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Case analysis and review strategy of answering questions in ancient poetry appreciation
Judging from the poetry appreciation questions in the national college entrance examination papers in recent years, the difficulty of the questions is not great, but the mistakes in answering questions occur frequently and the scores are not ideal. In addition to the fact that candidates can't express their appreciation in concise and clear language, there are still problems such as nonstandard answer forms. In poetry appreciation training, it is very helpful to analyze all kinds of mistakes in answering questions, diagnose the reasons and sort out the problems. Here, taking the mistakes in answering the Hubei paper in the college entrance examination in 2006 as an example, this paper briefly analyzes several common reasons for poetry appreciation.
Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
Farewell in late spring
Han Cong
Blue, dark and red are rare in Fengcheng (1), and the pavilions in the twilight clouds are full of ancient and modern feelings.
People who travel far must listen to the flowing water in the palace, and the sound of time is also heard.
[Note] ① Fengcheng: Beijing.
How does this poem blend into the landscape? Please give a brief evaluation.
The key to solving the instruction "how to integrate feelings into the landscape" is the word "how". In order to study and appreciate the artistic skills of classical poetry, we should first screen out the "scenery"-"indigo naturalis", "red thin", "twilight clouds" and "water in front of the palace", and then experience the feelings. The title of the poem tells us that this is a farewell poem, and the "friendship" contained in it is self-evident; The last sentence expresses feelings about life, history and society with flowing water in front of the palace, which needs to be carefully appreciated.
This poem condenses friendship and secular feelings into "ancient and modern feelings" and blends them into a sad picture composed of images such as "indigo naturalis", "red rare", "sunset cloud" and "water in front of the palace", forming an artistic feature of blending feelings and scenery.
Case 1 In late spring, trees are green and red flowers are dotted. The flowing water in front of the palace is silent, the good years have quietly passed away, and the vicissitudes of life are amazing.
The appreciation of case analysis is inseparable from understanding. Without understanding, there is no appreciation, so it is often necessary to translate poems string by string. But this kind of string translation is only the premise of appreciating poetry, not appreciating poetry itself. This answer is only a simple translation of the poem, and it is not answered according to the requirements of the title. Obviously, it does not meet the requirements of answering appreciation questions, and the result of "translation rather than analysis" is not appreciation. There is no need to do too much translation of the original text to answer the question of appreciation of ancient poetry in the college entrance examination. If you have to do some translation, you must also focus on appreciation, translate key words and phrases, and integrate the translated content into your own appreciation language, otherwise it will be meaningless and waste valuable examination time.
One of the reasons is translation rather than appreciation.
Case 2: This poem is integrated with the scenery, which shows the poet's sadness and perception of life when he bid farewell to his friends.
The question of case analysis is "How does this poem blend into the landscape?" According to this requirement, the answer should be "How did this poem blend into the landscape?" Instead of "this poem blends in with the scenery ...". "How to integrate feelings into the landscape" means what scenery the author describes, what feelings he expresses, and how the two are integrated. The requirements of "Examination Outline" for poetry appreciation can be divided into two parts: content and form. This question not only examines the content, but also examines the appreciation ability of the expression skills that belong to the formal part. However, some students either neglect to examine the questions, or simply ignore the meaning of solving the questions, or have a clear understanding of the meaning of the questions but don't know where to start, so this kind of question-and-answer method that makes people laugh and cry appears: (Q) How does this poem integrate feelings and scenery? This poem blends emotion with scenery.
The second reason is the opposite, and the answer is irrelevant.
In the third case, the author used a gloomy and sad scenery to describe the picture of seeing friends off, expressing his deep affection for friends and feelings for the vicissitudes of the world.
Case Analysis Many students don't know how to grasp the specific content of poetry when they appreciate it. When answering "how to melt feelings into scenery", they only use abstract words such as "hazy scenery" and "sad scene" to replace a series of vivid images such as "blue and black", "red and thin", "dusk clouds" and "water in front of the palace". Because it is too general, it is very empty. This kind of answer is often too big to be appropriate, irrelevant and seriously loses points, but it is also the most common fault in poetry appreciation, so it is also the main reason for losing points.
The etiology is unified into three cages, which are empty.
In Example 4, the author described such scenes as "blue and black", "red and thin" and "twilight clouds", which set off his own anguish and sadness.
There are a series of images in the poem "Case Analysis", which the author is using to express "ancient and modern feelings", that is, friendship and world feelings. Each image expresses different feelings and uses different skills. Blue sky and white day, Beauty is unlucky, and Twilight mainly set off the sad atmosphere, with friendship as the highlight; "Water in front of the Palace" adopts the method of "comparison" and highlights the "world situation". We should pay full attention to these differences when answering questions, and we can't just look at one aspect and ignore the other. If you generalize, you will definitely lose points.
The fourth reason is only a little, not as good as the rest.
Example 5 The author expresses his feelings with things, and expresses his heartless feelings for the scenery with a series of images such as "blue and black", "red and thin", "twilight clouds" and "water in front of the palace".
On the surface, the answer to the case analysis seems to have erased a few images, without missing anything. It should be understandable, but it's not. "People have feelings". What kind of feelings are they? Obviously, this answer doesn't make the meaning of "love" clear. Here, I only take the image as an example to prove some of my views, without combining the analysis of the poem itself. The relationship between ideas and examples is only a relationship between water and oil. The viewpoint is divorced from the poem itself, and the poem becomes the coat of the viewpoint, staying at the level of "viewpoint" and "example", which cannot reflect the ideological content and the author's feelings contained in the poem and analyze the meaning of "image". This superficial "appreciation" is obviously against the law of poetry appreciation, and it is also a reason for the serious loss of points in poetry appreciation.
The fifth reason is superficial and lacks analysis.
Case 6 This poem takes running water as a metaphor, expressing the feeling that time flies and life is like a dream, and expressing the depressed mood that I want to make a difference but can't serve my country.
Case Analysis When reading students' answers to poetry appreciation, we often read some incredible answers, which are closely related to the speculation that some students ignore the specific language environment when answering questions. Some students always read poems with colored glasses. No matter what content and feelings are expressed or what the topic requires to be answered, they all like to cut in from a political perspective and rack their brains to explore the so-called political significance of poems from the cracks. The result is often a thousand words, which is beside the point of Wan Li. For example, based on their own imagination, candidates think of "unsuccessful", "meritorious service" and "unable to serve the country" from Water in front of the Palace. The reason is that they regard the terms they think of as the master key, blindly copy and label them, and do not seriously ponder the emotional attitude expressed by poetry itself, and the result has nothing to do with poetry. After a period of systematic training, most senior three students initially have the ability to appreciate poetry, but because of their shallow experience, little accumulation and deep cognition, they often copy some terms to appreciate poetry. Such as "seclusion", "leisure" and "love for nature" when appreciating pastoral poetry; Appreciation of frontier fortress poems uses "serving the motherland" and "homesickness"; Epic appreciation is considered as "satirizing the present through the past and expressing the sense of historical vicissitudes"; If there is a scene of falling flowers in the poem, it is considered as "hurting spring and cherishing time"; If the authors are Du Fu and Bai Juyi, the theme is mostly worrying about the country and the people; The authors are Li Qingzhao and Liu Yong, so the content can't be separated from sadness and hatred ... Although this kind of speculation will "hit" part of the answer at some time, if the poet's life, thoughts and artistic style are not combined, especially the work itself, the answer is often one thousand people. Format appreciation will inevitably lead to blunt answers, and serious loss of points is inevitable.
The sixth reason is out of thin air and blindly applied.
Example 1: This poem shows deep affection for friends and feels the difficulty of time. The poet melts his feelings into the scenery, and the ancient and modern feelings into the sentimental picture composed of images such as "indigo naturalis", "red rare", "sunset cloud" and "water in front of the palace", which has a strong artistic appeal.
Example 2: With the help of images such as "indigo naturalis", "red rare", "twilight cloud" and "water in front of the temple", the poet forms a sad scene and atmosphere, implicitly expresses deep friendship and feelings for the world, and integrates "ancient and modern feelings" into the image description of the scene, and the scene blends.
Then, in our usual review, how can we break through the bottleneck that affects the score of the college entrance examination? The author believes that the following points are worthy of attention.
1, based on lessons, consolidate knowledge and learn to migrate. Among the four contents of ancient poetry appreciation, the so-called image refers to the people, scenes and things described in the poem that are integrated with the poet's feelings, including the lyric hero himself and the specific image on which the poem relies. The so-called language refers to the characteristics of the use of poetic language, including the refinement of words and sentences and the originality of phonological rhythm. The so-called expressive techniques are all-encompassing, which refers to the wonderful use of various expressive techniques in poetry. In addition, there are identification, appreciation and comments on the thoughts and feelings of poetry. These four aspects involve not only the general knowledge of ancient poetry, but also the ability to use this knowledge to appreciate, and the acquisition of these knowledge and ability can not be separated from what you learn in class. For example, emotion and scenery, motion and static, emptiness and reality, suppression and promotion, etc. And the appreciation of images, language and expression skills, as well as the appreciation and evaluation of poetry thoughts and feelings, are all reflected in the poems learned in class. Therefore, first of all, we should learn how to appreciate the text correctly in class, recite the taste repeatedly, study and understand, and write a few decent appreciation texts, and then expand to extracurricular on this basis, so as to achieve the purpose of drawing inferences from one another.
2. Understand the work, interpret the connotation and express it accurately. Cognitive understanding of the literal meaning of ancient poetry is the minimum ability, otherwise appreciation is impossible. Many candidates just stumble when they "read" the poem, and write it down in a hurry without knowing its literal meaning. As a result, they missed by a mile. Of course, it is far from enough to look at the literal meaning, but also to accurately interpret the connotation of the work. Appreciation and creation are a reverse process. The process of poetry creation is to have the poet's thoughts and feelings first, and then make it into words; The process of appreciation is to read the words first, understand and grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed in the works, just like tracing the source along the river, no matter how deep or subtle, you can always find out. This is the so-called "emotional words, through the text into the feelings" (Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long").
For example, the National College Entrance Examination (2) in 2005 was about the appreciation of ancient poems. The material is Bai Juyi's poem "Night Thoughts on the Winter Solstice Day in Handan": "On the Winter Solstice Day in Handan, accompany me with a hug lamp. Sit at home late at night and talk about travelers. " The test questions are as follows: ① Briefly analyze the sentence "There is a shadow in front of the knee-hugging lamp" and tell what the author was feeling at that time. ② How did the author write Homesickness? What are the characteristics of language? Regarding the first question, candidates can generally feel the loneliness of the author's homesickness, but they may not be able to see the detailed description and contrast strokes; The second question, it is not difficult for candidates to answer the characteristics of "plain language", but expressing "homesickness" by saying that family members miss themselves adds some twists and turns on the basis of simplicity and straightforwardness, but not all candidates can interpret it.
Another example is the appreciation of Beijing ancient poetry in the 2006 college entrance examination. The material is Tao Yuanming's poem Migration (II):
"How beautiful the Spring and Autumn Period is, climbing high to write new poems. It's better to call each other after crossing the door, so there's wine to consider. Farming goes back to hometown, and leisure needs acacia. Acacia put on her clothes and laughed endlessly. This truth is invincible, and inaction will come to this place at once. Food and clothing should be disciplined, and you can't bully me. " The test question is: This poem shows the poet's pleasure in rural life. Please specify what pleasure it shows and how to express it.
Tao Yuanming's poems show the joy of rural life, and their interests are also varied. The examination questions require a "concrete explanation" of the poem "What does it show", which requires a concrete analysis of specific problems. In Tao Yuanming's poems, some show the natural interest in mountains and rivers, some show the open-minded interest in inviting people to drink, some show the carefree interest in picking chrysanthemums in Shan Ye, some show the joy and satisfaction in farming, and so on. So, what kind of fun does this poem show? After careful analysis of the following six sentences of "Call each other more when you pass the door", the poet feels a beautiful interpersonal relationship, that is, people are full of pure and simple friendship. This is the connotation expressed in this poem. If the caged and unified answer shows leisure and pleasure after retiring to the countryside, then we have not really understood the connotation of this poem. As for the second question, as we all know, Tao's poems mostly use the method of sketching, with plain narration and light description, which are understood as words, but concise and vivid, with strong artistic expression. This poem expresses emotions by depicting specific life scenes. Therefore, writing "line drawing" can be regarded as understanding the artistic characteristics of this poem and meeting the requirements of the topic. This is the interpretation of the so-called connotation, and appreciation is therefore divided.
So, how to interpret the connotation of the work?
(1) Capture the image with the help of associative imagination. Poets' emotions are expressed through images. Without images, there would be no poetry and no artistic conception. Therefore, to appreciate poetry, we should start with images and enter the aesthetic realm of poetry. There are many images with specific connotations in China's ancient poems, which have a long history and should be familiar with and understood. Ancient poetry also pays attention to "poetic and picturesque", and we should also reproduce the pictures in our minds and appreciate them. This is the only way to appreciate poetry. For example, the above analysis of the 2006 college entrance examination Hubei volume is such a situation.
(2) Try to figure out the ideological content and understand the emotional connotation. Image is the foundation of poetry, artistic conception is the picture of poetry, and emotion is the connotation of poetry. The so-called "poetry expresses ambition" and "ambition" means thoughts and feelings. One of the most distinctive expressions of China's ancient poems is that there are feelings in the scene, scenes in the feelings, and scenes blend. Therefore, to be able to try to understand the ideological and emotional connotation is the real reading of poetry. For example, what kind of feelings does the "ancient and modern feelings" in "Water Delivery in Late Spring" contain? This is what you must understand when answering questions.
(3) Taste language features and appreciate expression skills. The language of China's ancient poems is clear and implicit; Some are bold and some are depressed; Some are fresh and some are dignified; Some are bright and some are graceful; Some are broad-minded and some are low-minded; Some people are happy, others are sad; Some are gorgeous, some are simple; Wait a minute. When reading poetry, we should carefully taste and accurately grasp the emotions conveyed by these language styles. Secondly, China's creation of ancient poems pays attention to "refining words" and language scrutiny. A good poem has "poetic eye", which is the most concise and vivid word in the poem, and it is also the most worthy of appreciation and taste. Expression skills serve the content and obey the need of expressing thoughts and feelings. Reading appreciation requires specific analysis of specific problems, and it is forbidden to generalize and "label" empty words.
Finally, we should express the results of our appreciation and evaluation in exact language. This is an externalized form of appreciation ability and a display of language level. However, some students are very careless and neglect training. As a result, they often can't express their ideas in exams. In review, we should read more good appreciation words, accept edification, enhance understanding and accumulate appreciation knowledge; You can also imitate and learn from other people's appreciation words, get familiar with appreciation terms, and learn the style of writing appreciation words. In this way, we can explore some methods and rules of appreciation, so as to express our opinions independently in the college entrance examination, choose words carefully and answer accurately.