High School Entrance Examination General Review Lesson Plan (1) Junior High School Entrance Examination General Review Lesson Plan (1) Part 1 Accumulation and Application Lesson 1 and 2 Character Sounds Lesson 3 and 4 Chinese Characters Lesson 5 and 6 Words (Idioms) And the use of punctuation marks in lessons 7 and 8. Rhetoric in lessons 9 and 10. Modification of faulty sentences (text) in lessons 11 and 12. Contraction, expansion and imitation of sentences in lessons 13 and 14. Recognition of famous sentences in lessons 15 and 16. 17 , 18 hours of literary knowledge and cultural knowledge, 19 hours of Chinese and foreign classics, 20 hours of oral communication, 21 hours of obtaining information and current affairs, 22 hours of picture-text conversion, 23 hours of comprehensive learning and inquiry, Part 2 of modern literature, 24 and 25 hours of narrative reading Lessons 26 and 27, expository reading. Lessons 28 and 29, argumentative reading. Lessons 30 and 31, prose reading. Lessons 32 and 33, novel reading. Lessons 34 and 35. Modern poetry reading. Part 3. Classical Chinese. Lessons 36 and 37. Classical text. No. 38. , 39 class hours of classical Chinese function words, class 40 and 41, class hours of classical Chinese sentence patterns, class 42 and 43 of classical Chinese translation, class 44 and 45 of in-class reading, class 46 and 47 of extracurricular reading, class 48 of poetry appreciation, part 4, writing, class 49 and 50 Overview of High School Entrance Examination Composition, Lesson 51 and 52, Full Propositional and Semi-propositional Composition, Lesson 53, 54, Material Composition, Lesson 55, 56, Topic Composition, Lesson 57, 58, Topic Composition, Lessons 59, 60, Key Points of Composition for High Scores in High School Entrance Examination, No. 61-90 Lesson Comprehensive (Simulation) Exercises General Review Lesson Plan for the Chinese Language Examination (1) First and Second Lesson Phonetics 1. Review Key Points "Chinese Curriculum Standards" (Experimental Draft) proposes "Learn Chinese Pinyin and be able to speak Mandarin." Junior high school students "accumulate a total of 3,500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 3,000 can be written." "On the basis of skillfully writing block characters with a hard pen, they will learn standardized and popular regular script and improve their writing speed." Analysis of test points The students passed three years For junior high school students, you should be able to correctly read the pronunciation of about 3,500 commonly used words. Students should understand the "Chinese Pinyin Plan", master the rules of Chinese Pinyin, and recognize and read the syllables of Chinese Pinyin. Judging from the high school entrance examinations in recent years, the pronunciation test is generally placed at the front of the test paper, often the first question, and the score of the test question is often between two and four points. Some adopt the form of selection, and some adopt the form of allowing students to note phonetic notes. Focus on two-syllable words or idioms. What is tested is often the pronunciation of some polyphonic words, easily mispronounced words, and common words commonly used in daily life. In the high school entrance examination questions in recent years, the pronunciation of Chinese characters is often tested in reading questions, requiring students to determine the pronunciation of polyphonic words and key words based on the context. Test Preparation Guide The Chinese language teaching syllabus has given us clear requirements. Students should master the pronunciation of about 3,500 commonly used words based on the teaching materials. At the same time, you need to know some common sense about audio. Pronunciation review focuses on solid review. When reviewing, students should understand the following content in phonetic notation. 1. Master 21 initials and finals: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s 21 finals: (7 single finals) a o e i u ü er (6 complex finals) ai ei ao ou ie üe (8 nasal finals) an en in ün ang eng ing ong 2. Accurate calibration and calibration of the four tones. Five tones: "-" (one tone), "＇" (second tone), "ˇ " (third tone), "｀" (fourth tone) and softly. Tips for marking tunes: "If there is ɑ, don't miss it. If there is no ɑ, look for o and e. Mark i and u side by side. It goes without saying a single vowel." Use of sound isolation symbols: syllables starting with ɑ, o, and e are connected to other syllables. When following a syllable, the boundaries of the syllables are confused and separated by ('), such as leather jacket (ｐí'ǎｏ). 3. Spelling notes: Spelling rules: When i becomes a syllable by itself, add y in front of it, like 衣 (yi). When there is no initial consonant in front of the final in the u line, write u as w, like Wu (wu). If there is no initial consonant in front of the final of the ü line, y should be added, and the two dots above ü are omitted, as in yu (yu); the final in the ü line is combined with j, q, or x, and the two dots above ü are omitted, as in ju (ju), Qu (qu) and need (xu) are combined with n and l. These two points cannot be omitted, such as female (nü) and LV (lü). Capitalization and conjunctions: The first letter of proper names such as names of people and places should be capitalized; the first letter of each sentence should also be capitalized. When spelling Chinese characters, words should be written consecutively and words should be written separately. The final rhyme is written as er, and when used as the final rhyme, it is written as r. For example: "children" is spelled ér tóng, and "花er" is spelled huār. When iou,uei,uen are preceded by initial consonants, they are written as iu,ui,un. For example, niu (ox), gui (return), lun (discussion). b p m f w can only be spelled with "o", not "uo". For example: "wave" can only be spelled as "bo", not "buo", "我" can only be spelled as "wo" but not "wuo". 4. Recognize and memorize the pronunciations of modern Mandarin Chinese characters to avoid misunderstandings.
The main reasons for misreading are: ① Misreading polyphonic words. There are two to three hundred polyphonic characters in common words. It is necessary to understand the different meanings of such characters in different contexts; ②Misreading of pictophonetic characters. The "phonetic side" of picophonetic characters indicates the phonetic sound. However, due to the difference in pronunciation between ancient and modern times, about 70% of modern Chinese pictophonetic characters can no longer be pronounced according to their "phonetic side", and some of their initial consonants have changed. If we don't pay attention to these changes and still read according to the pronunciation of "phonetic", misreading will occur. ③Misreading of similar characters. 5. To deal with the pronunciation problem, you must be a thoughtful person in life and study. (1) Pay attention to daily accumulation. We should base ourselves on daily life, every text we learn, and every article we read. When you encounter a word you don't know or a word you are not sure you can pronounce correctly, you should check the dictionary frequently. Over time, misreadings will be greatly reduced. (2) Regular inspection and consolidation. In order to prevent forgetting, special attention should be paid to some easily confused pronunciations. It should be consolidated through a certain amount of practice, and it can also be improved through mutual inspection among classmates. (3) Improve the effectiveness of review. Words are inseparable from words, and the learning of word pronunciation cannot be separated from the specific word environment. The pronunciation, meaning and use of words must be organically combined for review. 2. Examples of High School Entrance Examination Codes 1. The following item with the red letter in red has an incorrect pronunciation (C) A. Fat (zhī) Dry (hé) Relaxed and happy (yí) B. Burly (wú), brewing (niàng), no news (yǎo) C． Lake (bó) Harmony (xié) He is exhausted and I am full (jié) D. Ragged (lǚ), violation (wéi), shout out (jí) Analysis: This question mainly tests the pronunciation of common polyphonic sounds. The "波" in "lake" in item C should be pronounced "pō". 2. Which of the following words with red letters in phonetic pronunciation is completely correct (B) A. clang (qāng) move (nuó) not without benefit (bì) B. Strings (xián) Tattered (lǚ) Singing and dancing (zài) C. Exchange (duì), Process (chù), Laugh (hōng) D. Swaying (yè) Villa (shù) Highlighting events (xuān) Analysis: This question mainly tests the rules of Chinese Pinyin and the pronunciation of common words (including polyphonic words). The phonetic pronunciation "qāng" of "锵" in item A itself does not comply with the Chinese phonetic spelling rules. "Chu" in item C is a polyphonetic character and should be pronounced three times here. As for "place", students should be able to distinguish when it is pronounced with three tones and under what circumstances it is pronounced with four tones. In item D, the word "Xuan" in "big event rendering" should be pronounced four times. 3. Add phonetic notation to the red words below and write the Chinese characters according to the pinyin. (1) Lifelike _____ xiào ____ (2) Towering ____ sǒng __ Analysis: This question mainly tests the pronunciation of commonly used words. "Xiao" itself is a polyphonic word. It means reading "xiào" or "xiāo". Students should be able to distinguish the pronunciation of this commonly used multi-phonetic character. "Sh" is a commonly used word, but some students often mispronounce it as "ěr". 4. The following phonetic notations with red letters are correct (B) A. Bloom (zhàn) Symmetry (chèng) Hidden growth (qián) B. Consideration (zhēn) Attack (xí) Deep aversion to pain (wù) C. Appearance (mó) Teaching (huì) Disdain to argue (xiè) D. Beware (tí) Compensation (cháng) Inaccessible (hǎn) Analysis: This question mainly tests the pronunciation of common polyphonic words. The "symmetry" in item A is a polyphonic word and should be pronounced "chèn". The "mode" in "appearance" in item C should be pronounced "mú". The word "ti" in "beware" in item D is a polyphonic word, so it should be read as "dī" here. 5. Read the following sentences, give the phonetic notation for the words in red, and fill in the Chinese characters according to the pinyin. (1) Not eating the food that comes after you complain shows the integrity of the Chinese people. (2) Plants synthesize these foods, most of which are used to form bodies and stored in seeds or roots and tubers. zhù___ Analysis: These two words are common in life, but students are prone to mistakes. "嗟" is easily pronounced as "chā". "Chu" is easily pronounced as "chǔ". 6. The one with the red letter in the following words has the same pronunciation: (A) pronunciation of the word. The two characters in item A are both pronounced zｈhé, in item B the word "drop" is pronounced chuò, and the word "fix" is pronounced zhuì, in item C the word "瞠" is pronounced chēｎｇ, the word "tang" is pronounced táｎｇ, and the word "枞" in item D is pronounced qǐ, "extreme". Read jǐ. 3. Simulation exercises: Chinese characters in the third and fourth classes 1. Analysis of test points The "Chinese Teaching Syllabus" and "Chinese Curriculum Standards" stipulate that middle school students should be able to master about 3,500 commonly used characters.
In the high school entrance examination, the main purpose of checking Chinese characters is to accurately distinguish common homophones, to be able to distinguish simple similar characters, and to understand the pronunciation and meaning of common polyphonic and polysemous characters in different words. At the same time, students are required to write the strokes of Chinese characters Clear, correct and standardized fonts. Judging from the high school entrance examinations in recent years, the Chinese character test is usually placed after the pronunciation test, or is combined with the pronunciation questions, and the score of the test questions is usually two to four points. Some adopt the form of selection, and some adopt the form of asking students to write Chinese characters according to pinyin. The contents of the examination all appear in the textbooks, and commonly used words that are easy to make mistakes are used. In addition, students should also understand the structure of Chinese characters, master the stroke order and strokes of common characters, identify the phonetic and phonetic characters of phonetic characters, be proficient in using Chinese reference books, and learn the radical and phonetic sequence detection methods. The examination of Chinese characters is not limited to multiple-choice questions or fill-in-the-blank questions. Students' understanding of Chinese characters is also often tested in reading questions. 2. Exam Preparation Guide When reviewing, students should accumulate Chinese characters lesson by lesson based on the teaching materials. List the key words that appear in each lesson. For polyphonic and polysemous characters, one should be able to analyze the accurate pronunciation and meaning of Chinese characters according to the specific context. For words with similar shapes, we should pay attention to the use of comparison methods to distinguish their differences. (1) Methods to correct and prevent typos 1. Distinguish the shapes and pay attention to the pronunciation of the characters. For example, "贝" is mostly related to property, "任" is mostly related to people, "饣" is mostly related to food; "纺" is mostly related to silk, cotton, and linen, "氵" is mostly related to water; "衤" is mostly related to It’s related to clothes; “Moon” is mostly related to the body. 2. Look clearly at the consonants and distinguish words with homophones. For example, "Cang" should not be written as "Lun", and "often" should not be written as "Jingchang". 3. Distinguish the meanings of words with similar shapes, such as "Jian" and "Guan"; distinguish the meanings of words with homophones, such as "ambition" and "revenge". 4． Remember the minority leads to the majority. "徶" and "廴", there are only three characters from "廴": "ting, jian, yan", the rest all come from "徶". 5. Do not simplify arbitrarily (2) Strokes and stroke order When writing Chinese characters, from putting down the pen to lifting up the pen, it is one stroke or a stroke, and these dots or strokes are called strokes. There are eight basic strokes in Chinese characters, namely: dot, horizontal, vertical, left, n, hook, fold, and lift. Each stroke has one or several variations. The order of strokes when writing is called stroke order. There are eight common stroke order rules: left first and then right, such as "cognition", "help", "ze", "ren", etc.; first up and then down, such as "王", "Dan", "En", "Dream", etc.; horizontal first and then vertical, such as "十", "干", "lord", "well", etc.; first left and then suppressed, such as "人", "文", "Ling", "义", etc. ; From the outside to the inside, such as "tong", "yue", "wen", "wind", etc.; first and then close, such as "garden", "field", "yin", "guo", etc.; first the middle, then Both sides, such as "小", "水", "波", "小", etc.; first the inner part, then the side parts, such as "broken", "painting", "Han", etc. Learning and mastering the rules of Chinese character strokes and stroke order will help us correctly check dictionaries and dictionaries and guide writing. It can also make the written fonts neat and beautiful and improve the writing speed. (3) Phonophonetic characters Phytophonetic characters are composed of two parts, one part represents the meaning of the word, and the other part represents the pronunciation of the word. The part that expresses the meaning of the word is called the form part, and the part that indicates the pronunciation of the word is called the sound part. There are six main ways to combine form and voice. Left shape and right voice: Partial copper freezes to conquer the city of salt. Right shape and left voice: Attacking force cuts the ladle, so female. Upper shape and lower voice: Guan Shuangba Fangya boundary. Lower shape. Upper voice: Ci ax tribute and anger stool ointment. External shape and inner voice: solid disease valve The inner shape and outer sound of the garden are wrapped in the heart: hearing and asking are dull and debating (4) Similar characters, homophones, and polysyllabic characters. Some characters are similar in shape and form. If you are not careful to distinguish them, it is easy to write or use them incorrectly. For example, the difference between the word "wei" in "future" and the word "mo" in "ending" is only in the length of the two horizontal strokes at the beginning of the stroke, but the meanings are completely different. Correctly writing and using similar-shaped characters mainly depends on carefulness. Identify the shape of the character and the meaning of the character. Understand and write carefully one stroke at a time. While accumulating vocabulary, you must also distinguish between words with similar pronunciations. These words are called homophones. For example, "Huan", "Huan", "Huan" are all pronounced. "huàn", "bi" and "bi" all have the same pronunciation as "bì". There are also some words with similar pronunciation, such as " Zhuó" (zhuó) and " Zhu" (zhú). To distinguish words with the same or similar pronunciation, start with the meaning of the words. , and remember what words are often used to form words. Words with more than one pronunciation and more than one meaning are called polyphonic words. To distinguish such words, you must also start with the meaning of the word. Remember what the sound means when you read it, and what it means when you read it. What does a sound mean? For example: "Bo" is used to pronounce "báo" to indicate thickness; used to pronounce "bó" to indicate thinness and weakness; used to pronounce "mint" to pronounce "bò". ", is the name of a plant.