1. Common sense questions on nineteen ancient poems
Common sense questions on nineteen ancient poems 1. Literary common sense on nineteen ancient poems
Edit this paragraph] "Ancient Poetry Introduction to "Nineteen Ancient Poems"〖Title〗 "Nineteen Ancient Poems", the name of the group of poems, was first seen in "Selected Works". It was compiled by Liang Xiaotong of the Southern Dynasty from the "Ancient Poems" handed down by unknown people. The editor compiled these poems that have lost their original names. The five-character poems were collected under this name and listed at the top of the "miscellaneous poems" category, and later generations regarded them as group poems.
"There is a tall building in the northwest", "Forging the river to pick hibiscus", "The bright moon shines at night", "A solitary bamboo grows slowly", "There is a strange tree in the courtyard", "Altair is far away", "Returning to the car and driving with words", "East City" "High and long", "Driving to the east gate", "Those who have gone are sparse", "Born less than a hundred years", "Cold clouds at dusk", "The cold weather is coming", "Guests come from afar", "How bright is the bright moon" 》. 〖Author and writing time〗 There are many opinions about the author and era of "Nineteen Ancient Poems". The note under the title of "Selected Poems of Zhaoming, Miscellaneous Poems, Nineteen Ancient Poems" once explained it very clearly: "I don't know if the ancient poems are combined. author".
It has been said that some of them were created by Meicheng, Fu Yi, Cao Zhi, Wang Can and others. For example, eight of the "New Odes of Yutai" were titled Han Meicheng, and later generations doubted their accuracy. . Modern people comprehensively examine the emotional tendencies, the social life situations reflected in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" and its sophisticated artistic skills. It is generally believed that it was not written by one person at a time. It should have been produced at the end of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before Emperor Xian, that is, between 140 and 190 AD.
〖Significance〗 "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a significant symbol of the literatiization of Yuefu's ancient poetry. The literati of the late Han Dynasty paid attention to the value of individual survival, which enabled them to establish a more extensive and profound emotional connection with the social and natural environment in which they lived.
Things that used to be associated with external achievements, such as emperors and princes’ ancestral temple sacrifices, civil and martial arts, hunting and recreation, and even the capital’s officialdom, etc., once dominated the subject field of literature, but now give way to The entry and exit, friendship, love, and even streets and fields, phenological solar terms, literary themes, styles, and techniques related to the poet's real life and spiritual life have undergone tremendous changes. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" plays an important role in the development of five-character poetry and is also of great significance in the history of Chinese poetry. Its subject matter, content and expression techniques are imitated by later generations and have almost formed a model.
Its artistic style also influenced the creation and criticism of later generations of poetry. As far as the actual development of ancient poetry is concerned, it is not an exaggeration to call it "the crown of five-character poetry" and "the ancestor of five-character poetry through the ages."
In the history of poetry, there are comments that "Nineteen Ancient Poems" are the most powerful ancient five-character poems. For example, King Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said that "(Nineteen Poems) are not as good as "Three Hundred Poems" in terms of reasoning, but he criticized the elegance of the poems. , Broken Foot and Broken Foot are the ancestors of the Five Languages ??through the ages." Lu Shiyong said, "(nineteen poems) are called Fengyu and the mother of poetry."
"Nineteen Ancient Poems" commented: "The text is gentle and beautiful, the meaning is sad but distant, and thrilling. It can be said that every word is worth a thousand dollars. ... The human generation is extinct, but the voiceless voice is far away, how sad!" - Zhong Rong's "Poetry" "Looking at the structure of his prose, it is straight but not wild, tactfully attached, and full of emotions, which is really the crown of the five words."
——Liu Xie's "Literary Heart Diaolong·" "Poetry of the Ming Dynasty" "The images are exquisite and the meaning is profound and graceful. You can really weep ghosts and gods and move the heaven and earth." - Hu Yinglin's "Poetry Sou" "The reason "Nineteen Poems" is regarded as the most famous writer through the ages is that it can express the feelings shared by everyone. People want to achieve their goals, but how many people can achieve their goals? How about being poor and lowly despite being rich? Who doesn’t have separation? From my thoughts, I guess it’s normal to see others abandon each other.
Those who have lost their lifelong companionship don’t know the sadness, and they don’t know the happiness anymore. This sorrow is over. The pursuit of ministers, abandonment of wives and friends all have the same purpose.
Therefore, although "Nineteen Poems" have two meanings, it will hurt my heart if everyone reads it. The reason why this poem is a matter of temperament is that everyone has the same emotions, so everyone has his or her own poetry.
But everyone has emotions but cannot express them. I can’t exhaust them all, so I recommend “Nineteen Poems” as the best.”——Chen Zuoming of the Qing Dynasty, "Selected Ancient Poems of Caishutang" [Edit this paragraph] The full text of the nineteen ancient poems and the translation of "Xing Xing Xing Xing Xing", line by line, line by line. , parting with you.
More than ten thousand miles apart, each is at the end of the world. The road is long and difficult, but we know the meeting will be safe.
Hu horses follow the north wind, and flying birds face the south branches. The day is far away from each other, and the clothes are worn slowly.
The floating clouds cover the day, and the wanderer is reckless. Missing you makes you grow old, and the years are suddenly too late.
Don’t give up donating, don’t return to the road, and work hard to get more food.
Translation: You walked and walked and kept walking, and we were separated in this way. You and I are thousands of miles apart. I am on this side of the sky and you are on the other side of the sky. The road is so difficult and dangerous and so far away. , To meet, you know when the horse from the north comes to the south, still clinging to the north wind, and the birds from the south fly north to build their nests on the south branches. The longer we are separated from each other, the clothes become looser and the people become thinner. The wandering clouds The sun has been covered, and the wanderer in a foreign land does not want to return again. Just because I miss you, I have grown old, and another year has come to an end quickly. There are many things in my heart that I have not said. I just hope that you will take care of yourself. Suffering from hunger and cold. Part 2 of "Green Grass by the River" The grass by the river is green and the willows are lush in the garden. The girl upstairs is shining brightly at the window. E'e is wearing red makeup and her slender hands are bare. The prodigal son never returns, and it is difficult to stay alone in an empty bed. Translation: The lush grass by the river, the lush tall willows in the garden. Upstairs, the graceful woman stands in front of the window, her white skin is as white as the bright moon. She is well-groomed. She is pretty and holds out her slender fingers. She used to be a singer (*the house girls in the Han Dynasty are different from the so-called brothel girls in later generations), but now she has become a wandering wife who likes to wander around. A wandering husband. I haven't come back yet. It's really hard to endure the loneliness of being alone in this empty house. How can I stand alone! "The Cypress on the Green Tomb" Part 3: The Cypress on the Green Tomb, the Stone in the Leilei Stream. Life in the world, suddenly like a faraway traveler. Fighting and drinking for entertainment, talking about thick and thin. Driving horses, playing games with Wan and Luo. How gloomy is Luo Zhong, The crowns and ribbons are connected to each other. There are long alleys and many mansions of princes. The two palaces face each other in the distance, and the two palaces are more than a hundred feet away. It is a feast to entertain the mind, and Qi Qihe is forced to translate it. Green cypress trees grow on the mausoleum, and they gather in the stream. Piles of stones. Human beings live and grow between heaven and earth.
2. Fill in the blanks with general knowledge about literature and culture (1 point for each blank, ***11 points) Sub-question 1: "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is five
Sub-question 1: Selected Works< /p>
Small topic 1: The history of poetry is melancholy
Small topic 1: Li Shangyin
Small topic 1: Yi An is graceful
Small topic 1 ：Legend
Subtopic 1: Guan Hanqing
Subtopic 1: New Moon
Subtopic 1: Hengshan, Songshan Mountain
Subtopic 1: This question examines the source of "Nineteen Ancient Poems".
Question 1: This question examines the evaluation of Du Fu as a poet.
Question 1: This question examines two poets named Du among the poets of the late Tang Dynasty, who have relatively high achievements in poetry.
Question 1: This question examines Li Qingzhao’s name. A layman is a person who believes in Buddhism at home. She belongs to the graceful school of poetry style.
Question 1: This question tests your understanding of opera.
Question 1: This question tests your understanding of the four great masters of Yuan opera. Among them, Guan Hanqing ranks first.
Question 1: This question examines the styles and schools of modern poetry. Among them, the Crescent School made certain achievements in the history of poetry.
Question 1: This question tests your understanding of the Five Sacred Mountains.
3. Nineteen Ancient Poems
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Nineteen ancient poems: a collection of poem titles. Written by an unknown person in the Han Dynasty (including eight "New Odes of Yutai" titled "Han Meicheng", later generations are suspicious of their accuracy). It was not the work of one person at a time, and it is generally believed that most of them originated in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Liang and Xiao of the Southern Dynasties were unified into a group and included in "Selected Works", titled "Nineteen Ancient Poems". The content is mostly about the sorrow of separation between couples and friends and the hesitation and frustration of scholars. Some works express the thoughts of pursuing wealth and instant gratification. The language is simple and natural, and the descriptions are vivid and true. They play an important role in the development of five-character poetry.
The above is the record in "Cihai"
Nineteen poems often use the first sentence of the poem as the title, but there are also no titles, directly replaced by numbers, you You can try it.
4. Read the following ancient poem and answer the questions
Small question 1: These two sentences use the Bixing technique (2 points).
Hu horses neigh in the north wind, and birds build their nests on the branches facing south. Everything has its nature to be attached to the hometown, but you who have traveled far away, you haven’t come back yet! On the surface, it is a metaphor for a gentleman traveling far away, which illustrates the principle that things still have feelings and people have no thoughts. In fact, it is a metaphor for the deep love and passionate lovesickness of a missing woman for a gentleman traveling far away.
(3 points) Question 2: ① The initial description of the bitter journey of separation will be long and difficult, as well as the fact that after the separation, he became thinner and wore loose clothes, expressing the pain of missing his wife and lovesickness. ② It begins with Hu Ma and Yue Niao being nostalgic for their homeland, and then imagines that the wanderers in a foreign land are blinded and do not want to return, revealing that the heroine has speculations and doubts about the wanderers due to longing for them.
③ Missing you makes people grow old, and the years are suddenly too late, which is a metaphor for the heroine's feelings about the passage of youth and the aging of beauty due to lovesickness. ④Finally ends with expectation and relief.
It is useless to sit and worry about lovesickness. Instead of being haggard and giving up, it is better to work hard to eat more, take care of your body, and keep your youthful and radiant face until we meet again in the future. (2 points per point) Comment: Poetry uses specific language descriptions to express the poet's feelings and convey the poet's thoughts. These feelings and thoughts are what we call "thought content."
Whether it is the concern for the country and the people, the pain of the country being destroyed and the family being destroyed, the sorrow of the wanderer chasing away the guests, the resentment of the husband and missing his wife, all of them are deeply touching. If we classify the thoughts and feelings expressed in classical poetry in a little more detail, it is not difficult to find that they include sadness, loneliness, sadness, solitude, tranquility, leisure, love, praise, admiration, anger, adhering to moral integrity, concern for the country and the people etc. various types.