Pipa Xing is one of the long Yuefu poems of Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. In the eleventh year of Yuanhe (816). Through the description of pipa girl's superb playing skills and her unfortunate experience, this poem reveals the unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, the decline of people's livelihood and the burying of talents in feudal society, expresses the poet's deep sympathy for her, and also expresses the poet's resentment at her innocent being demoted. The following is the original text and appreciation of Pipa Parallel Order collected by me, for reference only. Let's have a look.
The pipa was moved to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, seeing the guests off at Songpukou, listening to those who play the pipa in the middle of the night, there is a clank of Kyoto. Ask him, Ben Chang 'an advocates women. I learned the pipa from Mu and Cao, but when I was old, my color declined, and I committed myself to being a Jia's wife. Then ordered wine, make fast play several songs. When I was young, I told myself about my happiness. Now I am wandering and languishing, and I am moving between rivers and lakes. I have been an official for two years, and I feel at ease, and I feel that I have moved to the future. Because of long sentences, songs are given to them, and every 616 words are called Pipa Xing.
I was bidding a guest farewell, at night on the Xunyang River, where maple-leaves and full-grown rushes rustled in the autumn.
I, the host, had dismounted, my guest had boarded his boat, and we raised our cups and wished to drink-but, alas, there was no music.
for all we had drunk we felt no joy and were parting from each other, when the river widened mysteriously toward the full moon.
we had heard a sudden sound, a guitar across the water, host forgot to turn back home, and guest to go his way.
we followed where the melody led and asked the player's name? The sound broke off...then reluctantly she answered.
we moved our boat near hers, invited her to join us, summoned more wine and lanterns to recommence our banquet.
yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us, still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar.
...She turned the tuning-pegs and tested several strings, we could feel what she was feeling, even before she played.
each string a meditation, each note a deep thought, as if she were telling us the ache of her whole life.
she knit her brows, flexed her fingers, then began her music, little by little letting her heart share everything with ours.
she brushed the strings, twisted them slow, swept them, plucked them, after "Nishang" at first, followed by "Liuyao" (green waist in the ninth grade textbook of junior high school).
the large strings hummed like rain, the small strings whispered like a secret.
hummed, whispered-and then were intermingled, like a pouring of large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
The flower bottom of Guan Ying's speech is slippery, but it's difficult to flow under the ice in the deep throat spring.
when the ice spring is cold and astringent, the string will freeze, and the freeze will never stop.
into a depth of sorrow and concealment of lament, told even more in silence than they had told in sound.
a silver vase abruptly broke with a gush of water, and out leapt armored horses and weapons that clashed and smote.
Be careful at the end of the song, and all four strings made one sound, as of rending silk.
there was quiet in the east boat and quiet in the west, and we saw the white autumnal moon enter the river's heart.
thoughtfully in the plucked string, she rose and smoothed her clothing and, formal, courteous.
told us how she had spent her girlhood at the capital, living in her parents' house under the Mount of Toads. [tomb of frog (há má)]
and had mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, with her name recorded first in the class-roll of musicians.
her art the admiration even of experts, her beauty the envy of all the leading dancers.
how noble youths of Wuling had lavishly competed, and numberless red rolls of silk been given for one song.
and silver combs with shell inlay been snapped by her rhythms, and skirts the colour of blood been spoiled with stains of wine.
season after season, joy had followed joy, autumn moons and spring winds had passed without her heeding.
till first her brother left for the war, and then her aunt died, and evenings went and evenings came, and her beauty faded.
The pommel horse was neglected in front of the door, so that finally she gave herself as wife to a merchant.
who, prizing money first, careless how he left her, had gone, a month before, to Fuliang to buy tea.
and she had been tending an empty boat at the river's mouth, no company but the bright moon and the cold water.
and sometimes in the deep of night she would dream of her triumphs, and be wakened from her dreams by the scalding of her tears.
her very first guitar-note had started me sighing, now, having heard her story, I was sadder still.
we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?!
I came, a year ago, away from the capital, and am now a sick exile here in Jiujiang.
and so remote is Jiujiang that I have heard no music, neither string nor bamboo, for a whole year.
my quarters, near the River Town, are low and damp, with bitter reeds and yellowed rushes all about the house.
and what is to be heard here, morning and evening?? The bleeding cry of cuckoos, the whimpering of apes.
on flowery spring mornings and moonlit autumn nights, I have often taken wine up and drunk it all alone.
of course there are the mountain songs and the village pipes, but they are crude and-strident, and grate on my ears.
and tonight, when I heard you playing your guitar, I felt as if my hearing were bright with fairymusic.
do not leave us. Come, sit down. Play for us again., translated Pipa for you.
...Moved by what I said, she stood there for a moment, then sat again to her strings-and they sounded even sadder.
although the tunes were different from those she had played before, the feasters, all listening, covered their faces.
but who of them all was crying the most?? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet.
Appreciation of works:
The poetic eye (theme) of this poem is "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?."
By writing about the misfortune of the pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow in his official career, he sang the voice of "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?". The social turmoil, the indifference of the world, the sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and the feelings of their own frustration are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.
In this poem, the poet made great efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl, which profoundly reflected the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expressed the feelings of "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing the guests off in the autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I searched for the sound, "secretly asked", "moved the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out half-hidden. This kind of echoing and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "the end of the world is reduced"
Then, the inner world of pipa girl is revealed by describing her playing music. First of all, there is affection in the unfinished tune, and then there are strings, sounds and thoughts, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.
Then she went on to write about the life story of the pipa girl: in those days, her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "her beauty the envy of all the leading dancers", and Kyoto teenagers were "struggling to tie their heads" and "and numberless red rolls of silk been given for one song". However, the description of time, such as resentment, longing and weeping, and her "and evenings went and evenings came, and her beauty faded" above, finally had to "marry a businessman's wife". These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of pipa girl.
At last, the poet's emotional waves were excited by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?", expressing his feelings of being in the same boat. The poetry is lively, step by step, and dotted everywhere.
there are endless streams and themes. It's like a surging river, undulating and enduring. Repeated chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is sonorous and figurative. Like a shower, like a whisper, like a splash of water, like the sound of a sword and a gun, like pearls falling on a jade plate, like the bottom of a flower. These read like the sound of it, as if they were in the air.
The preface of the poem explains the time, place, characters and stories, summarizes the sad life experience of the pipa girl, explains the motivation of writing this poem, and sets a sad emotional tone for the whole poem.
The whole poem Pipa Xing is divided into four paragraphs, with fourteen sentences from "I was bidding a guest farewell, at night on the Xunyang River" to "still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar". The first paragraph is about the appearance of pipa girls. Among them, the first six sentences tell the time, this is a night with red maple leaves, yellow flowers and rustling autumn wind; Told the location, it is Xunyang Jiangtou. Xunyang is today's Jiujiang city; Xunyang Jiangtou, also known as Songpukou in the preface above. Explained the background, it was the poet who sent his friend farewell. Parting itself is unpleasant, and there is no longer a singer waitress before the banquet, which is of course even more lonely. The syntax of the sentence "I, the host, had dismounted, my guest had boarded his boat" is a little strange, which actually means that the host rode to the river with the guests and dismounted to the ship together. "for all we had drunk we felt no joy and were parting from each other, when the river widened mysteriously toward the full moon". The scenery and atmosphere here are well described, which gives people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and dismay, and blends with the frustration and sadness of the host and guests, forming a strong sense of depression, preparing for the sudden turn of events below. Among them, the last eight sentences are written on the front: "we had heard a sudden sound, a guitar across the water, host forgot to turn back home, and guest to go his way". The sound floated from the water, coming from the ship. This sound immediately attracted the attention of the host and guests. They didn't want to leave or go back. They must explore the truth of this wonderful sound. "we followed where the melody led and asked the player's name? The sound broke off...then reluctantly she answered. We moved our boat near hers, invited her to join us, summoned more wine and lanterns to recommence our banquet. Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us, still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar. " The description here is very detailed. Because it is night, and because they only hear a sound, they don't know where it comes from or who the player is, so the word "seeking the sound and asking in secret" here is very vivid. Then "the pipa stops" indicates that the player has heard the call of the bearer; "I want to talk late" is consistent with the following "yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us and still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar", which shows that the performer is disheartened and ashamed of the degradation of her life experience, and she is no longer willing to show her face. The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and moving. She didn't see the pipa sound before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the following story.
Twenty-two sentences from "...She turned the tuning-pegs and tested several strings" to "and we saw the white autumnal moon enter the river's heart" are the second paragraph, which describes the superb acting skills of pipa girls. Among them, "...She turned the tuning-pegs and tested several strings" is to write the tuning audition before the formal performance; Then "the strings are suppressed" and the sadness of the tune is written; "she knit her brows, flexed her fingers, then began her music", written in slow andante. Gathering, twisting, wiping and picking are all ways to play the pipa. Nishang: namely "colorful plumage", a dance name made in the court of the Tang Dynasty. Six Yao: a popular dance name at that time. Fourteen sentences from "the large strings hummed like rain" to "and all four strings made one sound, as of rending silk" describe the musical image of pipa music, writing it from fast to slow, to thin, to silence, to the sudden storm, and then to the last stroke, which comes to an abrupt end. The poet used a series of vivid metaphors here, making the more abstract musical image suddenly become a visual image. Here, there are big beads and small beads falling from a jade plate, the words of Guan Ying flowing among the flowers, the thin threads under the water ice, the "told even more in silence than they had told in sound" that is so thin that it is gone, and the sudden cracking of a silver bottle and an iron horse, which makes the listener feel sad, relieved, relaxed and frightened. "Dong Zhou Xi Fang is silent, and we saw the white autumnal moon enter the river's heart." These two sentences are about the performance effect of pipa girl. Everyone was fascinated, the performance was over, and the listener was still immersed in the realm of music. There was silence all around, only a bright moon reflected in the water.
In the third paragraph, the twenty-four sentences from "thoughtfully putting the strings in the strings" to "and be wakened from her dreams by the scalding of her tears" * * * describe the life story of the pipa girl, who once became popular in her early years, and then faded and fell. Hesitate: to hesitate or hesitate. Convergence: refers to putting away the emotions when playing and re-honoring people solemnly. Frog Ridge: Xiamaling, the tomb of Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang. From the following ten sentences of "and had mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen", this woman was once a smash hit. She is young and highly skilled. She is admired by older artists and envied by her peers. The prince and grandson are obsessed with her color art: in order to ask her to play, they will spend a lot of money; She indulges in luxury herself, and never knows what it means to be stingy. In this way, year after year, the good times flow away quickly like water. Jiaofang: the official office that managed the court band in Tang Dynasty. Part I: Like the first regiment and the first team. Qiu Niang: generally refers to the beautiful and high-skilled geisha at that time. Five Mausoleums: The tombs of five Han emperors, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Ping Ling, were the places where the rich lived at that time. Young Wuling: usually refers to aristocratic children. Head-binding: refers to the financial gift given to Yiji in ancient times, which was used in the Tang Dynasty and other property for future generations. Red silk: a kind of raw silk fabric. Tangtou: a comb with flowers at both ends. Cloud grate: refers to jewelry decorated with golden jade jewelry. Clap: beat the time. When singing and dancing, the beat board was originally made of wood or bamboo, but now it's so popular that it beats the festival with a precious cloud grate, saying it's extravagant and get carried away. Idle: casually, not paying attention. From the following ten sentences of "till first her brother left for the war, and then her aunt died", this woman has changed and fallen. With the decline of her age, the aristocratic children no longer come to the door, and her few relatives have also left one after another. She is like a pair of shoes that are out of date, and no one looks at them anymore, so she has no choice but to marry a businessman. The businessman cares about making money, never understands art and emotion. He often goes out alone and leaves the poor woman behind. People have memories. In the face of today's loneliness and neglect, recalling make it mine in the past, in contrast, how can it not make people feel heartbroken? "and sometimes in the deep of night she would dream of her triumphs, and be wakened from her dreams by the scalding of her tears." In fact, even if I don't dream, I don't know how many times I want to think about it a day. Fuliang: the name of the county, which is governed in the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. Red and dry: the appearance of tears and powder flowing all over your face.
Twenty-six sentences from "her very first guitar-note had started me sighing" to the last "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet" are the fourth paragraph, in which the poet expresses his own life experience and expresses his sympathy with the pipa girl. Haw: Sigh. "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end, we meet. We understand. What does acquaintance matter?." The strong feelings of the second language, the tears of those who lost through the ages, also triggered a chance to fall in love at first sight for those who lost through the ages. The following twelve sentences from "I came, a year ago, away from the capital" describe the feeling of loneliness that the poet felt since he was demoted to Jiujiang. He said, "and so remote is Jiujiang that I have heard no music, neither string nor bamboo, for a whole year. My quarters, near the River Town, are low and damp, with bitter reeds and yellowed rushes all about the house. And what is to be heard here, morning and evening?? The bleeding cry of cuckoos, the whimpering of apes. On flowery spring mornings and moonlit autumn nights, I have often taken wine up and drunk it all alone. Of course there are the mountain songs and the village pipes, but they are crude and-strident, and grate on my ears. " The terrain is desolate, the environment is bad, my eyes are sad, and there is nothing to be happy about. In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own anguish and empathy. Let's compare a passage sung river praised Jiangzhou in Water Margin. He said, "Although I have committed crimes here, I still look at the real mountains and waters." Although there are several famous mountains and historical sites there, there is no such scenery. " The poet's sorrow and depression is entirely caused by his political blow, but he can't say this. He just vaguely said that he was also a "reduced person", that he was "living in seclusion and ill" here, and all the other heartbroken pains were crushed to the bottom of my heart. This is why everything he has heard and seen makes people sad. Then, as an equal and sincere friend and a friend in need, he sincerely praised and thanked the pipa girl for her wonderful performance, and asked her to play another tune, and he wanted to write a long poem "Pipa" for her. The pipa girl was reluctant to socialize any more. Later, when she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, she set the tone and played a more sorrowful tune. This piece of music makes all listeners cry. What about the sentimental poet? Look at his blue front. It's already soaked. Stringing: Tightening the strings to raise the tone. Blue: Eight, nine grades of civilian clothes, Sima is from nine grades, so he wears blue.
The artistry of this poem is very high. First, he combines the thoughts and feelings of the singer and the person being sung, saying that you are also talking about me, and that I am also talking about you. The fate is the same and closely related. After the pipa girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought they were "we are both unhappy -- to the sky's end"; After the poet tells his life story, the pipa girl is "...Moved by what I said, she stood there for a moment", and after the pipa girl plays another song, the poet is even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet." The intimate friends are touching and loving everywhere. Secondly, the means of writing scenery and music in poetry are extremely.