1. Liu (surname)
Farewell, nostalgia, wishes.
In ancient poetry, parting is often associated with willow trees to express farewell. The reason is that there is an isomorphic relationship between them, and the swaying form of weak willow branches can convey the departure of relatives and friends.
The feeling of "reluctant to part" when leaving; Because of the homophonic sound of "willow" and "willow", the ancients often used folding willows to express their deep feelings of farewell. What's more, because Liu Zhiyi lives a good life, he pinned his good wishes on sending others away.
Example 1: Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night": "The sound of the jade emperor flying secretly, scattered into the spring breeze. Who can't afford to be homesick when they hear the willow break in this nocturne? " This poem is based on Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Song and Folding Willow Song", "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench and worrying about killing travelers is very poetic. ""who can't afford to miss home? "I heard the tune of" Folding Willow "tonight. Who doesn't miss my hometown?"
Example 2: Li Bai's Memories of Qin E: "The flute sounds like swallowing, and Qin E dreams of breaking Qin Louyue. Qin Louyue, Liuse every year, Fuling is injured. " The custom of breaking willows to bid farewell flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country, surrounded by willows on both sides of Baling Bridge, which became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. Later generations took "Baqiao Folding Willow" as the source of farewell allusions. Therefore, there are poems in the text, "Qingyang is more separated from strangers." Liu Yong used "tonight's wine" in Yulin Ling.
Where to Wake Up, Yang Liuan, the Morning Wind and the waning moon expresses the sadness of parting. Since the story of breaking willow at Baqiao Bridge, willow and parting seem to have some inevitable connection.
Example 3: Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi": "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow."
Example 4: Zhou Bangyan's "Warrior Lanling Willow": "The willow shade is straight, and the smoke is bright. On the Sui Dyke, I have seen it several times, and the water fluttered and the cotton was sent away. Looking at the old country, who knows, Jinghua is tired. long
Tinglu, which came last year, will cross thousands of feet.
Example 5: The poem "Farewell" reads: "The willows are green and the flowers are flying all over the sky. The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? "
The formation of this special image of willow is the product of historical and cultural accumulation, which is regulated and restricted by national culture and national psychology and has certain conventions.
★ There are many images like "Liu" in China's classical poems. These things have been endowed with certain connotations by China culture in the long historical process. For example, among the three friends, Song was endowed with resolute and upright character by Chinese culture, bamboo was endowed with upright and upright integrity, plum blossom was endowed with the spirit of fighting snow proudly, narcissus was the symbol of ice and jade, and Du Fu represented the tragic atmosphere. Appreciating ancient poetry requires understanding the unique cultural connotation of these things. As we all know, the creation of poetry is very subtle and concise. Poets' lyricism is often not the direct expression of feelings, nor the direct indoctrination of ideas, but the expression of one thing at a time. When writing about scenery, they express their feelings with scenery, and when singing about things, they express their feelings. The "scenery" and "things" written here are objective "images"; The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are subjective "intentions"; The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "image" It is not only a portrayal of real life, but also the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of his emotional thoughts. The cleverness of a poet often lies in his ability to create an image or a group of novels to express his feelings implicitly. On the other hand, only in the process of understanding the meaning of images can readers grasp the content of poetry, understand the theme of poetry, enter the artistic conception of poetry and perceive the poet's emotions. Therefore, the reading appreciation of poetry must be based on the interpretation of poetic images and the familiarity of poetic images.
Attachment: Liu: Mourning the feelings of parting: it can trigger the past like smoke, and is often used to express the feelings of ups and downs. The setting sun is deserted, leaving a weeping willow bent over. )
2. plum blossom
Plum blossoms bloom cold first, and then blossom fragrant. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, plum blossom had become a symbol of noble personality. Throughout the previous generation of poetry, the meanings expressed by the image of "plum blossom" mainly include:
(1) The courage to be the first in the world.
Example 1: Plum Blossom by Chen Liang in Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself.
Example 2: Yongmei, a fortune teller, "Wind and rain send spring home, flying snow welcomes spring ..."
(2) cold ling's unyielding toughness
Example 1: Lu Meipo's Xue Mei: "The snow in Mei Xu Xun is white, but the snow has lost a piece of plum fragrance." It can be seen that plum blossom is proud, and it also acts as the messenger of spring.
Example 2: Zhang said that the poem "Early Plum" said: "A tree with cold plum and white jade is near the bridge. I don't know if the water came first, but it is suspected that it was not sold after the winter snow. " Xu Hun's "Early Plum" also said: "Suli Snow Tree." Cold plum blossom hair, jade as snow, "I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has fragrance."
Example 3: Li Shangyin's "Plum Blossoms in Mid-November": "The winding path is secluded and not fragrant. Chang 'e is accompanied by moonlight, looking indifferent; Blue jade girl is colder than frost. Empty hands full of plum blossoms, but I don't know where to send them; And plum blossom's sad parting happened to meet me, heartbroken. Don't save it as a miss for who becomes a morning show. "Even if the girl wants to destroy the plum blossom with frost, the plum blossom that opens prematurely is still graceful and beautiful, which shows its pride.
Example 4: Yang Yi's "Youth Tour" is the first film "There are things in the south of the Yangtze River, the water is light and the clouds are light, and the snow is full of thousands of villages. Chihiro Cuiling, the fragrant branches are handed back to people. " In the snow in Xun Mei, I got the message of spring from plum blossoms. With the vast south of the Yangtze River as the background, the poet vividly showed the spirit of Mei Aoxue. Plum blossoms in the snow are not only white as snow, clear and elegant, but also messengers of spring and warm messengers!
(3) noble and refined, don't go along with others.
Mr. Lu Xun once brilliantly compared plum blossoms: "China is really like a plum tree. It looks like it is aging and decaying, and suddenly one or two new buds appear, and it has returned to the scene of flowers and lush green leaves. " He also had him stamped with a stone seal of "only plum blossom is a bosom friend" to express his noble sentiments. It can be seen that plum blossom is different from other flowers in the eyes of China literati, and its nobility is even more unusual.