The world is full of people. In addition to the natural images of "Spring Breeze, Spring Birds, Autumn Moon, Qiu Chan", the relationship between people, that is, the "event image" in the field of personnel, has the most contact in life. Zhong Rong cited many examples in Preface to Poetry:
Obviously, the "things" listed in the incident are much richer than "things". Just as natural objects such as spring, summer, autumn and winter are presented according to the changes of the four seasons, the objects listed in the event are also arranged according to a certain level.
"Jiahui sends a poem to his relatives and leaves a poem to complain" is the first level, which refers to the gathering and separation of personnel circles. A good feast is hard to celebrate. Take Du Fu's "A Letter to Shi Li Er Bai Shiyun" as an example;
This poem records Du Li's meeting. At that time, Li Bai was famous all over the world and was recruited as an academician by the emperor without trial. But the emperor didn't value his political talent, and only asked him to write poems and sing songs for Yang Guifei. Li Bai didn't want to do it, so he resigned. The emperor commented and returned the money. The word "begging" tells the whole process of Li Bai's pride and frustration, honor and disgrace and frustration. It not only shows that Du Fu is good at writing poems, but also shows that he really knows the fallen immortals in front of him. The next sentence "meet my dear friend" is an expression of inner joy. It's a bit like in A Dream of Red Mansions, when Baoyu first met Daiyu, he said, "I've seen this sister."
It is difficult to find a bosom friend in life since ancient times. How can you meet such good friends without drinking, singing, dancing and walking together? As a poet, how can I express my happiness after such a happy moment? Writing poetry, of course. So Zhong Rong said, "Jiahui will send poems to relatives."
As for "complaining by poetry", there are even more. In this world, happiness is short-lived, and there are many sorrows. Wang Wei's "I miss my brothers in Shandong on vacation in the mountains" is a record of homesickness of a foreign wanderer;
Everyone must have read this homesick poem, so I won't go into details. Look at Liu Zongyuan's "Seeing the Mountain and Sending Friends to Beijing with Master Hao Chu";
Liu Zongyuan participated in the Yongzheng political reform of Wang and others. After the failure of political reform, he was killed, and Liu Zongyuan was successively demoted to Yongzhou and Liuzhou. This poem was written in Liuzhou period. He said that when I miss my hometown by the sea, I feel that the sharp mountain peak by the sea is like a sword, cutting my liver and intestines. If my body can become hundreds of millions, then I will always stand by the sea and look at my hometown. This is "complaining about poetry and conformity."
The above three poems by Du Fu, Wang Wei and Liu Zongyuan are the poet's own meeting and parting, happiness and sadness. So is it only your own experience that can cause the feeling of writing poetry? Not only that. Zhong Rong takes the example of "Out of the fortress, the concubine of the Han Dynasty resigns to the palace", which shows that the experience of the ancients in history can also arouse the poet's feelings. This is the second level of personnel image.
Chen Chu refers to Qu Yuan. There are countless articles written by Qu Yuan by later generations. In the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi was banished to Hunan, where Chu was located. Thinking of Qu Yuan's experience, he wrote an essay "Mourning Qu Fuyuan". During the Tang Dynasty, Liu Changqing passed Jia Yi's former residence in Changsha and remembered Jia Yi's mourning for Qu Yuan. He wrote a poem "On Passing Jia Yi's House in Changsha", which said: "The Chu guest mourned through the ages." Neither Jia nor Liu was a minister of Chu, but they were both moved by what happened to Qu Yuan.
"Han concubine" refers to Wang Zhaojun. Li Bai wrote to one of Wang Zhaojun's two poems:
In addition to the poet's own joys and sorrows (the first level) and the sufferings of the ancients (the second level), there is a third level, and people who have nothing to do with the poet can also feel the poet's heart. What kind of experience? That is, "the bones are horizontal and wild, and the soul flies." Or negative foreign invasion, killing without blinking an eye. The guest's clothes are stuffed and tears are exhausted. "... here refers to the poems about women produced in the war.
Let's take a look at the poems of thinking women first. There were many wars in the Tang Dynasty, and there were also many poems about women and border customs. Take Chen Tao's Journey to the West of Longxi as an example;
Beating the Huns was a matter of the Han Dynasty, but poets in the Tang Dynasty always liked to pretend that what was contemporary was a matter of the Han Dynasty. This poem is actually about a war against foreigners in the north. Tang Jun was defeated, and 5,000 soldiers stormed the battlefield. Poor young brave soldiers have become the bones of Yongding River (renamed Yongding River after Wuding River), but their wives don't know it. They are still at home waiting for their husbands to return, and even often dream about them. The author himself is not thinking about women, writing his own joys and sorrows, or the life experiences of historical figures. He wrote about the experiences and misfortunes of ordinary people in his time, and was moved by these experiences and misfortunes, so he wrote this good poem with strong emotional power.
After listing so many things, The Preface of Poetry goes on to say: "Once a scholar leaves North Korea, he will never return. If a woman has a mother who is beneficial to her, she will look forward to abandoning her country. " In ancient times, there was only one way out for a scholar-to study hard and become an official. When you meet a wise gentleman, you can be loved and reused. If I can't see it, I have to "thank you for leaving North Korea and never coming back." Of course, I didn't really forget to go back, but I had no hope of going back. This is a wonderful summary. Because this involves the most important "emotional knot" of ancient intellectuals: "being an official" or "hiding". The road to official career is no more difficult than the road to Shu, and it is a setback-most scholars have not met a wise gentleman, so how to choose? Do you want to move on or escape to the mountains? This problem has puzzled generations of scholars.
So far, Mr. Ye has been leading us to explore the origin of the feeling of poetry. It can be seen that there are many things in the universe, nature and personnel that can make people feel excited. However, as long as you have feelings in your heart, can you write good poems? Look at the next note.