On the Realistic Aesthetic Features of Du Fu's Poems

Du Fu, a great realistic poet, was a superstar in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poet, who cares about the country and the people all his life and abides by the Confucian tradition, turns his personal personality into a broad social life with his most conscious and deepest social consciousness, and combines self-pity and self-pity for his own destiny with great sorrow and pain for social life with his cry from the extreme nature. With dignified poems and the singing of blood and tears, it depicts the difficult social picture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It truly and profoundly reflects all kinds of sharp and complicated social contradictions and the disastrous life of the broad masses of people, as well as their broad feelings of compassion for others and patriotism. It has created a "poetic history" with numerous social contents, distinctive characteristics of the times, strong political inclination, charity and depression. The realistic spirit of his poems has far-reaching value.

The realistic spirit of Du Fu's poems comes from his highly mature realistic creation method, which is mainly reflected in the narrative poems with a large number and high quality.

First, Du Fu is good at selecting people and things with typical significance, making artistic generalizations, shaping numerous characters and painting a broad picture of social life. The old man who fled over the wall, the old woman and Yang who served in the emergency river, the man who was recruited in Xin 'an, the bride who got married in the morning, the homeless single man, the old maid who paid money in Kuizhou, Zhuge Liang who tried his best, Tian Fu who advised drinking diligently, and the incompetent minister … formed a portrait gallery. Vivid and vivid images with so many typical meanings are outstanding contributions of Du Fu's poems.

Secondly, Du Fu is good at integrating subjective thoughts and feelings into the description of objective facts, so that the characters can speak with facts themselves, which is naturally touching. The author found the theme from reality and made excellent works. The author's tendency is revealed from the works, rather than emphasizing the author's subjective consciousness in the works. For example, Du Fu's poem "Two Roads" wrote: "On March 3, the weather was sunny and beautiful, and there were many beautiful people by the Chang 'an River." . Good at acceptance, indifference, gentleness, sincerity and delicate texture, even bone and flesh. Embroidered Luo's new clothes spring at first sight. A group of golden peacocks and silver unicorns. ..... The red hump is brought from the jade broiler and the crystal coil element scale. They held their horns and chopsticks for a long time, and the chef held a sharp knife. ..... Finally, a majestic knight rode a local train and dismounted in the pavilion on the embroidered carpet. Yang Hua-xue falls to Bai Ping, and the bluebird finds her way with a scarf. But power can be as hot as a flame and burn people's fingers. Be careful not to make ministers angry! "

This poem satirizes the arrogance and extravagance of Yang's brother and sister, and reflects the fatuity of the monarch and the corruption of current politics in a tortuous way. Beauty lies in describing scenes and plots with exquisite brushwork, bright and rich colors and serious attitude from beginning to end, so that the poet's own tendencies and feelings are revealed from the scenes and plots. As Pu Qilong said in "Reading Du Xinjie": "There is no irony, but it describes sarcasm; There is no sigh, and the degree of ridicule is lamented. " Therefore, it has stronger artistic criticism than ordinary light satire. In addition, famous articles such as Shihaoguan, Military Vehicle Shop and Welcome the New have all used this technique brilliantly, so that the tendency is revealed from the things themselves.

Thirdly, Du Fu is also good at portraying psychology and shaping images with the personalized language of characters when describing characters. Whether it is a dialogue or a monologue, it is wonderful and vivid. For example, the poem "Wedding Farewell" is written entirely in the bride's tone: "Rabbit silk is covered with hemp, so it is not long. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband. If you become a wife, you won't warm your bed. It is too hasty to say goodbye at dusk. Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang. My body doesn't know when to worship menstruation. My parents hid me day and night when they raised me. If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog. You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain. Swear to go with you, the situation is urgent. Don't worry about the wedding, work hard. Women in the army are afraid of being soldiers. I've been a poor woman since I was a child, and I've been a Luo Rushang for a long time. Luo Ru gave up and washed her red makeup on you. Looking up at a hundred birds flying, your body will double. There are many mistakes in personnel, facing Jun Yong. " This poem well embodies Du Fu's feelings of patriotism, love for the people and sympathy for the people's sufferings. This poem undoubtedly shows the helplessness, resentment, complaint, anxiety, sadness, encouragement and expectation of the bride when she bid farewell to her husband, thus shaping an image of a working woman with rich feelings and deep understanding. Because at that time, only by letting go of the war first could we get the minimum environment for recuperation. Obviously, it is the voice of the bride and also reflects Du Fu's thoughts. It, such as vagrants and Tongguan officials, adopts dialogue. The writing of these characters is simple and popular, and each sentence conforms to the characteristics of personality, identity and times, showing the characteristics of realism. Because the characters' language is vivid, we feel real and cordial when reading.