but morality can cultivate the body and mind, make the mind broad and healthy in Shu Tai. Therefore, people with high moral character must make their ideas sincere.
It is said that to cultivate self-cultivation, we must first correct our hearts, because anger can't correct our hearts; With fear, it is impossible to be right; With preference, it is impossible to be correct; You can't be right if you have concerns.
A bad heart is like a heart that is not on you: although you are looking, you don't seem to see it; Although listening, I don't seem to hear it; Although I am eating, I don't know what it tastes like. Therefore, to cultivate self-cultivation, we must first correct our mentality.
The reason why we should cultivate ourselves before running a family and family is because people have a preference for their loved ones; There will be partial hatred for people you hate; Be biased against those who are afraid of themselves; Will be biased against those who sympathize with themselves; You will be prejudiced against people you despise. So few people can love a person and see his shortcomings, and hate a person to see his advantages. Therefore, there is a proverb: "No one knows the bad of his children, and no one is satisfied with the good of his crops." This is why you can't manage your family and family well without self-cultivation.
The reason why we should first manage our own family and clan is that there is no one who can manage others without managing their own family. Therefore, educated people are educated in governing the country at home: filial piety can be used to serve the monarch; Respecting the elderly can be used as an official; Good for children can be used to rule the people.
Kang Hao said: "It's like taking care of a baby." Sincere pursuit, even if you can't reach your goal, it won't be too far away. You know, people who learn to raise children before they get married!
A family is kind, and a country will be kind; A United country will unite; When a person is greedy and violent, a country will be in chaos. Its connection is so close, as the saying goes: a word will be bad, and one person will rule the country.
Yao and Shun ruled the world with benevolence, and the people obeyed it. Jie fights violence with violence, and the people follow it. The ruler's orders are contrary to his own actual practices, and the common people will not obey them. Therefore, sages always do it first. Then ask others to do it; Don't do it yourself first and then ask others not to do it. It is impossible not to let others do whatever they want without this forgiveness. Therefore, to govern the country, we must first manage our own family and family.
The Book of Songs says: "Peach blossoms are delicious and have dense leaves. The girl got married and brought the whole family together. " Let the whole family live in harmony, and then the people of a country can live in harmony. The Book of Songs says, "Brothers live in harmony." Brothers live in harmony, and then people in a country can live in harmony. The Book of Songs said: "The appearance and behavior are solemn and serious, which is an example for the four countries." Only when a person is worthy of being imitated as a father, son, brother or younger brother will people imitate him. This is the truth that governing the country must first govern the family and govern the family.
The team said that if we want to pacify the world, we must govern the country well, because the superior people respect the elderly, the ordinary people will be filial to their parents, the superior people respect their elders, and the ordinary people will respect their brothers; People in the upper class sympathize with orphans, and ordinary people will follow suit. Therefore, people with high moral character always lead by example and push themselves and others' "way of being human".
If you hate a certain behavior of your boss, don't treat your subordinates with this behavior; If you hate a certain behavior of subordinates, don't treat your boss with this behavior; If you hate a certain behavior of the person in front, don't treat the person behind with this behavior; If you hate a certain behavior of the person behind, don't treat the person in front with this behavior; If you hate some behavior of the person on your right, don't treat the person on your left with this behavior; If you hate some behavior of the person on your left, don't treat the person on your right with this behavior. This is the so-called "instant way".
The Book of Songs says: "The monarch and the minister are the parents of Shu Ren." He likes what people like, and he hates what people hate. Such a monarch can be said to be the parents of the people. The Book of Songs says: "The towering Nanshan stands tall. Master Daxian, the people are looking up to you. " People who rule the country must be cautious. A little bias will be overthrown by everyone. The Book of Songs said: "When Yin didn't lose the hearts of the people, it was still reasonable. Please take the Yin Dynasty as a warning. It is not easy to keep the destiny. " In other words, if you win the hearts of the people, you will get the country, and if you lose the hearts of the people, you will lose the country.
Therefore, people with high moral character pay attention to cultivation first. Only when there is virtue can someone raise it, and only when there is support can the land be protected. Only when there is land can there be wealth, and only when there is wealth can there be supply and utilization. Virtue is the foundation, and wealth is the end of the branch. If the inheritance is regarded as an external thing and the end of the branch is regarded as an internal inheritance, it will compete with the people for profit. Therefore, when kings gather wealth and goods, people's hearts will be separated; When the king distributes his wealth to the people, the people will gather together. It's like if you speak irrationally, people will answer you with unreasonable words; The source of wealth and goods is unknown, and one day it will be lost inexplicably.
Kang Hao said: "Destiny will not be consistent." In other words, if you do good deeds, you will get your destiny, but if you don't do good deeds, you will lose your destiny. The Book of Chu said: "Nothing in Chu is a treasure, but goodness is a treasure." My uncle said, "Exiled people have nothing but kindness."
"Qin Shi" said: "If there is a loyal and honest minister, although he has no special skills, he is broad-minded and tolerant, and others have skills, such as himself; He is convinced that others have both ability and political integrity, not only verbally, but sincerely. Using such people can protect my children and people and benefit them! On the contrary, if others have technology, they will be jealous and disgusted; Others have both ability and political integrity, but he tries his best to suppress and crowd out, and he can't tolerate it anyway. Using this kind of person can not only protect my descendants and people, but also be very dangerous! " Therefore, people with benevolence will exile such intolerant people to the land of four barbarians and prevent them from living in China. This shows that sages have a clear love and hate, and they cannot select talents, and they cannot be reused after selection. This is contempt: it is wrong to find evil people without driving them away. It's against human nature to like things that everyone hates and dislike things that everyone likes. Disaster is bound to befall you. Therefore, for the monarch, there is a right path: loyalty, then everything; If you indulge in luxury, you will lose everything.
There is also a correct way to make money; More people produce, less people consume; Those who produce are diligent, while those who consume are thrifty. In this way, wealth will always be sufficient. Caring people help others to cultivate their own virtue, and unkind people do not hesitate to make money at the expense of their lives. People who are not in the upper position like benevolence and righteousness, while people in the lower position don't like loyalty and righteousness; People who don't love loyalty but give up halfway; There is no property in the treasury that does not belong to the monarch. Meng Xianzi said: "With four carriages, there is no need to raise chickens and pigs; Sacrifice ice to doctor Qing's house, so don't raise cattle and sheep again; Don't adopt a vassal who plundered the wealth of the people from the vassal's house with a hundred chariots. It is better to have a retainer who steals things than to have a retainer who plunders people's wealth. "That is to say, a country should not take wealth as its interest, but should take benevolence and righteousness as its interest. As a monarch, he still devotes himself to collecting money, which must be induced by villains. The monarch thinks that these villains are good people and let them handle state affairs. So, natural disasters and man-made disasters came together. Although there are talents at this time, there is no way to save them. Therefore, a country should not take wealth and goods as its interests, but should take benevolence and righteousness as its interests.
2. Universities are institutions of higher education in this country. Select people with high school education or above for education and training, and test their knowledge and skills through examinations.
According to the fourth quarter of the seventh chapter of the Song of Songs in the Old Testament, Solomon, the wise and rich king of Israel, wrote 65,438+0,005 poems, among which Song of Songs is a song of love. In the fifth song, the groom praised the bride like this: "... your neck is like an ivory tower. Your eyes are near the gate of Bartrabbi in Heshbon, like a pool ... (... your neck is like an ivory tower; Your eyes are like a pool near the sliding door of Heshbon Patna; ……)。 Obviously, the ivory tower here is only used to describe the bride's beautiful neck. Later, the word was gradually applied to all aspects of social life, mainly referring to "an isolated fantasy, a paradise to escape from real life, and an isolated place". In Chinese, the extended meaning of ivory tower mainly refers to "the metaphor of the small world of writers and artists who are divorced from real life". Universities and research institutes are such places.
China University
In 2006, China University ranked in the top four: Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University and Fudan University.
World-renowned universities
(1) Harvard University, USA
(2) Stanford University (USA)
(3) Oxford University (UK)
(4) Cambridge University (UK)
(5) Yale University (USA)
(6) University of Tokyo (Japan)
(7) University of California, Berkeley (USA)
(8) University of Paris (France)
(9) Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(10) Princeton University (New Jersey, USA, known as "the mathematical center of the universe")
(1 1) Columbia University, USA
(12) Moscow University, Russia
(13) University of Heidelberg, Germany
(14) Cornell University, USA
(15) University of Edinburgh, UK
(16) University of Chicago, USA
(17) University of Leuven, Belgium
(18) Leiden University, Netherlands
(19) Bochum University (Germany)
Brown University (USA)
(2 1) University of Madrid, Spain
(22) California Institute of Technology (USA)
23) University of Bologna (Italy)
Waseda University (Japan)
University of G? ttingen (Germany)
(26) Paris Teachers College (France)
Johns Hopkins University (USA)
Keio University (Japan)
(29) Petersburg University (Russia)
University of Coimbra (Portugal)
(3 1) University of London (UK)
Dartmouth College (USA)
University of Munich (Germany)
University of Rome (Italy)
University of Vienna (Austria)
Peking University (China)
University of British Columbia (Canada)
Rice University (USA)
Stockholm University (Sweden)
Trinity College Dublin University (Ireland)
(4 1) University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Paris Institute of Technology (France)
Technical University of Berlin (Germany)
University of Sydney (Australia)
Azhar University (Egyptian)
Duke University (USA)
Tsinghua University (China)
University of Southern California (USA)
University of Toronto (Canada)
Pisa Teachers College (Italy)
(5 1) University of Athens, Greece
Salver University (UK)
Kyoto University (Japan)
French National School of Administration (France)
University of Frankfurt (Germany)
Mcgill University (Canada)
National University of Singapore (Singapore)
Ankara University (Turkey)
Chulalongkorn University (Thailand)
(60) Northwestern University, USA
(6 1) University of Bocconi (Italy)
University of Salamanca (Spain)
Vienna University of Music and Performing Arts (Austria)
University of Helsinki (Finland)
Royal Swedish Institute of Technology (Sweden)
Warsaw University (Poland)
(67) Amast College (USA)
Free University of Berlin (Germany)
Jinnah University (Pakistan)
University of Pennsylvania (USA)
(7 1) University of Tsukuba (Japan)
University of Iceland (Iceland)
Perdue University (USA)
University of Brasilia (Brazil)
Vanderbilt University (USA)
(76) Boston University
University of Brussels (Belgium)
Trava University (USA)
Lausanne Institute of Technology (Switzerland)
University of Michigan (USA)
(8 1) University of Utah, USA
Cairo University (Egypt)
University of North Carolina (USA)
Jawaharlal Nehru University (India)
American University of Beirut (Lebanon)
Sofia University (Bulgaria)
George Washington University (USA)
University of Có rdoba (Argentina)
(89) Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Switzerland)
(90) University of Mü nster, Germany
(9 1) George Merlin University, USA
(92) University of Illinois (USA)
Delhi University (India)
University of the Philippines (Philippines)
(95) Paris Institute for Advanced Mining (France)
(96) County Etiquette College (USA)
Australian National University (Australia)
(98) Georgetown University (USA)
Qatar University (Qatar)
(100) Punjab University (Pakistan)