Poetry is the most exquisite language art, which expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings with the least words, the simplest structure and the most beautiful rhythm. It has wordless beauty and endless meaning, so it is called "art in art, literature in literature". The images and artistic conception created in poetry can make people immersed and even intoxicated. Therefore, the mechanical teaching process of poetry teaching, such as the background of the times-the interpretation of words-the general idea of paragraphs-the central idea-writing characteristics, must not be used, otherwise it will cut off the emotion, passion and charm contained in poetry and become pale and boring. Poetry, a literary style, emphasizes lyrical expression and must be full of poetry in order to be truly touching. Emotion and emotion are the basis of poetry. Compared with other styles, poetry can fully express the author's personality and feelings. Excellent poetry can enrich and beautify spiritual life and enlighten the truth. But it does not directly tell readers how to do it, but transforms and improves people's spiritual realm and purifies people's soul with silent and lasting power. Reading and appreciating poetry should focus on emotions and feelings and start with language. I think, on the whole, the focus of poetry teaching is to experience feelings, taste language and impart knowledge appropriately. The teaching methods are mainly reading aloud, feeling and commenting. Reading aloud is especially important. As the old saying goes, "You can recite poems by reading 300 Tang poems" and "You can't know the meaning of a book until you read it a hundred times". Reading is the soul of Chinese teaching. Poetry teaching should make students feel, ponder, imagine and understand through beautiful reading, chanting and reciting. Understand the charm of the article, understand the author's emotions, grieve for the author's sadness, and be happy for the author's happiness. Through reading, the essence of poetry can be accumulated and infiltrated into students' hearts, which makes students have a passionate impulse to pursue truth, goodness and beauty and enter an excited state of mind. In order to introduce students into the artistic conception of poetry, teachers should walk into the classroom with full enthusiasm, be willing to "emotionally invest", integrate the feelings of poets and teachers, melt students' hearts with deep passion, and let poets, teachers and students sing together. If so, we will certainly raise our awareness. People often say, "You can only understand, but you can't express". This indescribable nuance can often be understood by students who adopt various reading methods (solo reading, simultaneous reading, guided reading, joint reading and role reading). Only when teachers and students deeply understand the content of poetry and are inspired by the poet's feelings can they read aloud with true feelings. If you master certain reading skills, it will help to reproduce the image of poetry in front of students, so that students can have an epiphany, be infected and edified.
The new curriculum standard advocates that students should no longer be regarded as "things" as in the past, and the basic materials of students' learning-texts should be dismembered with the cold and ruthless knife of language, and knowledge should be given to students intentionally or unintentionally, so that they can "realize" naturally. Instead, we should make them full of enthusiasm and love, ignite their strong desire for learning with the fire of passionate language, and guide them to explore and acquire knowledge, cultivate their abilities and put them into practice.
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Therefore, the new curriculum standard should pay attention to students' reading, ensure in time, give guidance on methods and gain experience from practice. At present, high school affiliated to nanjing normal university proposed that the reading time of Chinese class should account for 60% of a class.
We don't need to be so mechanical, but reading comprehension in poetry teaching is obviously the most important. I decided at the beginning that this class should focus on reading aloud, and I want to ensure that 50% of the class hours are used for reading aloud.
Second, the establishment of teaching objectives, teaching priorities and difficulties:
The goal is to let students understand the philosophical connotation of the poem and the author's feelings on the basis of repeated recitation. And do a simple comparative reading.
The teaching emphasis is: the writing method of comparative method. 2. Philosophical discussion in poetry.
Third, the teaching process design
First import:
Originally, it was to introduce the author's introduction, but later it felt a bit dull. I'm afraid it's difficult to arouse students' interest. Temporarily changed to the introduction of mourning for Lu Xun written by Yu Dafu. And deliberately didn't say who was mourning. "Life and death, body, soul, tears, lament, these problems and feelings seem too small here. On the other side of his death, there was a bigger and more violent silence. A nation without great people is the most pitiful group of creatures in the world; A country whose great people don't know how to support, love and admire is a hopeless slave country. Because of his death, people realized that there was still hope for the nation. Because of his death, people saw that China was still a semi-desperate country with strong slavery. His coffin was buried in shallow soil in the night; There is a reddish crescent in the west corner. " Then ask: who is the great man who mourned? This question is understood by all students. The key is the introduction of passionate recitation, which has established the admiration and reverence for Lu Xun in poetry. It is much more natural to talk about how Cang Kejia praised Lu Xun. Students can enter the state immediately.
Step two, the teacher demonstrates reading. Ask students to pay attention to the teacher's emotional tendency when reading aloud. After that, the students read books together. Put forward the thinking question: 1, concretize eight "some people" in the first four sections of "some people", and try to change it into a certain kind of person or a certain kind of person. 2. How many types can these eight people be divided into? 3. What's the difference between these two people?
Students discuss and clarify:
1, a person who is hated and loved by the people.
A person who cruelly exploits and serves the people.
A person who wants to become an immortal, a person who silently dedicates himself.
People who base their happiness on the suffering of others, and people who think of others everywhere.
2. One is people who are beneficial to the people, and the other is people who are harmful to the people.
3. Different attitudes towards the people; The pursuit of fame and honor is different; Different views on the meaning of life.
These three problems are easy to solve.
Students read the last three parts together. Ask a question: can you not write the last three sections?
Students can react quickly: no, the last three sections are about the endings of these two people. It is believed that two people have completely different attitudes towards the people, so the people will have different returns. In the last three sections, on the basis of discussing life and death, honor and disgrace, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, the poet sublimated his poems to the height of praising a lofty outlook on life with universal significance. Because it reveals the law and makes people understand that the capacity of poetry has increased.
Rethink the meaning of key sentences;
Who wants to be a weed? How do you know why he wants to be a weed?
Lu Xun is willing to be a weed. We can know from the inscription of his collection of prose poems "Weeds".
What do you mean by "names rot before corpses" and "green grass is everywhere"?
"Names decay earlier than corpses" means that names are quickly forgotten and spurned by people. "Green grass everywhere" means that Lu Xun's spirit will live in the hearts of hundreds of millions of people forever. ("Wild Grass" alludes to Lu Xun)
Thinking: What have you learned from two diametrically opposite endings?
Student summary: those who love the people are immortal, and fishermen are immortal.
Then ask the students to understand the author's feeling of reading aloud. Question: If you are allowed to read this poem, how do you think you should express your feelings? Tip: What are the characteristics between the last two sentences and the last two sentences of each paragraph?
Students' immediate reaction: comparison. The previous problem has been solved. Life-long answer: I think we should express our hatred and contempt for the former, and express our respect and love for the latter like Lu Xun.
Again, from the subtitle, is the writing purpose of this poem praise or criticism?
Students know very well: this is a compliment. So when reading aloud, the feeling of praise should be more obvious.
In this way, I will ask students to read aloud. Please recommend an excellent student from each group to take part in the reading contest. After reading it, please ask other students to comment. Requirements: 1, each sentence is a positive contrast, which makes the positive and negative images more vivid and sets the positive off higher. The contrast of their attitudes towards the people reflects the different outlook on life of the two opposing classes, which has received good artistic effects. There should be a clear sound difference when reading. 2. Read the magnificent momentum formed by rhetoric over and over again.
After the goal is clear, students can master the characteristics of this poem in reading and listening. First, the writing techniques of this poem are comparison and repetition. The contrast makes the two images more vivid, repeatedly enhances the sense of rhythm of poetry, and forms waves of momentum. Second, students know the purpose of the poet's writing. Feel the vivid image of poetry, understand the poet's strong love and hate, and understand the theme of poetry.
Students who comment can accurately point out the advantages and disadvantages of students who read aloud according to their own appreciation and understanding. So that the next student who reads aloud can have a deeper understanding. Read better. Finally, the teacher commented, demonstrated reading again, and asked the students to follow. At this time, students' perception of poetry is no longer the initial level. Emotionally pushed the atmosphere to a climax.
Teacher's summary: This poem warmly praises Mr. Lu Xun's great spirit of loving the people and serving them wholeheartedly, mercilessly lashes the reactionary class, and profoundly exposes the truth that people who love the people will live among the people forever and reactionary rulers will be spurned by the people. In fact, people who ride on people's heads are not only not spurned, but also notorious for thousands of years.
Finally, we need to think about the extended reading of Weeds and Self-mockery: Can you express your own views on Lu through Lu Xun's works and Some People? You can comment on his qualities as a man, or from a literary point of view.
Homework: Choose Lu Xun or Cang Kejia to do some research and write a short essay.