Birth, your death
You're not dead.
The birth of has been born.
Your life is dead.
You are immortal.
A tree and a tree.
Early morning in the Woods
Morning and morning
In a tree and
One is in the Woods
Yesterday morning with a guy
In the morning
That distance must be twice as long.
However, there must be twice the distance.
-Lin Hengtai's Double Distance
Appendix 2: Xiong Bingming's interpretation of this poem in the fourth issue of Reading in 2004.
Your birth has been born.
Xiong Bingming
This poem has a strong philosophical meaning in content. In terms of language, it is quite obscure. Someone must think this poem is grotesque.
Understandably, I am writing this analytical article now. I think this poem is very clear, but it is not easy to explain it clearly.
The structure of this poem is divided into three parts. The first section is similar to the second section, but different. The first part talks about a theme: "You
"。 Talk about your life and death. The second section says "between." "Between" is the distance between two points, and there are two different distances.
Distance in space and distance in time. Twice the distance is open because time and space are inseparable. third
Part seems to be the conclusion.
For the convenience of explanation, we cut this poem into several paragraphs according to the reading order and explain them one by one. Grammatical composition
You see, the first paragraph is just one sentence, and it's not finished yet. The second section is also a sentence, not finished, paragraph by paragraph.
To explain, you have to.
The first section is about life and death. The subject is you. This sentence is about your life and death.
Your birth-"birth" is a noun here. "Your birth" refers to the rise of an existence (you) in the abstract.
Point refers to the event that "you" came to this world. "Your birth" is only a subject and needs to be supplemented by an object.
Complete the sentence. So this topic is lagging behind. Has this happened, has it not happened, or has it happened?
Failure (abortion, premature death), we all don't know. These four words may have been written by a writer for the future after his wife became pregnant.
The beginning of the child's letter.
Your birth has been born-reading here, a sentence is complete. "Your birth" is the explanation. we know
The existence of Tao "You" is not imagined and expected, but comes to the real world.
So the two "births" here-your birth has been born-seem to refer to the same thing and can be considered meaningless.
I repeat, it's a fault of logic, but it's not. "Birth (1)" refers to an abstract
The beginning of existence, "born (2)" means that this beginning has become a reality. "Birth (1)" is a noun, "Birth (
2) "is a verb.
You were born when you were born-saying "your birth ..." is a complete sentence, and now, you have added ".
"You" turns the original complete sentence into the pronoun "You", and adds lengthy additional elements. You two are here. "
"You" is not a simple repetition of you (1). "There is only a second person in the conversation. As for "you (2)"
Is a "born" existence, you are concrete, flesh and blood, holding a small fist screaming his existence.
Facts and rights of babies.
You have given birth to what you should have given birth to. You should feel happy in your life in from ruin. It is a happy event to have a newborn at home. sadder
Sentimental people may think of the bitterness of life, the joys and sorrows of future life, difficulties and hardships. Philosophers see life.
It is a philosopher's evil disease to think of death at once.
Schopenhauer said: People are born to the age of death.
Heidegger said: As soon as people are born, they will die.
Zhuangzi said through Confucius: Life and death laugh.
Confucius himself said: If you don't know life, you will know death.
Lu Xun told a story in Debate (Weeds). A family gave birth to a boy. At the full moon, all the guests came to bless him.
Congratulations, you said a lot of auspicious things. One said, "This child will die in the future." He was beaten up.
At the moment of life, it is certainly inappropriate to say that death is coming, but it is a truth or truth. Predict good luck and bad luck
It is a lie, because the ups and downs of life are unpredictable plots. As for life and death, there is an inevitable connection. Predictable
Where there is a beginning, there is an end. The first sentence of Tao Yuanming's Elegy is "Life must die". This sentence
It can't be wrong. It's just that this sentence is hard to say
Your life has been born, and your death is not dead-once people know their death, they pray for their immortality. raise and train
Ming knows the inevitability of death, and death is still his greatest fear and anxiety. Humans moved huge rocks and wood to build pyramids.
Churches and temples are decorated with the rarest metals and jewels ... all for praying or proving "eternal life".
Humans use endless languages, endless words, endless chanting and orchestral music, and endless images.
Affirm with color and decorate eternity. In this poem, there is no careful logic or theological preaching to transform it. "
"Death" means "immortality", which simply means "Your death is not death".
If we rewrite the sentence "... your already born death is not" dead "... your already born death is dead.
After death, we will feel powerless, meaningless and meaningless. Then, the sentence "what should have been born has been born" said "
"Dead is dead" makes people feel the rambling logic of the same model. Only if the form of "death and immortality" is established can it be.
There are ups and downs, mutations, and the inevitability of poetry. Poets can only write in this way, and the inevitability of poetry brings the inevitability of proposition.
There are two "already" here, and "already (1)" is an adverb indicating the past tense. "Already (2)" is the future.
Past tense, this "has (2)" has no past tense function, but a special way of affirmation. Death seems to say
"This is a prophecy, but now I can definitely predict that you are immortal." This is a poem.
A prophecy, a belief in life. This is a hope and a belief.
Your life has been born, your death is not dead, and your life has "you". This is not right.
The second person in the conversation addresses you, such as "you (1)". Nor is it "you" in the real world, such as "you (2)"
, but "immortal you". This "you (3)" can only be immortal, detached and true you. I am here
Children use "truth" to represent the world of ideas. Once you are born, you will truly live forever in the real world.
Your life has been born, your death is not dead, your life has been born-* you are also in this real world.
There is a birth, and it has already been born, such as the birth of "you (1)" on earth, just as it is difficult for the son of God to enter this reality.
The world, become the son of man; As the Buddha said, "If I don't go to hell, who will go to hell?"
This poem can go on. "You (1)", "You (2)" and "You (3)" seem to be repeating.
In fact, it is rising layer by layer. "You" is uncertain; "You entered the real world;" You (3)
) "is beyond truth; "You (4)" From truth to reality ... The truth used here is similar to reality.
The real world refers to the real world, actually refers to the real world. Every time you appear, it is a leap and accumulation.
The content of the previous meaning.
The actual you and the surpassing you depend on the wonderful use of one by one.
You are a real amphibious existence. You belong to this world and beyond. You have life in this world and death in this world.
You have death in the world and eternal life in the world.
The second section, this section is about time and space.
Between a tree and a tree-the last section talked about the life and death of existence. This poem is similar to a philosophical proposition of abstract thinking. no
Let's make any image association. Even the subject "you" is just a dialogue image, such as the one at the other end of the telephone line.
The recipient didn't give us a specific image.
This section talks about all the time and space on which existence is based. Does not involve the subject. But when I first read A Tree, it was easy to mislead readers.
I think this is the subject of the sentence, because it is usually the subject of this position of the sentence. Read on, "With a Tree", but also
Let readers mistakenly think that two trees are the subject of a sentence. I didn't know that two trees are just two coordinates until I saw Space. These two trees
Coordinates form the framework of space. Here, what happens to the framework.
Read on, "one morning", the reader means that he met the problem this time, but the following is "the same morning", then
These two "mornings" should be the key words, but there is a "time". It turns out that two mornings are just two coordinates. These two
Coordinates form the framework of the world.
In the process of reading, readers are expecting the subject, and they are constantly expecting the emergence of an existential subject, which is induced by the rotation of trees and mornings.
In the morning, the tree will play the role of the subject, but the subject will immediately become the framework of the world and space. however
Before being called out "suddenly", they used to be a tree and a morning in the reader's mind.
Morning is an awakening of life in time, a small new starting point and a small birth in the flow of time. Stendhal
Said: "A person's life is made up of many mornings." Good morning! Zarathustra walked down the hill in the bright sunshine.
That morning; Tao Yuanming couldn't bend his back for five buckets of rice and let the boat go home. He "hated the sunrise" that morning. The abbreviation of Suzhou/Jiangsu Province/Soviet Union/a surname
After the banquet, gladys was so drunk that everyone couldn't wake up. He walked all the way to the city to find someone to argue all morning. Mencius said:
The morning of "the cock crows evil and good, and it is also good"; Zu Ti smells chickens dancing in the morning. However, what I want to say here is not.
Not in the morning, but in the period between morning and morning.
Trees are symbols of life. Psychologists should understand a person and let him draw a tree freely. This tree is his shadow. This tree is him.
Self-portrait Trees! Trees soar into the sky, stretching in all directions, looking for water in the depths and talking to the stormy sun, moon and dark clouds. stand
At the entrance of the ancient village, beside the ancient road, in front of the ancient temple and beside the ancient curtain, it is a symbol of patience and waiting, and it is a symbol of kindness. hole
Confucius said, "If you are cold, you will know the pine and cypress, and then adjust it." Zhuangzi walked with his disciples in the mountains and saw the big and useless bottle. special
Lysis sawed off an old olive tree and used the remaining roots as the foot of the bed. This is him and his wife, Penie Lopez.
Secret, Ulysses returns, he knows his wife's chastity, and so does Penie Lope. In that way
What I want to talk about here is not a tree, but a spatial framework composed of trees.
Morning among the trees is easier to understand. We can imagine walking in a sparse forest and seeing through the trees.
The faint morning light came, followed by the colorful morning glow, and then the light of the sunset came, from gold to white heat.
In the frame of trees and trees, we see * for a while.
"A tree between a morning and a morning" is a bit confusing. Trees are characterized by being motionless and time passing.
Trees bid farewell to one morning in the long river of time and ushered in another morning. There is day and night between the two mornings, and there is silence.
The earth grows, germinates, blooms and leaves, bidding farewell to one spring and welcoming another. There are rings that secretly record its life.
The history of. Being still, trees may understand the flow of time better than we do. So, "one morning and one
A tree in the morning. "
There is morning between trees, and there are trees between morning and morning. In this poem, the tree only exists as the coordinate of space;
Morning only exists as a sign of time. What poetry wants to say is only the two frameworks of space and time. And the word "de"
Usage makes the two frameworks interweave and coexist. There are two coordinate systems, and only one exists.
The first section says life and death, death and immortality. Poetry is like a philosophical judgment. Poetry proves philosophy with its own special structure.
This judgment is true.
The second section talks about the unity of time and space. This poem may be more like a poem, because it brings image association, but it is still hidden.
There is a philosophical judgment hidden. This poem is also based on its own special structure, which is constantly linked to prove philosophical judgment.
That's right. The wonderful use of the word "de" here makes us step into the time frame from the space frame and the space frame from the time frame.
Frame, repetition, freedom, carefree and calm. The subject of existence only becomes real from the perspective of two systems.
The existence of.
The third section is similar to a conclusion in the whole poem. This section is probably the most puzzling: what does "distance" mean? Twice the distance
What is this? Why "there must be"? Why "however" I don't know if my explanation is in line with the author's original intention, if
There are several different interpretations of this part, and I think at least my interpretation is meaningful.
That distance must be twice this distance-our life is the distance from birth to death. As existence, we exist at this time.
The distance between them. But in fact, we just live in "now", and "now" is just a point in this distance, which
The point keeps moving to the future. General animals, whether cattle, sheep, birds or fish, only live in the present. They neither look back on the past nor look forward to the future.
Do not recall the past, do not look forward to the future, and certainly do not regard the time from birth to death as a distance. Realize that our
The so-called "life" must jump out of this trip and stand at another distance. Su Shi has a poem: "I don't know where."
The true face of the mountain is only in this mountain. "This means that we should see the mountain when we jump out of Shan Ye. identical
The same is true of time. Only by jumping out of the present can we see the past as blue as silk and the future as dusk snow.
There will be a sad song of "always selling with you". Du Fu's "There is pity after returning" ("Xi Da Xing") is to escape.
Poems that can only be written after the crisis. On the way to escape at that time, he was a "fellow temporary worker". Must jump out of that era. "
Only now and temporarily will you feel pity for your life. Sitting in the train carriage, I can't see the distance between the two stops.
From, to bring the two stations into view, we must leave the track. From another distance, in fact, we must be very
Difficulties. In fact, I jumped out of the car by imagination, and I also included the front and rear stops in my imagination, so the distance must be twice.
The space-time frame described in the second section is also twice as long. Look at the morning from the distance between trees, and look at the morning from morning.
Look at the trees in the distance between mornings. In other words, it is indispensable to look at time from the distance of space and space from the distance of time.
Divide and distance are in two inseparable coordinate systems, so it is also twice.
However, there must be twice the distance-the use of "however" is strange.
1967, when I was analyzing Lin Hengtai's Landscape II, I also encountered a "however", and its usage was also very good.
Strange. "However" is a conjunction, which should connect two sentences. In that poem, "however" does not connect two sentences.
Close study is a conjunction noun. The structure of the sentence is simplified to: "windbreaks, windbreaks, but the sea and waves."
It does not conform to the grammatical function of conjunctions, and there is no turning point in the meaning of sentences. I spent some time explaining "however"
Harmony "is grammatical and reasonable. I especially pointed out that there is also a "however" turning point when connecting two nouns.
Effective.
The situation here is slightly different. In my opinion, "however" can have various obscure and complicated meanings. Let me give you a few examples:
He is clever, but he doesn't know the world.
He is clever, but he has no sense of morality.
He is clever, but he is too weak.
He was clever, but he died too early.
He was clever, but it turned out that he was clever wrong.
He is clever, but he is too clever.
He is clever, but he is extremely clever, not just clever.
These many "however" express different turning points. Lu Xun is the most frequently used "however" among modern writers in China. exist
There are many articles in Weeds that can be used as examples. For example, Hope only occupies three pages, but it has seven "however" and four synonyms.
A "however" like "but" is definitely a fault of the article in the eyes of people who don't delve into it. But this "however" is not a sentence.
The turning point in the legal sense is the confusion and hesitation at the level of existence, which reflects the internal conflicts and contradictions in life. I quote "Shadow Report"
A passage in A Farewell is only three pages long. * * * has five "however" and one "but". The following is the text
A passage:
I am just a shadow, otherwise I will sink in the darkness without you. However, darkness will devour me, and light will make me
Disappear.
However, I don't want to wander between light and dark. I don't know if I'm still sinking in the dark.
However, I finally hesitated between light and dark, not knowing whether it was dusk or dawn.
So, how to explain the "however" in the poem we analyzed? I think this is an emphasis. I raised it.
The seventh example in the example "He is clever, but …" He is clever, but extremely clever. ...
Fold comes from different meanings of "smart". In the first case and the second case, it is said that "he is very clever", and it is reasonable to say that he also knows.
Secular people also know right and wrong, good and evil, but not so. The fourth situation is that since he is smart, he can also be excellent.
However, he was "too weak" to work hard and even died early. The fifth and sixth situations are * smart, but smart.
Too much, self-righteous, can't know it, but suffer greatly. The seventh example is that the intelligence here is beyond the general meaning. no
But as I said, "however" has many different meanings. Poetry can't be expressed. I think it is best for readers to make their own decisions.
Experience to ponder, to ponder.