First, read this poem. Except for some lyrics and songs with epigrams and qupai, most ancient poems have titles, which either indicate the writing object, writing focus or express emotional tone. For example, Smelling the Flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night explains the time, place and emotional events. "Listen to blowing sheng next door", "Phoenix blows rosy clouds" and "blowing sheng" are deducted; "I don't know who is outside the wall", deducting "next door"; "Doubt is a peach blossom and a thousand trees" is still a deduction, that is, the illusion caused by the sound of sheng (pay attention to the word "doubt"), rather than the description of "beautiful courtyard".
Second, read "Express". The thoughts and feelings expressed in ancient poetry are often contained in images but not revealed. However, in some poems, individual words express their own ideological and emotional tendencies, so we should circle these valuable information when reading and combine it with the whole poem to experience. For example, Zhao Wei's "Old Love on the Riverside Building" "Thinking about the Riverside Building is foggy and the moonlight is like water. Where are the people who came to see the moon together? The scenery is vaguely like last year. " The first sentence "alone" shows the poet's lonely figure and feelings, and the third sentence "together" echoes it. "Fuzzy thinking" directly shows the feeling of being at a loss. The reason for this emotion lies in three or four sentences. Another example is Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man", "The flat forest is misty, and the Hanshan area is sad. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The pavilion is shorter. " "Sadness" and "worry" hurt feelings for the scenery, and loneliness is sad; Express the emotional tone of the whole word; The expression of "emptiness" is bitter and fruitless; Homecoming clearly expresses homesickness. Most of the poems selected in the college entrance examination are quatrains. The quatrains are generally "Zhang Xianzhi". The fourth sentence clearly shows the main idea, such as Song on the Emei Mountain, I miss you but I can't go to Yuzhou, and I can't afford to be homesick. Generally, rhyming poems are written in pairs and narrated in triplicate or quadruple, such as Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country and The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower.
Third, look at the image. Poetic images include objects (images) and characters. Images commonly used in ancient poetry often have stable meanings, such as willow, spring grass, residual lotus, millet, chrysanthemum, plum, bamboo, cuckoo (Zigui), Sha Ou and so on. However, it cannot be understood mechanically. For example, "Liu Yang" is generally used to express the feeling of parting, but the word "Liu" is not homophonic in the sentences such as "Liu Yang is green and Jiang Shuiping", "Willow on the moon" and "Another village with a dark flower", which has nothing to do with the feeling of parting. Images should be related, and multiple images should be combined to form artistic conception. If some students see that "bamboo shoots are unseen and chicks on the sand are sleeping next to their mothers", they will unilaterally interpret "nobody is seen" and "sleeping next to their mothers" as Du Fu's loneliness. Combined with other images, such as "flowers on the beautiful road" and "lotus leaves on the stream", the poet described the vitality and interest of the late spring scenery and expressed his love without feeling lonely. Characters, some of which describe the image of the object, such as "Monks in the middle of Shu carry the green silk pipa and go down to Emei Mountain in the west. As soon as I touched the strings, it brought me the smell of pine trees in a thousand valleys. " More is the image of a lyric master (poet), such as "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot." It shows the pure feelings of the lyric hero (poet).
Fourth, read the notes. Annotations explain the writing background, explain difficult words and reveal the meaning of allusions. They play a certain role in understanding poetry. For example, in the Tianjin volume of the college entrance examination in 2004, I listened to Shu monks playing the piano and provided three notes. "① Green Qi: An ancient piano. (2) Flowing water: borrowing the allusion of "flowing water in the mountains". 3 Frost Bell: Shan Hai Jing? According to Sun Yat-sen's Classic, Fengshan has nine bells and the first frost rings. " These three notes are about the famous piano, the feelings of the listener, and the blending of the sound of the piano and the bell. Based on this, we can infer and understand the basic content of this poem.
Fifth, read "with or without". There's nothing in it, nothing in it. Ancient poetry is concise and there is a lot of room for readers to fill it reasonably. For example, "Going out for no reason to sunbathe in the Western Heaven", in fact, there is nothing in it: I will never see my old friends again, only see yellow sand, west wind and sunset, only endless thoughts ... "I only see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky", but I can't see my friends' sails far away. My friends go with the boat and my thoughts float from the water. "The old country is surrounded by mountains" and "all around", but the city is empty, and the prosperity of the past no longer exists. Similarly, there are "although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever" and "going to the stage moon when you are free".
Sixth, the type of reading. It is helpful to read a poem and understand the genre according to the theme. Such as poems about scenery, things, farewell, frontier fortress, epic, wandering, thinking about women and cherishing people, etc.