From 1949, 10 and 1 to 2009, People's Republic of China (PRC) has gone through a tortuous and magnificent 60 years. China's land, mountains and rivers have taken on a new look; People's lives are getting richer and richer; More importantly, people's mental outlook is more free and noble. The extraordinary course of 60 years is worth writers singing with giant pens.
To this end, Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House decided to publish this recitation of poetry.
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"Recitation", literally, is the recitation of unvoiced sounds.
The reason for "voiceless" and "reading aloud" is that we need to spread these poems, let them stand up from the flat books and fly out, and use the artistic charm of language to push open the emotional door of millions of people. Let poetry find its final destination and return to the people; It can also make readers and listeners appreciate the art of poetry more effectively.
Excellent poetry should live in the mouth of the people, not be dusty on muddy yellow paper. This is the common aspiration of poets and readers.
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In fact, oral communication has never stopped since the beginning of poetry.
The book of songs "national style" began with folk songs; Paper books are just passive records. It is a resting place for folk songs, not a burial grave.
Although Ya was written by literati, it was mostly spread by singing.
"Ode" is used for temple sacrifices and court records of history, and reading aloud is the basic form.
Wind, elegance and praise are combined with music; What is divorced from music is called "apprentice song", that is, ballads, which are also passed down orally.
Since the Han Dynasty, there have been many antique brand songs that can be sung.
After the Jin and Sui Dynasties, you can sing five words and then seven words. Although Tao Yuanming is unfamiliar with music, he still has to touch the lyre every five words.
Words and songs push poetry to Goulan Washe, making it deeply rooted in people's hearts and spread.
The appearance of new poetry has greatly absorbed the freedom of prose and the characteristics of spoken language. The rise of drama laid the foundation for modern poetry reading.
Hu Shi's vernacular poems and Guo Moruo's furious poems are more suitable for reading on stage and among the masses.
Throughout the revolutionary period, poetry recitation has almost become an important means to publicize the revolution and mobilize the people. Poetry carries the poet's grief, anger, joy, will, thoughts and emotions, goes deep into the bottom of life and awakens the whole land of China.
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Actually, reading poetry is not the quintessence of China. Poetry recitation is very common in foreign countries.
In those days, Mayakovski recited his poems almost everywhere.
In 1980s, when the Soviet poet Yevtushko visited China, he held a personal reading meeting. He said he could recite thousands of lines of poems he wrote, and he could recite them.
The poet's recitation makes the flat words come alive, and those places that are easily overlooked in reading will be full of meaning because of the emphasis of recitation and the cadence of pronunciation.
The perfect combination of beautiful voice and beautiful poetry will refresh the soul of poetry and produce new charm.
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It is not easy to compile a collection of poems for 60 years. Wandering in a vast collection of poems and anthologies is as difficult as a film director choosing actors.
Of course, we should focus on the theme and theme first. Because, this is a sacrament dedicated to the 60th birthday of the motherland. Special attention should be paid to praising the motherland, mountains and rivers, people, new life and the changing world.
Therefore, the first poem we started was Mr. Hu Feng's Time Begins.
In just three months after the founding of New China, Hu Feng wrote 4,600 lines of free verse Time Begins. It includes five pieces of music: Ode to Joy, Ode to Glory, Song of Youth, Music of Heroes and Ode to Victory. It is regarded as "writing a revolutionary intellectual's praise for the victory of China people and the people's heroes with great boldness of vision" (Yao Yao: Draft of China's New Literature History).
We chose "Time Begins" and excerpted the chapter "Ode to Joy". The poet let us relive the high-pitched singing caused by emotional burning in the boiling sea of Tiananmen Square.
Poetry can be an emotional witness to the historical process of human society. In Mr. Hu Feng's poems, it has been verified again.
Perhaps, because of carnival and emotional agitation, this poem still bears all the brand of the times and extensive writing style of China's early literature.
With the silence of social life and the progress and development of people's life, poetry has entered a period of calm and peaceful construction. But this period is very short. What followed was a chaotic political struggle, which seriously hindered the development of poetry and dampened the poet's passion.
After the 1970s, the ideological emancipation movement marked by the smashing of the Gang of Four and the reform and opening up marked by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of 1978 opened the floodgates for the development of new poetry.
Ai Qing's Ode to Light is a peak. When this poem was recited, it almost became a major event in the literary world.
I still remember 1979 when my "Grass Singing" was recited by actors, it caused great repercussions. Qu Xianhe, a young recitation actor, made six curtain calls in a row, only to quell the waves of applause.
Recitation can be a way for poetry to reach readers smoothly;
Recitation can be a bridge for poets to walk into their own people.
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In addition to the same poetic requirements as ordinary poems, recitation poems should also have their own characteristics:
First, the theme should be relatively clear and positive; Second, the mood should be bright and full, simple and cordial; Third, the language should be more fluent, familiar and easily accepted by the public; Fourthly, the rhythm of poetry, or cadence, constitutes an inherent musicality.
Confucius used the words "Xing, Guan, Qun and Yuan" to talk about the function of poetry. "Xing" is the origin of poetry and the emotional fluctuation caused by readers. "Scene" is the real and illusory world that readers know from poems. "Group" is to organize and unite readers with the inner power of poetry, so that people's spirit can be condensed together. "Resentment" is a venting function. Not only for poets, but also for society. Sex Guan mainly focuses on readers' acceptance; "Group, resentment" is about the poet's subjective intention.
Recitation is the best way of communication between poets and readers.
With the development of new poetry today, the lyrics have been set to music with the singing needs of professional actors, and another portal has been set up; Prose poetry, rejected by folk songs, is difficult to spread. In this way, the new poem is left with "reading" and "reciting".
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It is very difficult to choose a poem suitable for reading from the vast number of poems.
According to our standards, from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, there were more suitable reading materials. Because it was an era of sturm und drang, shouting, enlightenment, ambition, reprimand and talk were often straightforward; In addition, the opening up of literariness and the change of literary concepts in the new period make these poems different from the dull enlightenment poems and pseudo-praise poems in the past, and have strong appeal and agitation.
Later, poetry became more free, and the poet's personalized and personalized creation made the theme of poetry dull or narrow, the image of poetry became complicated, the language of poetry became unfamiliar or avoided, and the theme and details of poetry became trivial or humble. If these poems are limited to text interpretation, repeated scrutiny, or careful chewing, we can taste some poetry. But if you want to give it to actors and recite it in public, it will be difficult to have a good effect. Because as the writer Lao She said, "ears are more impatient than eyes." If you are impatient, you won't listen and you can't sit still.
However, we cannot but regret another kind of work. The poet chose some grand themes, or praised leaders, or praised mountains and rivers, or intervened in some new major events, such as the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up, the "5. 12" earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan, etc., but he applied some news or policy language to his poems very simply and casually. It seems to stand tall and loud, but it is very empty. Many poems are almost written line by line. This poetic concept poem is usually called "political lyric poem", which has hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of lines. Extremely corrupt the reader's taste.
Political lyrics are certainly more suitable for reading in public. But political lyric poetry must be poetry first, and politics is only the origin and emotional background of writing poetry. It is an illusion to think that news language and empty shouting are "political lyric".
As early as 1939, during the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Hu Feng criticized the poetry creation at that time from two aspects: on the one hand, "there is a' new' form without content, and using form to save the emptiness of content makes people seem to understand and seem mysterious." On the other hand, it is a "conceptual tendency", "just a concept or a conceptual thing, just a slogan work". (See "On Poetry by Hu Feng")
This writing is easier. Because that language doesn't come from life; Those works are not the works of poets. What is even more frightening is that this writing method has also caused negative effects, making young readers think that "political lyric poetry" is such a ferocious face and stay away from it; On the contrary, some writers with ulterior motives can use power or money to produce such works at will, which will worsen the environment of poetry.
"Poetry is not analysis, reasoning, nor news chronicle, but the crystallization of concrete life images aroused by the poet's brush strokes." These conclusions of Mr. Hu Feng still have guiding significance today.
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Anyway, we still have a book of poems recited since the founding of New China. We hope it can be used by readers to "read" and appreciate poetry in silent reading at the desk; I hope he can recite it, or provide a deductive "text" for the recitation artists, so that they can make these poems more perfect with their wonderful recitation.
New China has been established for 60 years. The 60th birthday is worth celebrating and praising for a country and a person.
We are willing to sing in the poet's voice and wish the motherland a more prosperous and beautiful tomorrow.