As the exam approaches, it is inevitable that candidates will feel nervous and anxious. However, if candidates want to ensure their normal performance in the exam, they must adjust their mentality and deal with their anxiety as soon as possible.
Psychologists have found that reading can have a good therapeutic effect on psychological diseases such as anxiety. A survey found that people who have a strong interest in reading are generally more open-minded and can understand life correctly. They rarely cause psychological sticking points because of difficulties or setbacks in life, and even if they have some sticking points, they can be solved quickly.
Coleridge, a British literary critic, said: "A good book is a pharmacy, and every article in it is a pill, and its efficacy is lasting."
introduction of bibliotherapy
bibliotherapy, also called bibliotherapy. The history of reading therapy research in the west is more than a hundred years. In 1848, J. M? Galt read the paper "On Reading, Recreation and Recreation of Psychopaths" at the annual meeting of American Psychiatry, put forward the function of bibliotherapy, and analyzed the types of patients and the corresponding reading prescriptions, which was considered as the first paper of bibliotherapy research. Samuel, an American in 1916? Croce coined and used the word Reading therapy in Atlantic Monthly. In 1961, I earned the third edition of Webster's New International Dictionary.
In fact, as a medical practice, bibliotherapy has existed for a long time in China, and many medical records about bibliotherapy have been recorded in historical books. Mr. Wang Bo, an elite of Peking University Library, who is proficient in history books, confirmed through a large number of historical materials that our ancestors used books as medicine to treat diseases one or two thousand years ago, and there were prescriptions for reading therapy like Book Materia Medica. Liu Xiang also pointed out in the Western Han Dynasty: "Books are still medicine, and good readers can cure fools." This is a metaphor, but also refers to reality. "Medical stupidity" is to enlighten the mind and increase knowledge. With more knowledge, a higher realm, an open mind, a broad mind, and no worries and worries, we can resolve all kinds of worries and maintain a healthy and optimistic state of mind, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases and preventing diseases without diseases. It can be seen that reading has a spiritual effect that cannot be underestimated in treating diseases and preserving health, and the principle of reading therapy is interlinked with "adjusting emotions and cultivating self-cultivation".
Third, when to read
(1) Tired of studying, mentally tired
Students in senior three often have inattention, distraction and "distraction" in their studies. The causes of distraction may be as follows: boredom caused by monotonous stimulation, such as repetitive and boring learning materials; Negating the value of the object of attention leads to the failure of will efforts or giving up efforts; Another situation is the fatigue effect caused by mental fatigue.
From a psychological point of view, when we are engaged in the same job for a long time, we are prone to feel tired, so as to protect ourselves from excessive fatigue. In other words, the human body will suppress fatigue by reducing work efficiency. If we don't pay attention to rest at this time and let the tired situation continue, the learning effect will get worse and worse and the efficiency will get lower and lower. If we blame ourselves for the low learning efficiency and increase the amount of study, it will add insult to injury and may also lead to anxiety. This cycle will lead to a vicious circle. The so-called "sharpening the knife does not make a mistake", when we are tired, we should take a proper rest, flip through magazines and read books to make us feel happy.
(2) Make full use of spare time
Time is often not wasted hour by hour, but slips away quietly minute by minute. Pieces of time are the most precious, but they are the easiest to throw away. As long as you do a brief calculation, you will understand how much weight the so-called spare time occupies in your day. We spend a lot of time waiting every day: we have to wait for the bus to go to school in the morning, we have to wait in line for dinner in the school cafeteria at noon, and we may have to wait for the bus to go home after school in the afternoon ... There are two poems by Lu Fangweng called "Call a child not to make a fire by himself, but to study after dinner". It is quite difficult to wait for dinner in the future. Isn't it wonderful to use it for reading? Similarly, it is better to read a beautiful essay calmly than to waste our time waiting in the middle of our minds.
(3) Before going to bed
A person's brain must have enough sleep if he wants to think clearly and react sensitively. If he doesn't get enough rest for a long time, his creative thinking and ability to deal with things will be affected. It takes ten years to grind a sword, but now it is drawn. For candidates, a serious examination atmosphere will inevitably make people feel a little flustered, and excessive tension will also cause insomnia.
British philosopher Bacon said, "Reading is enough to make people happy." Reading a book before going to bed can make us feel calmer and fall asleep more smoothly. For example, the famous British poet Keats' masterpiece "Go to Sleep", and China contemporary writer Chen Danyan's "Dance" and other prose collections are good bedtime reading materials.
4. What to read
(1) Reading the news
It is impossible to "read the sage books wholeheartedly" in the third year of high school, but also "hear and smell things outside the window". Watching "News Network", flipping through "Half-monthly Talk" magazine and reading recent newspapers can not only understand current affairs information, but also expand knowledge, and will play a positive role in grasping the direction of college entrance examination proposition. After reading too many editorials and commentary articles, are you afraid that you don't know how to put pen to paper when writing argumentative essays?
(2) Reading jokes and humorous stories
When our hearts are full of anxiety and sorrow, our bodies will have symptoms such as muscle tension, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, dizziness, nausea and sweating. Laughing heartily can make our bodies fully relaxed and our spirits free and liberated. Therefore, reading humor and joke stories will make us feel comfortable after smiling, or understand the world and relieve our worries and anger, thus eliminating the tension and anxiety. Books and periodicals such as Humor, Ancient and Modern Jokes, Satire and Humor, and Comic King can make us say goodbye to our worries and irritability.
(3) Reading Poems
As early as 2,4 years ago, Confucius once said to his disciples, "Poetry can be enjoyed, observed, shared and resented." The so-called "xing" refers to imagination and association; "Observation" refers to observation; "Group" refers to gregarious; "Resentment" refers to venting grievances. Generally speaking, reading poetry can make people have rich imagination and association, and achieve the purpose of adjusting emotions and calming their minds in a subtle way; Reading poems can make people understand human society, gain insight into life and learn the truth of being human. Reading poems can help us get along with others better and integrate ourselves with society. Reading poems can vent grievances and relieve depression, so as to achieve the purpose of bathing in the snow and calming the mind.
Ma Jian, a professor of clinical basis of traditional Chinese medicine at Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, believes that classical poetry has the effect of preventing psychosomatic diseases. "Classical poetry is short and pithy, which is suitable for modern fast-paced life; Rich and colorful content meets the needs of people's hearts; The distant and profound artistic conception calmed people's impetuous hearts. For example, poems such as "A faint crow with a withered vine and a small bridge flowing with water" can often calm the impetuous mind, while poems such as "Autumn is sad and lonely since ancient times, and I say autumn is better than spring" often make the depressed mood high, and chanting "Are we people from Artemisia?" can make the frustrated people high-spirited ... "
Poetry therapy is also very popular abroad. After years of research, doctors at the University of Bristol in England believe that "reading poetry can treat anxiety and depression more effectively than swallowing pills." In the psychiatric department of a hospital in the famous Italian city of Milan, doctors led patients with depression to read aloud Longfellow's "Praise of Life". Many pharmacies in the United States have well-bound, beautifully printed poems for sale as medicines or health products, with instructions on their functions, usage and taboos.
(4) Reading Prose
The sentences in prose are usually elegant, subtle, gentle and wonderful, sometimes flowing like clouds, sometimes dancing like singing and dancing, sometimes playing the guzheng is breathtaking, and sometimes like the mist on a rainy day, I don't know where to go. Regardless of remembering people, taking notes or writing scenes, prose has one of the biggest characteristics, that is, it is written for feelings, and each narrative theme is the condensation point of the author's thoughts and feelings. Prose can make us treat life with a casual attitude and read prose. We can see the simple truth in life through the impetuousness and hubbub in reality. Reading the essays of Zhang Xiaofeng, Lin Qingxuan, Liu Yong and Yu Qiuyu can bring peace, hope and courage to our anxious, hesitant and depressed hearts. In addition, leisure books such as Reader, East, West, North and South, and Youth Digest especially like to publish some articles with beautiful words and rich philosophy, which can make people suddenly enlightened after reading them.
(5) Reading novels and masterpieces
Since 28, the Chinese college entrance examination has been greatly adjusted, and the reading of famous works and masterpieces has been included in the examination scope. The examination syllabus clearly requires candidates to understand the main contents and artistic features of famous works. The titles of famous works are also stipulated in the Appendix, including ten works, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dream of Red Mansions, Shout, Home, Border Town, Eugénie Grandet, The Old Man and the Sea, Goddess, Thunderstorm and Hamlet.
Psychologists have found that the function of reading novels is not only to entertain, drive away boredom, and forget the pain and troubles, but more importantly, readers will involuntarily sing in different degrees with the emotional connotation of the works in the process of reading, so as to enjoy beauty, arouse some lofty feelings or change their attitude towards life. Rich reading psychological experience can also help readers gradually establish a healthy and peaceful mentality, overcome psychological barriers and enhance their self-confidence.
Senior three students, I hope you can read "light books" after your intense study. I believe you will get wisdom and happiness from it.
(Author: No.3 Middle School in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. E-mail: Guojing_73@sina.com)
Editor/Yu Hong