Ancient poetry includes poems and songs.
1. From the form of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poems such as "Song", "Song", "Qu" and "Ling", which are also ancient poems. Ancient poetry does not talk about antithesis, and rhymes casually. The development track of ancient poetry is: The Book of Songs → Songs of the South →
Modern poetry includes metrical poems and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as poems, long and short sentences, songs, songs and Yuefu. It is characterized by a fixed tone, a fixed number of sentences and a fixed tone of words. Different words can be divided into long tone (above 9 1 word), middle tone (59-90 words) and poetic tone (below 58 words). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic.
④ Qu, also known as Yu Ci and Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu originated in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style is similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and suites (suites). Suite number is a coherent group of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each assembly number is the first.
2. From the theme of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Lyrics about scenery, lyric poems praising scenic spots and describing natural scenery. Because of their dissatisfaction with reality, some ancient poets often express their feelings with landscapes and express their thoughts and feelings by depicting rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poems often express their feelings in the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Their style is fresh and natural.
(2) The poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and personality of the object to be sung, in order to entrust the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideal.
I feel nostalgic for poetry, which aroused the poet's feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
Recalling the past and chanting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing one's own opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Frontier poems, which describe the frontier scenery and the military life of soldiers guarding the frontier, or express their optimism or homesickness, are tragic in style and bold in brushwork.
Metric: the general name for the formal requirements of classical poetry. "Ge" is the format, including the number of sentences in a certain poetic style, the number of words in each sentence, the rhythm, the format (sentence pattern) of some sentences, antithesis (similar to the "duality" of rhetoric) and so on. "Rhythm" is rhythm, including the level of each sentence, the rhyme of the sentence, the requirements of rhyme and so on.
From the perspective of meter, poetry can be divided into classical poetry and modern poetry. Modern poetry is also called modern poetry or metrical poetry, including quatrains. From the word count, there are four-character poems, five-character poems, six-character poems and seven-character poems. There are few four-character poems and six-character poems.
Classical poetry is written in the style of ancient poetry. To put it simply, all poems that are not written according to the rules of modern poetry and are not bound by the rules of modern poetry are classical poems (regardless of this book).
Modern poetry can be roughly divided into three types: regular poetry, exclusive poetry and quatrains.
Modern poetry is represented by metrical poems, which refer to poems written according to certain metrical patterns. Although there are many aspects of metrical poems that pay attention to rhyme, balance and antithesis, they mainly have the following four characteristics:
(1) Each song is limited to eight sentences, with 40 words in five laws and 56 words in seven laws;
(2) They are all rhymed;
(3) stipulate the level of each sentence;
(4) Every song should have antithesis, and the position of antithesis is also stipulated.
There is a metrical poem with more than eight sentences, which is called long rhythm. Long rhyme is generally five words, and the number of rhymes is often marked on the topic. For example, Wang Wei's "Henan Yan, Visitors Pay Ten Rhymes" is a hundred words; Bai Juyi's "Poems with Hundred Rhymes" is a thousand words. This long method uses antithesis except tail (or head-tail connection), so it is also called parallelism.
The number of words in quatrains is half less than that in metrical poems, which is equivalent to half a metrical poem in form, so metrical requirements are the same as metrical poems.
In addition, the five principles and seven essential points are
First of all, these concepts are not independent, they sometimes cross each other.
Ancient poetry is divided into two categories, one is ancient poetry, the other is modern poetry.
Modern poetry includes metrical poems and quatrains.
Quatrain
China's poetic style, also called punctuation, punctuation and poem ending, is usually composed of five words and seven words. It originated from the ballads of the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, quatrains in the near aspect prevailed, and the meter was the same as the first, last or middle four sentences in eight metrical poems. Therefore, some people in the Tang Dynasty attributed quatrains to metrical poems.
Lvshi
One of China's modern poems, with strict meter, originated in the Southern Dynasties. Metric poetry requires the unity of the number of words in the poem, and each poem is five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences for short. Among them, six-character poems are rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate eight sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called fine-print poem or three-rhyme poem. If it is more than eight sentences, that is, more than 10 sentences, it is called exclusive law or long law. Usually an eight-sentence poem is completed, and every two sentences become couplets, which is called quadruple. Traditionally, the first couplet is called question couplet, the second couplet is called parallel couplet, the third couplet is called neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is called conclusion sentence. Each poem has two or three couplets (that is, a pair of parallel prose). The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme. The first sentence can be pledged or not, and the words in each sentence of the metrical poem are flat and parallel. In the upper and lower sentences, there are two kinds: flat and even. In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains. In a word, the difference is that there are four quatrains and eight metrical poems.
Poetry in ancient style
Classical poetry, also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, has four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters and miscellaneous characters. Five characters and seven characters are widely used in the world. Five characters are called five characters for short, and seven characters are called seven characters for short. Classical poetry does not limit the number of sentences, does not seek antithesis, and does not emphasize even words, so its rhyme is relatively free. Modern poetry is relatively old. Two sentences are called antithesis, and together they are called couplets. One or two sentences are called couplets, three or four are called couplets, five or six are called couplets, and seven or eight are called couplets. Generally speaking, couplets and couplets should be couplets. The first sentence can rhyme but not rhyme. Five words are abbreviated as five methods, and seven words are abbreviated as seven methods. There are more than ten sentences called alliteration. Some of the front couplets are antithetical, similar to the neck couplets and tail couplets of rhythmic poems; Some of the couplets are antithetical sentences, similar to the couplets and necklaces of metrical poems; Some don't need confrontation, similar to the first couplet and the last couplet of metrical poems. The rhyme of a quatrain is in two or four sentences, usually a flat rhyme. If the first sentence rhymes, it is also leveling the phonetic words. There are two kinds of quatrains, five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which are called "five quatrains" and "seven quatrains" for short.
Han Yuefu During the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties in China in the Middle Ages, the central government set up a special official Yuefu to manage music and songs, which was responsible for collecting and compiling all kinds of music and singing with poems. These poems sung by music are called Yuefu poems, also referred to as Yuefu poems. Stylistically, Yuefu poems are mainly composed of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. The sentence pattern is flexible and free, the language is natural and fluent, easy to understand, catchy and life-oriented.
2. It reflects the pain of people being displaced;
3. Criticized the decadent life of the upper class. His artistry mainly includes;
1, narrative elements account for a large proportion, and characters are shaped through narrative. Starting from Yuefu, China's narrative poems began a new era;
2. Bixing is widely used, which is not found in previous poems;
3. There are various forms, including four sentences, five sentences and miscellaneous sentences, and the language is lively. Yuefu folk songs inherit and carry forward the tradition of The Book of Songs, and their ideological content and artistry have reached a high level. The difference between Yuefu folk songs and modern poetry is that the sentence patterns are more flexible and free, the metaphor is widely used, the forms are diverse, and the language is lively. And quatrains and rhymes pay attention to strict meter and level tone.