Clarity: through combing the time process, the time points and related events related to Zhuang Zong are summarized.
2. What happened in Zhuang Zong at these time nodes? Please summarize the words in the text. )
In 908 (aged 23), he accepted his own death. With your three arrows, you haven't forgotten your father's ambition? ;
9 12 (27 years old), Yan Yan, Tie Yan and his son as a group. ?
In 923 (38 years old), the back beam was destroyed. Letter to Chief Liang Junchen? , the establishment of the later Tang Dynasty;
In 926 (4 1 year), he died. If you die, you will laugh at the world. ?
3. Follow-up: Judging from the four major events at these four time nodes, Zhuang Zong's life is actually two processes.
Clear: It took Zhuang Zong 15 years to win the world, but it took only 3 years to lose it.
4. Ask again: What does the author think of Zhuang Zong? Sheng? What is the reason? Decline? What is the reason? Answer with the words in the text. )
Clear:? Can prosperous and dangerous words rejuvenate the country?
? Can depression kill you? .
Sixth, enlightenment? Extended learning and summary (10 minutes)
1. gild the lily?
Q: Since it has been emphasized? The reason for the ups and downs lies in personnel? Why should it be added to the fourth paragraph? Husband's misfortune often makes a mickle, but wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. Are you alone? This ending?
Clarity: thought-provoking, emphasizing that it is not just doting on actors that can make people relax and die. If you underestimate it? Suddenly? Indulge in sensual pleasures and forget the truth of rejuvenating the country because of worry about fatigue, which will also lead to the end of physical death and national death. Make the article more practical and instructive.
2. The article is irrelevant?
Question: The author prefaces the Biography of Lingguan, but rarely writes about Lingguan directly. Does it seem a bit irrelevant?
Clear: In fact, the two are intrinsically linked. Because the deeds of Lingguan have been described in detail in the biography, there is no need to repeat them. The decline of Zhuang Zong was caused by Lingguan. Taking history as a mirror, the author comments on the reasons for the rise and fall of the country on the matter of Lingguan's disorderly administration and wrong country. The content is closely related to history, focusing on historical facts and the evaluation of Zhuang Zong's rise and fall. Also mentioned at the end of the article? Dozens of actors are trapped. The fact of the actor's rebellion is directly related to the rise and fall of the later Tang Dynasty, thus withholding the significance of the problem and highlighting the center.
3. Understand the essence:
Interpretation: Why did Ouyang Xiu compile and preface Biography of Lingguan in the middle of Northern Song Dynasty?
(Guide students to contact the relevant texts learned in Grade One and Grade Two)
Qingming: Take history as a mirror, inspire people to see the reality through history, and warn future generations, especially the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty, not to forget the lessons of history, be prepared for danger in times of peace, and beware of delaying the opportunity.
Seven, practice? Migration Training and Integration (3 minutes)
Wujiang Pavilion is waiting for a long boat. Wang Xiang said? Although Jiangdong is small, with a land of thousands of miles and a population of hundreds of thousands, it is also king. May the king hurry through! I have a boat today, and the Han army is here, so I can't cross it. ? Wang Xiang said with a smile? What should I do if the sky kills me?
In your opinion, Xiang Yu declined from prosperity and died from prosperity. Did God really kill him?
Tai Shigong said: Chen She was the first to bear the brunt of his father's political failure. Heroes rise up, fighting for each other, and the list goes on. However, the feather has no size. In three years, it destroyed five princes, divided the world and sealed the princes. The government comes from feather. What's the number? Overlord? Although the location is not final, it has never appeared in recent times. It is difficult for northern Henan to take care of Chu, exile the righteous emperor to stand on his own feet, and blame the princes for betraying themselves. Being conceited and successful, not learning from the past and not forgetting personal wisdom, is called the industry of overlord, who wants to govern the world by force and die in five years.
Conclusion of this lesson: (refer to a question and answer of Emperor Taizong in the introduction) (2 minutes)
Shang Yue:? Ling Xuan and I * * * risked the world, died a hundred times, and lived a lifetime, so we know that it is not easy to start a business, and we are always afraid that wealth will lead to arrogance and ignorance will lead to fortune, so we know that it is not easy to persist, but it is not easy to start a business; It is difficult to persist in success, so you should be cautious to the public. ?
Finally, let me use these words to encourage everyone here:
Full loss, moderate gain (gain).
Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can die.
Disasters often add up, and wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning.
Blackboard design:
Sheng? Have to? Worry and work hard.
Lingguan Shenchuan: Be prepared for danger in times of peace, beware of delays.
Decline? Lost? Death and leisure
Information supplement:
1. Time background:
The Five Dynasties (907-960) refers to the five feudal courts between the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely, Hou Liang, the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty, which was a turbulent period in the history of China. During these 53 years, four surnames have been changed, 14 monarchs. The phenomenon of usurping the throne and killing the king is widespread and wars are frequent. After that, Emperor Zhuang of the Tang Dynasty was killed. After Zhuang Zong proclaimed himself emperor, he fell in love with actresses. Often play with you in court, for actors? So he was confused by Lingguan, Shi Yanqiong and Guo, which enabled him to regain power. In 926, General Huang Fuhui of Zhou Bei defected. Shi Yanqiong, who mastered the military power, refused to send troops and then fled alone. Zhuang Zong's relatives were defeated and his followers abandoned him. Guo took advantage of the disorder to shoot with an arrow. 100 years later, Ouyang Xiu expressed his feelings about this matter and pointed out that the rise and fall of the dynasty did not exist. Fate? But mainly? Personnel? .
2. Writing background:
100 years later, the Northern Song Dynasty was established. With the high concentration of land and wealth, the ruling group in the Northern Song Dynasty became increasingly corrupt. Due to the constant invasion of northern minorities, ethnic contradictions are becoming increasingly acute. Faced with this situation, the Northern Song Dynasty not only didn't try to cheer up, but swallowed its anger and exchanged money and silk for peace every year. Under this historical background, Ouyang Xiu satirized and persuaded Li's rise and fall in the late Tang Dynasty.
The Second Teaching Goal of Teaching Design of Biography of Lingguan
The requirements of "Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools" for learning some ancient Chinese prose are: with the help of reference books and related materials, to understand the ancient poems that are not too difficult, to understand the common sense of China ancient culture, to enrich the accumulation of traditional culture, to learn the basic methods of appreciating ancient Chinese prose, to initially understand the artistic characteristics of prose, to find the meaning of works from different angles and levels, to gain new reading experience, to explore the rich connotation of works, and to understand the artistic charm of works with historical and modern eyes.
Textbook analysis
Introduction to Lingguan is selected from Unit 5, an elective course of Appreciation of China Ancient Poetry. Although the texts selected in this unit have different styles, they all reflect prose? Scattered but not chaotic, is it in the pulse? The article has strong ideological logic and emotional logic in structural arrangement. The preface of the actor biography is in the second part of this unit. Based on the historical event of Tang Dynasty's love for actors, this paper discusses the argumentation structure of the historical rise and fall law of "worrying about fatigue can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die". The argument is clear, the emotional context is clear, the article is relaxed and smooth, and the detailed notes after class are not difficult for senior two students who have a certain foundation in classical Chinese reading, so that students can fully discuss it.
Teaching objectives
Knowledge and ability
1. Learn the meanings of important classical Chinese words and translate important classical Chinese sentences.
2. clarify the argument structure of the article and grasp this article? Scattered without chaos? Characteristics of
Process and method
Students learn independently, supplemented by teachers' guidance. Grasp the argumentation idea of this paper.
3. Emotional attitudes and values
Understand the profound meaning of aphorisms such as "full loss, modest benefit", "worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, leisure will die" and "disasters often accumulate in small things, and wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning"
Teaching focus
Make clear the meaning of the text and master important vocabulary.
Teaching difficulties
Grasp the context of the article
Teaching arrangement
One class hour
teaching process
First, import a new lesson (with text notes)
The title of the article is Biography of Lingguan. Who is the legendary hero? Why does the author want to give them a biography?
Clear:? Lingguan? He was an actor who was granted a palace office in feudal times. The author wrote this article with a brief preface in order to let the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty learn from the historical lessons of the post-Tang Zhuang Sect, guard against arrogance and rashness, and make great efforts to govern.
Second, clarify the structure and grasp the meaning.
1, students read the text together and pronounce correctly.
2. Translate main sentences and understand key words and sentences.
3. Grasp the relationship between materials and opinions, and clear up ideas.
(1) From the topic analysis, it can be seen that this article is based on historical materials to prove the point of view. Scan the text quickly and find the corresponding words of historical events?
Clear:? Shi Yan Wang Jin? What a failure! ?
(2) What did the author learn from this incident?
? Full loss, little gain?
? Labor can rejuvenate the country, depression can die?
(3) translation? Is it hard to get and lose? Suppress the traces of its success or failure, but all come from others? , grasp? Depressed? Choose the relationship before and after the word, understand? Personnel? meaning
(4) The viewpoint should be convincing and the materials must be able to fully demonstrate the viewpoint. Please read the factual materials carefully and talk about how the author demonstrates around the argument.
Key translation:
Later, during the war, people were sent to sue the temple with a small prison, invite the temple, invite the arrow, make full moves, enter in defeat, and return home in triumph.
It was Yan and his son who wrote to Liang Junchen, entered the ancestral temple, and returned the first king. It was a success.
(5) The whole discussion process in the second and third paragraphs corresponds to the sentence in the first paragraph?
(6) Can the last point of the article be removed? Why?
(7) Among many viewpoints, which one is the central argument of this paper?
Blackboard writing:
Third, homework
Finish the third question after class.
After-class feeling and after-class reflection
1, about students
This course is based on students' self-study, so students should read it repeatedly in various ways as much as possible, and students should strengthen the dredging and understanding of the meaning of the text during reading, but in fact, they read too little except one-time reading and silent reading when understanding each paragraph.
2. Teaching content and teaching objectives
The focus of this course is to understand the meaning of several important sentences in the text, and on this basis, grasp the views and meanings of the article. However, there are problems in solving the key points and difficulties. Because the second paragraph of this course is intended to guide students' writing by selecting materials around the center while understanding the point of view and grasping the context, the teaching starts from the second paragraph, which leads to students' confusion in understanding this point of view. Instead of this, it is better to make it clear from the first paragraph. At the same time, the teaching difficulties and key points deviate, and the first paragraph is also missing. The reason why the original Zhuang Zong lived in the world, not the person who lost it, can you know? The understanding of this sentence, students in important sentences? Is it hard to get and lose? Suppress the traces of its success or failure, but all come from others? It's hard to understand, and it takes too much time to translate other classical Chinese sentences.
Step 3 ask questions in class
An article that pays attention to students' self-study is not to let students go with the flow. It is important to ask questions in time. However, the classroom questions in this class are not in place, and the questions are given preferential treatment. For example, classroom questions (4): The opinions must be convincing and the materials must be able to fully demonstrate the opinions. Please read the factual materials carefully and talk about how the author demonstrates the argument around the argument. Because several viewpoints are related to inclusion and the same material demonstrates different viewpoints from different angles, students don't know how to answer the teacher's questions at the moment.
Students can't appreciate this article in their study? Pulse penetration? It is necessary to add appropriate reading and feel the emotions contained in the continuation.