1. Read prose from a "literary perspective".
All poems that are exquisitely conceived, full of artistic conception or implicitly written often have an "eye". When appreciating prose, we should try our best to find a "literary eye" that can reveal the overall theme and make the finishing point, so as to understand the reasons and purposes of the author's writing. The setting of Yan Wen varies from text to text, which can be a sentence, a sentence, a detail, a trace of emotion or even a scene. Not every essay has the necessary "literary vision".
2. When reading prose, we should grasp the clues, clarify the author's ideas and accurately grasp the intention of the article.
Structure is the skeleton of the article, and clues are the context of the article, which are closely related. Grasping the clues in prose can help us have a clear idea of the work, which is not only helpful to understand the author's writing intention, but also an appreciation of the author's planning and layout skills, so as to grasp the vivid essence of prose through the appearance of prose, and analyze the intention of the article along the author's thinking. There are usually the following clues: (1) Take the image of things as a clue, such as Ba Jin's Lamp; (2) Taking emotional development as a clue, such as Yang Shuo's "Litchi Honey"; (3) Taking time sequence as a clue, such as Liu's Three Diaries of the Yangtze River; (4) Taking spatial order as a clue, such as Zhu Ziqing's green; 5] Take the activities of characters as clues, such as Lu Xun's "From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue"; (6) Take things as clues, such as Tang Tao's "trivial memories".
3. Pay attention to the characteristics of prose expression and deeply understand the content of the article.
Prose often entrusts with things. In order to make readers feel the rich connotation of the important task entrusted to them, the author often gives a meticulous description of what he has written, which is called "getting the shape and getting the heart". When reading an article, we should grasp the characteristics of "form", see "spirit" from "form" and deeply understand the content of the article.
4. Pay attention to expand association and understand the charm of the article.
The ways of association are: ① series connection: for example, Orion, Shang Shu → Zhong Bai old man → Dong Kun; (2) radiant: for example, Land focuses on "land" and writes "Love life, defend land and build land"; 3 False support: such as Praise of Poplar; 4 picture type: such as "landscape talk". Pay attention to enrich associations, from this to that, from the shallow to the deep, from the real to the virtual, so as to understand the charm of the article and understand the deeper truth.
5. Taste the language of prose.
A major feature of prose is the beauty of language. A good essay is concise and beautiful, free and flexible, and close to spoken English. Beautiful prose is full of philosophy, poetry and painting. Excellent essayists have different language styles: Lu Xun's prose language is concise and profound, Mao Dun's prose language is exquisite and profound, Guo Moruo's prose language is magnificent, Ba Jin's prose language is simple and beautiful, Zhu Ziqing's prose language is fresh and meaningful, Bing Xin's prose language is euphemistic and lively, Sun Li's prose language is plain and unpretentious, Liu's prose language is bold and unrestrained, and Yang Shuo's prose language is exquisite. What is the elegance of prose language? The language of some essays often varies with the content. For example, Lu Xun's "In Memory of Liu Hezhen Jun" is as sharp as a dagger; The language of "Good Story" is gorgeous as a cloud; The language of kites is as dignified as a deep pool. If you appreciate the language style of prose, you can appreciate the content of prose more deeply.
Problems that should be paid attention to in editing prose appreciation
1, start with the whole and sort out the context of the article. Rich materials and flexible thinking are one of the main characteristics of prose. When reading, we must focus on the whole article, pay attention to the internal relations, control the article from a macro perspective, observe the author's meaning, and pour into it. For example, The Great Wall (2000) begins with the late autumn scenery, introduces the review and reflection of history, and then returns to reality from history, deepening the theme in the contrast between history and reality, which is implicit and profound. On the basis of this overall reading, answer the question again, and you will be able to see the fire and feel comfortable.
2. Understand the background and see through the creative process. The work is the reflection of society, and the content is the product of the background. The creation of many essays is often influenced by the environment. Therefore, understanding the relevant background of the article is a key to reading and appreciating prose. When reading Animals, People and Ghosts (Spring 2000), you must carefully read your notes and analyze the background materials. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the people in the Kuomintang-controlled areas launched an anti-civil war movement, but the Kuomintang authorities acted unjustly and created the notorious "December 1" tragedy. Mr. Wen Yiduo was very sad and indignant and insisted on supporting the patriotic movement of students. He was extremely dissatisfied with the practice of individual professors who were timid and saved themselves, so he wrote this article. Looking through the creative process, understanding the author's creative intention and thoughts and feelings, and then comparing with the original text, it is not difficult to find the answers to the questions in the test paper.
3, with the help of imagination, observe the author's mood. Prose belongs to literature. When reading prose, we must give full play to association and imagination, combine personal life experience, and have a strong voice and the author's emotion. When reading "The Great Wall", if we can think of Yu's comments on the Great Wall in Dujiangyan, imagine that the Great Wall is full of wolves and smoke, and imagine the process of humiliation of the Chinese nation, it is not difficult to touch the author's sincere and boiling heart that he hopes the Chinese nation will get out of isolation and backwardness and become rich and strong.
4, find the right technique and find a breakthrough. Expressing ambition by things is one of the main methods commonly used in prose, and prose expressing ambition by things has also appeared in college entrance examination questions many times. Bao Qiu (1998), for example, is a rigorous prose that pays equal attention to emotion and literature, and contains the philosophy of life. Through the carrier of Hosta, the author reminds people to cherish time more, seize the present, seize every moment of life, make a difference, and don't waste time. This is the "Hosta Flower Spirit". Grasping this "spirit" is equivalent to finding a breakthrough in reading.
5, clear skills, improve the efficiency of answering questions. Reading prose and mastering some commonly used rhetorical devices and expression skills can improve reading efficiency and correct answer rate. Common ones are: ① metaphor. For example, what is the meaning of "beast" and "ghost" (beast, man, ghost); 2 contrast. For example, in "Holding the Ball", the vitality of Hosta Hosta is set off by sun flowers; 3 contrast. For example, "dog tail grass", "lantern grass" and "cucumber hanging in the air" in Green Vegetables (1993) are in sharp contrast to "simple and calm green vegetables that rely on the earth closely"; 4 symbols. For example, the "door" in the door (2001); ⑤ parallelism. For example, "autumn, winter, four seasons, and life" ("Reporting Autumn") is spread out layer by layer and gradually expanded, which plays a strengthening role in indicating the main idea; 6 change people. Use "I" to enhance the authenticity of the article, use "you" to facilitate lyric and dialogue, and narrow the distance with readers. Using "it" or "she" just writes the feelings of different people.
6. Look forward and backward and analyze the relationship between sentences. When reading prose, read before and after, and pay attention to the connection between sentences and paragraphs. For example, Talking about bosom friends (2002), why do you say that "the legend of bosom friends has become a part of China's traditional culture"? To answer this question, we must first clarify the relationship between the first four paragraphs. The first paragraph describes people's longing for bosom friends since the legend of bosom friends came into being. The second, third and fourth paragraphs describe the legend of bosom friends in ancient books. Combine these two parts to answer the above questions. Neither is the complete answer.
Finally, it should be pointed out that reading prose should also pay attention to stylistic features. Narrative prose emphasizes seeing the big from the small, and the relationship between form and god is the focus; Landscape prose pays attention to the blending of scenes, and the combination of scenes is the key; The prose of chanting poems expresses one's ambition by expressing things, and appreciates symbolism as much as possible. But one thing is more important, that is, to read and appreciate prose, we should use our own "heart" to discover the "heart of prose" and use our own life experience and wisdom to interpret the "song played by the author's heart".