Wen Yiduo
There is a saying that it is a curse.
There is a saying that you can light a fire.
Although no one has said it for 5 thousand years,
Can you guess the silence of the volcano?
Maybe he was suddenly possessed,
Suddenly, there was a thunderbolt in the blue sky.
Explosion:
"Our China!"
What should I say today?
You don't believe that Cycas blooms,
So there is a sentence you listen to:
When the volcano couldn't help being silent,
Don't tremble, stick out your tongue and stamp your feet.
Wait until the blue sky thunders.
Explosion:
"Our China!"
In a word-historical background
According to the fact that China was deeply invaded and oppressed by imperialist powers in modern times, some commentators pointed out that it is natural for imperialists who covet China to advocate patriotism as lawlessness and a "disaster" of insurrection. At that time, the infiltration of imperialist powers into China was mainly in the form of economy. After all, they don't control our administrative power, and they can't directly interfere with an China intellectual who propagandizes the theory of patriotism. It is the China people themselves who have the power of life and death in China, or rather, the government of China people themselves. So, was patriotic speech forbidden by the decadent regime in old China? I'm afraid it's not accurate enough A feudal autocratic regime is essentially afraid of the people's strength and the conscious national consciousness of intellectuals full of rational spirit, which is beyond doubt, because the national consciousness full of rational spirit will inevitably lead to profound reflection on the national history and reality, and will inevitably aim its thoughts at the decadent realistic rule itself (Wen Yiduo really embarked on this road later), which is a great threat to their reactionary rule. On the other hand, however, feudal autocratic governments are often best at dressing themselves up with dazzling and unrealistic words of "patriotism". Under normal circumstances, they are also rich in the ability to use general patriotism. -In this sense, an ordinary sigh "Our China" is obviously not a "disaster" that disrupts the rules, but perhaps a "stepping stone" that feudal absolutists can't wait!
"Disaster" and "fire" can only be Wen Yiduo's own, which is in Wen Yiduo's psychological sense. This actually stems from the contradiction and conflict of the poet himself. Some kind of inner emotion has been brewing for a long time and has great energy. Once it comes out of its shell, it will greatly destroy some external equilibrium relations, just like "disaster" or "fire"
Wen Yiduo is a rather contradictory poet. Judging from his appearance, he is cautious and serious, and maintains a high degree of reason in his life, so that he calls himself "the old fool of the East". However, everyone who knows him knows that this man is full of emotion and enthusiasm and has the soul of a poet. These different lifestyles, one inside and the other outside, all develop on their own tracks, which will eventually lead to fierce conflicts. For example, the poet once told Cang Kejia that the poetry collection "Dead Water" was full of "anger" and "I just feel like a volcano without eruption." He is also annoyed that others call him a "technical expert", which shows that from the inner feelings, he is more inclined to extroversion and impulsive feelings; But judging from the whole Dead Water (including this sentence), he is indeed a "technical expert". He has made great efforts to study and practice his "unity" and "harmony" metrical scheme, which represents his pursuit of objectivity and calmness.
As a basic way of thinking, this "contradictory" feature is vividly displayed in his patriotism. The humiliation left by American life, the deep feeling of China reality and the profound education of Chinese studies have made the poet constantly condense patriotic energy in the emotional world, burning, and sometimes surpassing the limitations of poetry and language art, which seems to have risen and stood upright, forcing the poet to transform into some shocking action. Our China is full of charm. The word "we" has vividly expressed Wen Yiduo's strong sense of ownership and personality. Its subtext is: This China belongs to all of us, and we can't let it be weakened and destroyed, and we can't let those "walking dead" destroy it! Judging from "Elegy under the Great Wall" and "Dead Water", the poet obviously attaches great importance to the word "we". As a result, the love for the motherland has condensed into resentment and attacks on some China compatriots (including autocratic rulers). Although this attack is obscure, the energy it needs has been completely stored in this "blue sky thunderbolt". At the same time, Wen Yiduo is really a kind person. It is "enough" to throw scrap iron into Xidan trench. He is not determined to make a fuss about the word "we". He is not the kind of person who struggles with his compatriots for status and fame, let alone fighting in action. After returning home, Wen Yiduo had the opportunity to enter a higher political and social circle, and might really get involved in Our China, but in fact he gave up and went to a quieter study life after "stagnant water".
Repression and restraint can't eliminate impulse. On the contrary, the more I try to keep the external balance in a rational state, once the expanding feelings break out, it will completely destroy my psychological balance, become a personal "disaster" and burn into a terrible flame. Wen Yiduo is also self-aware of this. In his subjective feelings, this tone has been lingering in his heart for a long time, which can completely offset the long history of our nation for 5 thousand years. He is depressed, patient and silent, but after all, it is a "volcanic silence" that will break out one day. He warned some "compatriots" that even Cycas can blossom. When my anger erupts, don't be afraid!
In this way, in the "daydream" in the poem, Wen Yiduo completed his revengeful catharsis, although his strongest and most unbearable emotion was finally reduced to a radical sentence: our China. In this short sigh, the reason and emotion, hesitation and boldness, reality and ideal of China intellectuals have been properly expressed.
In a word-appreciation
Mr. Wen once said: "The poet's main talents are love, love for the motherland and love for the people." From 65438 to 0925, he returned from the United States and saw the dark reality under the rule of feudal warlords and the tragic scene of the people. Thus, sincere love turned into strong dissatisfaction with the status quo and passion for changing old China. This poem fully embodies this emotion. The whole poem takes "one word"-"our China" as the center, and uses the method of combining realism and metaphor to sing repeatedly, trying to render contrast. The first section first reveals the suppression of public opinion by dark reality through parallelism and the realism and metaphor of "disaster" and "fire", and also shows the great power accumulated by the people. Then compare it with a volcano. Although it has been silent for thousands of years, once it happens suddenly, it will have earth-shattering power. This metaphor shows that the poet is full of confidence in the power of people's resistance. The second section warns some people who are pessimistic about the future of China and don't believe in the people to use the metaphor of "Cycas blossoming" to build "our China" which is hard-won but will eventually come true. By comparing the "I" belief with the "you" unbelief, the unbelievers may be surprised, such as panic and disgust, which further highlights the inevitability and suddenness of the people's resistance, indicating that the poet firmly believes in the potential power of the people to liberate themselves and transform old China, and sincerely supports it. He compared the people's resistance and cry to "a thunderbolt in the blue sky", which not only echoed the image of "fire" and showed infinite power, but also was a kind of praise tone "Blow:/'Our China! ""The two repetitions strongly expressed the expectation and pursuit of the ideal China. This poem is concise in language, neat and symmetrical in form, natural, full of rhythm and musical beauty.
In short-the author's brief introduction
Wen Yiduo
Wen Yiduo (1899165438+1October 24th-1July 946 15), formerly known as Wen Jiahua, also known as Duoduo, Yiduo and You Shan. China was a great patriot in modern times, a staunch democracy fighter, an early leader of China Democratic League, a close friend of China's * * * production party, a poet, a scholar and a democracy fighter. Crescent School is a representative poet, whose works are mainly included in Wen Yiduo's complete works.
1October 22nd (1899165438+1October 24th), Guangxu of Qing Dynasty was born in Wenjiapu, Xiabahe Town, Qishui County, Hubei Province (now Xishui County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province).
19 12 was admitted to Tsinghua University, and likes reading China's ancient poems, poems, history books and notes. 19 16 began to publish a series of reading notes in Tsinghua Weekly, collectively called February Lu. Write old-style poems at the same time. 19 19 actively participated in the student movement during the may 4th movement, and once represented the school at the National Student Union Conference (Shanghai).
1April, 920, published the first vernacular "student of the walker". In September of the same year, the first new poem West Bank was published.
192 1 year1kloc-0/year initiated the establishment of Tsinghua Literature Society with Liang Shiqiu and others. In March of the following year, he wrote "Research on Metric Poetry" and began to systematically study the theory of metrical new poetry.
1July, 922, went to Chicago Academy of Fine Arts to study. At the end of the year, the Winter Night Grass Review, co-authored with Liang Shiqiu, represented Wen Yiduo's early view of new poetry.
The first book of poetry, Red Candle, was published in 1923, which combined the theme of anti-imperialism and patriotism with the form of aestheticism.
1925 After returning to China in May, he successively served as a professor at the Fourth National Sun Yat-sen University (1928 was renamed as Central University, and 1949 was renamed as Nanjing University), Wuhan University (the first dean of the Faculty of Arts and designed the school emblem), National Shandong University, Tsinghua University and Southwest Associated University. He used to be the provost of Beijing Institute of Art and the director of the Foreign Languages Department of Nanjing No.4 Sun Yat-sen University.
The second book of poetry, Dead Water, was published in 1928, showing deep patriotic passion in decadence. Since then, he has devoted himself to the study of classical literature. Four ancient books, The Book of Changes, The Book of Songs, Zhuangzi and The Songs of the South, were sorted out and studied, and then compiled into Classical New Meaning, which Guo Moruo called "unprecedented, followed by no one".
1937 at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at the National Southwest United University. During the eight-year anti-Japanese war, he grew a beard and vowed never to shave it off until the victory of the anti-Japanese war, expressing his determination to fight the war to the end.
During his stay at National Southwest Associated University, especially after 1943, Wen Yiduo, under the influence and leadership of China's * * * production party, actively participated in the torrent of struggle against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang regime and for people's democracy. From 65438 to 0944, he participated in the Southwest Cultural Research Association and later joined the China Democratic League. Since then, he has actively participated in social and political activities as a professor of democracy and the leader of NLD Yunnan branch, and has become a mentor and friend that the vast number of revolutionary youth sincerely love and respect.
In the "December 1st" patriotic movement of students, Wen Yiduo [1] finally stood on the side of patriotic students, guiding and encouraging them to be brave and good at fighting, and made important contributions to the victory of the "December 1st" movement.
Wen Yiduo (1945) was a member of China Democratic League, governor of Yunnan Province and president of Kunming Democracy Weekly. 1946 On July 5th, he delivered the famous "Last Speech" at the conference in memory of Mr. Li Gongpu, and was killed by the Kuomintang spy that afternoon.
On 2 1, the National The National SouthWest Associated University Alumni Association held a memorial service for Mr. Yiduo, and Zhu Ziqing attended and spoke. At first, he said angrily: the assassination of Mr. Wen Yiduo in Kunming aroused the indignation of the whole country. This is a great loss for the democratic movement and the academic circles in China.
Then, he described Wen Yiduo's great contribution in the academic field in detail. First of all, it tells people that Wen Yiduo was "the only patriotic poet" and "the person who created a new poetic rhythm" before the Anti-Japanese War in China, and "he created his own language of poetry and prose". Wen Yiduo's achievements in myth, Chu Ci, Zhouyi and Book of Songs are also introduced in detail. He highlighted Wen Yiduo's great academic achievements, with the purpose of telling people how precious scholars were killed by the Kuomintang reactionaries and how rare talents were destroyed in China academic circles! Aroused greater resentment against the enemy. Finally, he said bitterly, he has great vitality. He often told us that he would live to be 80 years old, and now he is less than 48 years old, and he died miserably at that despicable and vicious gun! A student once looked at his body and saw that he was "covered in blood, holding his head in his hands and convulsing all over". Alas! He doesn't want to, and neither do we!
He made up his mind that all Wen Yiduo's works must be sorted out and published, which is a way to fight against the enemy. He is writing a letter to Yao Yao, a student, saying: The death of Mr. Yiduo is very sad. Its manuscript is planned to be compiled by the institute and tried to be printed. Later, it was compiled into four volumes of Wen Yiduo's Complete Works. Wen Yiduo, who just arrived in Kunming, devoted himself to studying the Book of Songs and ancient myths, without asking about current events. He was jokingly called "Why don't you go downstairs?" After the Japanese captured Changsha and Zhengzhou, they continued to attack Guiyang. The situation in Kunming is very critical. Wen Yiduo was very dissatisfied with the passive anti-Japanese movement of the National Government and began to attend lectures organized by students. Wen Yiduo, who is good at speaking, is very popular with students and greatly encourages the anti-Japanese upsurge in Kunming. Wen Yiduo also joined the democratic movement to transform the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang, which the Kuomintang was extremely afraid of. However, because Long Yun, chairman of Yunnan Province, supported the pro-democracy movement, the Kuomintang government could not help Wen Yiduo and others. ?
1945, Japan surrendered, and Peking University, Tsinghua and Nankai were demobilized northward. Wen Yiduo, who has joined the NLD, was elected as the propaganda minister of Kunming branch and presided over Democracy Weekly. The Kuomintang government took advantage of the Japanese surrender to transfer Long Yun's troops to Hanoi. Long Yun didn't know there was fraud. The Kuomintang Fifth Army and Du Fu's troops marched into Kunming, surrounded the provincial government, and forced Long Yun to go north to Chongqing to change jobs. Kuomintang military agents took control of Kunming and began to persecute progressive celebrities who demanded democracy. ?
Zhu Ziqing once wrote poems praising Wen Yiduo:
You are the flame that illuminates the abyss; Teach young people to catch themselves in disappointment. You are a fire, illuminating the ancient times; Songs and dances and competitions are like tigers. You are the fire that illuminates the devil; Burn yourself! There is a new China in the embers! Wen Yiduo's poems have strong national consciousness and temperament. Patriotism runs through all his poems and becomes the keynote of his poetry creation. As early as when he was studying in Tsinghua, he successfully sang his ideals and love with China's traditional poetry themes and imagery vocabulary. His masterpieces, such as Ode to the Sun, Laundry Song, Lonely Goose and Remembering Chrysanthemum, during his stay in the United States showed his contempt for the "civilization" of imperialism and his yearning for the motherland. Such as Prayer, Patriotism, One Word, I'm from China, Song of Seven Sons and other poems. In the early days of his return to China, the poet showed his national pride with fiery emotions, complete images and harmonious melodies. Compared with previous works, the poems in the "stagnant water" period have wider themes, deeper thoughts and further connection with the social reality in China. Poems such as "Spring" and "Abandoned Village" are full of sympathy for the working people who are in deep trouble in the warlord melee; Poems such as "Mourning-Commemorating the Tiananmen Square Massacre on March 18" and "Bullying" directly point to the atrocities of Beiyang warlords. In the poem Discovery, the poet is puzzled and uneasy in the face of the reality of warlord scuffle, invasion by foreign powers, broken mountains and rivers and people's poverty. He "asked the sky, forcing the wind all around", but "can't always ask for news." Wen Yiduo's poems inherited the patriotic tradition in Qu Yuan's and Du Fu's creation, and have a distinct sense of the times and social criticism.
Song of the Seven Sons is a group of seven poems written by Mr. Wen Yiduo during his stay in the United States in March 1925. They are Macau, Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Ahava, Guangzhou Bay, Kowloon and Lushun and Dalian. Among them, "Macau" and "Hong Kong" were selected into the second volume of the fourth grade Chinese textbook published by Beijing Normal University.
Wen Yiduo's poems are the practice of his artistic ideas. Most of his poems are like oil paintings with heavy colors. He not only likes to paint images with strong brushstrokes, but also plays up the atmosphere. He is especially good at changing different emotional colors in bold imagination and novel metaphors. Coupled with harmonious syllables and well-organized poems, his poems become a complete work of art, but sometimes they lose the brilliance of simple and natural beauty because of deliberate carving. Wen Yiduo's poems created a new genre of metrical poetry and influenced many later poets.
He is the author of Cenjiazhou Chronology, Kuangzhai Poems, Teana Poems, Xintai Poems, Hongzi, Interpretation of the Legend of Goddess in the Tang Dynasty, Interpretation of Lisao, Postscript of Dunhuang Old Banknotes and Songs of Chu, New Meaning of the Book of Songs, Interpretation of Zhu, etc. , and published the complete works of Wen Yiduo.