I think my explanation is superfluous under Mr. Zhou Lao's lecture. I hope you are satisfied with it.
Zhou said to:
Hello, friends, welcome to the Literature Museum. It is a promotion method for merchants to send gifts to welcome the Spring Festival. How about the literature museum? It provides free, compulsory and public cultural meals and gifts to friends. Today, we have invited Mr. Zhou, a famous expert and senior scholar in redology. Last year, he gave us a noble and elegant speech A Dream of Red Mansions here. Today, Teacher Zhou is going to give us a speech entitled Appreciation of Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties. Everyone applauds.
How do we start? It's hard for us to start. The hardest part is actually in the beginning Everyone should listen to me. I wonder what your first sentence was. I haven't decided yet. I didn't expect today to be such a grand event. Dear guests and friends, you wasted your vacation and precious time. Thank you very much for sitting here and listening to me. But the topic we decided today is Appreciation of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry, which is not easy to talk about. If I were to talk about the Red Mansion, I would have some thoughts in my heart. Although I can't say it well, there are a few clues that can be made clear. I'm really not sure about this today. I am telling the truth, not being polite. I will be honored to talk about how much I can make everyone more satisfied, and return to glad you came. I'm afraid this goal will not be achieved. What if I'm talking about something worse I failed to applaud when I spoke, and you greeted the boos rudely. This is the custom of our pear garden in the past. You can say you are not good. This has nothing to do with it. This is the evaluation of the masses.
As for my occupation, I have been engaged in poetry for decades. A dream of red mansions is my amateur, with the nature of playing with tickets. However, when I set foot on a dream of red mansions, I couldn't find my own feet. This is a very helpless thing. Today, I am still very happy to talk about Tang poetry and Song poetry here. I like Tang poetry and Song poetry, but it is difficult to speak them. We must first be realistic and understand this. This difficulty lies in several aspects. For example, if you want to have a textbook of Tang poetry or even a blackboard, you can't just listen. Write it down when you encounter difficulties. If you encounter anything, it will be easier to deal with. If you listen to me completely, you will be limited. At the same time, I am from Tianjin. Although I have lived in Beijing for decades, my Tianjin accent is still very strong, and you may not understand it. This is a difficult point. Another difficulty is that this is not a digression, but a digression. We say appreciate because this word is often used now. Since Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, we have compiled a Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry and a Dictionary of Appreciation of Song Poetry, which have become popular all over the world. It's all a collection of appreciation. There are so many things. But the real appreciation, say "Jian" first, what is "Jian". To appreciate Tang poetry and Song poetry, we must first learn to chew words. When people see whether it is true or not, they can also recognize it. That authority, with profound knowledge and unique vision, can't be seen at first sight. Some experts are so authoritative. Can we treat ancient Tang poetry and Song poetry like this? Too arrogant. How can we understand it? So I think we should be cautious in using the word "Jian", but now there is no way, because this word is popular, you find a famous work, you appreciate it, you tell us. It's not like this. It's a very limited and small form. I'm not talking about that key point today. I hope I can make a few points and ask you to share our experiences with each other. You need to pay attention to these points in appreciation. This is my goal, please understand this first. So I said, let's talk about the sword and stay on topic. Otherwise, you will think, am I enjoying it? I'm not sure, am I? The word sword itself, seal character, is very interesting. What I'm saying here is that you are right. I can only say from me that a big eye on the left is like a big circle in the shape of a star and the moon, and a small curved arm on the right is a silhouette of a person. The two strokes are a silhouette of a person, called our pictograms, rather than real ones, like specimen paintings. Even the details are drawn, the pictogram. This is the creation of our Chinese characters. Under the wisdom of the early Ming dynasty, a plate, a point in the plate, is the object we look at. It is said that this man bent over and stared at a big eye. Look at the object he observes in this plate. This is the "sword".
Back to our theme, we should learn from the creation of ancient poems, good masterpieces and excellent sentences. What do you learn, how old are you (level) and what is your level. We should think about this problem first. We have read the words of the ancients. What did they say? Was he targeted? A series of questions, not just took a poem, seven-character quatrain, "half an acre of square pond, a key well." Where to start? There is a lot of knowledge in these two words. Mencius said some of his most wonderful words, which we must forget in the history of China literature and culture. When we recite his poems, we should recite them instead of reading them today. The ancients should have tonal poems. "Recite his poems and read his books. I don't know who he is." Is it okay? No, what should we do? Mencius said that "everything should be based on its worldview", so we should discuss his world and the era in which he lived. This is what our pre-Qin sages said, which is enlightening to us. We have a saying that "knowing people and discussing the world". It is from here that these words are condensed and simplified, and the four characters of "knowing people and discussing the world" are the most beautiful places in our Chinese characters. Everyone should realize that our Chinese characters are so lovely and precious. To write a good Tang poetry and Song poetry, you should know that a person wants to talk about his world. This is to be taken down and said. How do you say this word? Is that what happened? No, we need many preconditions to truly understand a work of the ancients. This is the first question I want to discuss with you today.
China has always been called the country of poetry. In ancient times, from top to bottom, almost everyone liked poetry, and even wrote poetry. There is no other country in the world, and poetry is so universal and popular. This is a fact. But how did we China people come into being? I think there are roughly three aspects. First of all, the Chinese language created by the highest wisdom of our Chinese nation and mankind, because our Chinese poetry is Chinese literature, right? There are no Chinese poems anywhere. I think it's okay, but this Chinese character is wonderful. I think this is the creation of the highest wisdom in our country. All nationalities in the world are mainly pinyin characters, and we can't create such a character. Appreciating all kinds of experiences and understandings of Tang poetry and Song poetry, positive and negative, questioning and questioning don't understand, all have the big roots of Chinese characters. This is the first one. Second, we in China have a different aesthetic vision from others. He looks at the universe, the heavens and the earth, mountains and rivers, everything, vegetation and everything, and has his own aesthetics. He thinks that in this way, others can't see the beauty inside, but he sees it, or others think it is so beautiful. He said that our beauty is like this. It is the poets here who developed poetry because of their aesthetic vision and heart, right? The expression of China's national poets is extremely unique. You have good Chinese characters and good aesthetic taste, so you can't express it. Then you don't have any good poems, do you? Is it a poem that touches our heartstrings? Unlikely. So in this case, it is extremely important to say the third expression, the unique expression. Is it that these three points combine to form our China people and high level? After talking about the macro, we have to talk about a specific poet. So what is the situation, what kind of person he is and what his poems are? We also have to say a few words. What is a poet? What is the definition of a poet? He can write poems. The old poets' poems are all five words and seven words, even and flat. The new ones are vernacular poems, free style and the like. He will do this. I don't write prose, I don't pick up that word. I line up sentence by sentence. I am a poet. Am I a poet? I am such a simple poet. How many poems are there? I was shocked to hear an old professor from Peking University say such a thing. The old professor said that after reading the complete works of Tang poetry, there are more than 1000 poems, and others are not poems. How to say this is to arrange them and rhyme the sentences neatly. This looks like a poem, not a poem, because it has no quality or element, and it has no poem itself. It expresses him in the form of a poem. Oh, let him say that this Tang poem is not good in every capital, and he really needs to "learn". The old professor probably means that he studied and analyzed it and saw that it was not poetry at all. In my personal experience, there are two examples, namely, Bai Juyi, two famous artists in the Tang Dynasty, and Lu Fangweng and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, whose fame spread all over the world. I have hardly read the Tang poetry. I only have the complete works of these two people, and I am patient, not love and patience. This is our trouble in Tianjin. "Resistance" and "love" are inseparable. I patiently read the complete works of Bai Juyi and Lu You, which made me sleepy. What really touched me was very little. If you don't admit this, you can't talk about a word "Jian", can you? This "sword" is realistic, cautious and modest. It's still useful. It's not a poem. There are so many more. So everyone in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Wanli, said that his poetic theory was that you might sound surprised. That poem, as I said just now, is a Chinese character. He said that poetry is a kind of text, except for the text, there is poetry, so this poem has new ideas, except for the meaning, there is poetry, and so on. He doesn't even know what he means when he talks like this. Also called works, also called literature. Besides, it's called poetry. How do we pay attention to this great poet? The purpose of this speech is to learn from the ancients. You don't want to die under his sentences. You want to live. You have to understand what he wants to say. You don't want to fight with him literally. Let me sum it up. Anyway, if you look at his form, it is not necessarily a poem that writes like a poem. People who can write such poems are not necessarily real poets. I talk a lot, but I put this watch out, which is helpful for us to appreciate, and learn first and then talk about the reward. What is the exchange of "reward"? The hearts of the ancients and mine are touching. Only when the language and feelings are interlinked can we be considerate. He is like this, I see, this is the appreciation of "reward" in poetry, and it is also our words.
Let me start with the old saying. You don't like old words very much It doesn't matter. Listen to me. We have a four-word old idiom called "sentimental". He is not sentimental. He will look at everything in the world with poetic eyes and write poems. He will be moved by this and strive to write poems that will last forever. That's what drives him. Sad people are sentimental, sentimental, that kind of acceptance, that kind of feeling is particularly strong, sensitive and keen. Everyone else doesn't care. He can't stand it, and you don't like it. Okay, I'll change it. I said he had feelings. Do you have any opinions? It's good to be full of feelings. Your perception will change immediately. You are happy for this kindness, not sentimental, but keen on accepting ability. So don't die under words, but deeply understand what he said. With this effort to cultivate yourself, reading the poems of the ancients will gain a better realm, a better experience, aesthetics and enjoyment. Otherwise, we always scratch our boots and say that sages are not poets. They are too sentimental and sentimental. If he is not sentimental, he can't be a saint. We can take Confucius as an example and recite The Analects. In the simplest words, everyone knows that "the son is on the Sichuan River". He looked at the water and lamented that "the deceased did not give up the boat." Alas, if you keep flowing, you can't live that "shed" and "live" during the day At night, it is also flowing, and we. There is a famous saying in the Song Dynasty, and I can't say who he is here. It may be Yan Shu's wild goose. It doesn't matter what he said in the last two sentences. He said: "No way, but no way. This year's light is as endless as this time's water. Didn't Confucius say "never give up day and night", but the light of thoughts is like running water. Most of us can feel the passage of time. Is there a sound there? Why not? The clock ticks second by second. The ancients didn't have this. He felt the passage of time, like a river, like the sound of running water, "along the way." Look at this terrible time. You play here. If you look at this example, I mean that the poet's feelings are so sensitive to an invisible time. He takes water as an example, and of course it is not new to compare it with time. I mean, if he hangs up, it will make you. If you have good sensibility and acceptance, you will think that the poet told you. Listen to the sound of the rushing water. This is a poem, this is a poem. That's not reasoning. He warned you that an inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time is worth an inch of gold. This is a teaching class. This is not a poem. This argument is not very clear. If you look at Confucius' Wen Shao recorded in The Analects of Confucius again, you should add the title, because the ancient time was probably Xia Dynasty, and Confucius' time was probably not very good and didn't show much. So once, he suddenly heard Shao playing the piano. After listening, he went home. I don't know the taste of meat in March. How about eating dinner for one hundred days in three months? This meat has no taste. This Shao music, that ancient music and that beauty are beyond our imagination today, and Confucius is hard to hear. I ask you to think about this example again. Have you deepened your understanding of Confucius? What kind of person do you think this is He is sensitive and numb. We can jump from Confucius to China, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty, and the greatest Du Zimei and Du Shaoling. Do you think Du Fu is also sentimental? I totally agree. Du Fu couldn't have written such a good poem if he hadn't been sentimental. You will ask me an example. That is the most sentimental and the best example. Simple and clear. He said two words, "a flying flower cuts spring, and the wind is full of sadness." "A flying flower, this spring is really the best time. From this falling flower, the whole spring began and then disappeared step by step. This song "Falling" shocked the feelings of this great poet. Such feelings are not affectionate, but a lonely move in my heart. Now this kind of "wind worries people", alas, he can't stand it. He is not sensitive. Can he start with a falling flower? This later generation opened a window of inheritance and development for future generations.
There are too many examples behind this, even Lin Daiyu's Mourning Poem comes from here. There are two different versions of Flowers Falling All over the Sky. Some do "flowers falling all over the sky". Originally, this song "Flying" was written by Du Fu and Qin Shaoyou. He said "Feihong is like the sea" and "Feihong". You see, this is still in Lao Du's words, and "ten thousand" is still in front of Lao Du. I like what he said. I once talked about a dream of red mansions in Peking University. I want to ask questions after I finish. I received a note from my classmate. I don't know his last name. He asked such a question. He said that Lin Daiyu's father's name was Lin Ruhai. How do you say this "like the sea"? Is "flying red like the sea" from Qin Shaoyou? Oh, it's good to see students from Peking University. Second, he contacted a Reddit, but he still couldn't explain what Lin Ruhai meant by "like the sea". It seems that in that old-fashioned explanation, Lin Ruhai's "like the sea" is his extensive knowledge, and he is as wrong as the sea, which is not as clever as this Peking University classmate. This seems to be gossip, which is interesting. Otherwise, I hope you can think about it. Look at the spark of our poetry, the influence of predecessors on future generations, and how future generations use it. So many beautiful sentences have been created, up to Cao Xueqin's words, many of which are from The West Chamber. We don't have time to list these today, so we appreciate Tang poetry and Song poetry, including this aspect. In other words, when we appreciate ancient poetry, you should have many restrictions here, such as plugging in a bolt and then turning on electricity, so as to make ends meet. Whether you learn from it or appreciate it, whether you study it or do it, I think your feelings and understanding of a Tang poetry and Song poetry will increase day by day, rather than passing it by.
Let's talk about it and find a string of famous articles. I think that's easy to handle. Some words, some words, some allusions, today's annotation, "Ci Hai" and "Ci Yuan", you can know that it has been finalized. If it's not nice, it's dead. I will leave you my knowledge. Just look it up and you will understand that we are not discussing this today. I wish I could play such a small role today. Whether it can be done is my own wish and extravagant hope. Maybe I can't. Well, that's the first part of my speech.
So I seem to have listened to many classmates today. I think this is a very good phenomenon, because I always hope that you'd better come to our temple and listen to more and more students. Why? Enjoy a little. As a national treasure expert and scholar like Mr. Zhou, there are many teachers who tell us how to appreciate Tang and Song poetry. This is very rare. You can't learn by listening to the teacher in class. As for me? On behalf of the Literature Museum, I welcome students to our temple to enjoy the spiritual baptism of bathing. I want to measure whether a country is strong or not, except how many missiles are in its arsenal. One is to see how many literary masters and cultural treasures we have. Fortunately, our nation is lucky. We have Tang poetry and Song poetry. We can sit here today and enjoy the beauty that Mr. Zhou Lao has brought us. Finally, let's thank Mr. Zhou again, thank you, thank you.