In the examination of the expression skills of ancient poetry, although the skill of "empathy and things" is not involved much, it is also helpful to answer other questions, so it is a knowledge point that candidates can't ignore. Candidates should deeply understand and master this skill.
First, define the concept
The so-called "empathy" means that the poet projects or transfers his life and interest to the object of creation, and regards things without life and interest as living things, as if they also have feelings, thoughts, emotions, will and actions. At the same time, the poet himself is influenced by this kind of thing, and he has a * * sound with things, which is what the ancients said, "When you look at things with me, everything is my color." For example, "White clouds embrace secluded rocks, and the green tiles are beautiful and clear" (Xie Lingyun), "Never tired of looking at each other, only looking at Tingshan" (Li Bai), "Wild peaches and smiling bamboo fences are short, and streams and willows shake the clear water" (Su Shi), "The north wind blows and rains, and several peaks are thin out of Yunshan" (Zhang Lei). People have to ask, how can white clouds hold secluded stones, how can bamboo be delicate and clean, how can people and mountains look at each other for a long time without getting tired, how can wild peaches smile, and how can mountain peaks be thin? These are the results of the poet's emotional displacement of the scenery in his life, which is a typical aesthetic empathy phenomenon.
Second, the causes of empathy
Lipps, a German psychologist and aesthetician, believes that aesthetic empathy originates from a psychological activity-similar association. Lipps said: "We all have a natural tendency or desire to understand similar things from the same angle. This view is always determined by what is closest to us. Therefore, we always look at events that happen outside of us according to the analogy of events that happen to us, that is, according to the analogy of our personal experience. " In other words, aesthetic people use some emotions they have experienced in their own lives to compare and understand seemingly similar things around them, from mountains and rivers to flowers, birds, fish and insects, all of which can become empathy objects.
Third, through
1. avatar
Wang Wei's "Being a Fellow Traveler, Birds Come Home Late" ("Bound Home to Songshan Mountain") adopts the method of empathy, giving "Running Water" and "Sunset Birds" personality, as if they are also full of human feelings: the clear stream flows in the gurgling, and the birds who come home late fly back to the lush forest to roost, as if they are returning with the poets. On the surface, the two sentences are about the deep affection between "water" and "bird", but in fact they reflect the carefree mood of the poet when he returns to the mountain. In Xin Qiji's sentence "Looking at the distance, offering sorrow for hate, making a hairpin bun" ("Shui Long Hidden in the Jiankang Banquet Pavilion"), the author looks at the beautiful mountain in the distance, like a hairpin on a beauty's head, but also like a bun, personifying the mountain peak. It seems that they are all sad and indignant, but in fact, it is "sadness" and "sadness". There are countless ancient poems that empathize with each other by personification, such as "endless sorrow at dusk, endless hatred of a river and autumn grass", "Where the petals have shed tears, the lonely bird sings sadness" and "the saddest place in the world, seeing off guests with hard work. Spring breeze knows not to be bitter, but not to send willow green ","why should a strong enemy complain about willow? Spring breeze is not related to Yumen Pass "and so on.
Step 2 mark
"Anvil gas supply, crickets think high autumn, I come to the scene, don't learn the sadness of Song Yujie, clean up the bleak bureau, and pay it, which makes my heart very quiet. It has its own sentimental place, and the bright moon hangs in the south building. " (Mi Fei's Mid-Autumn Festival), the poet pushed his great ambition to the symbolic "moon". Another example is "this body is in a forest of ice and snow, and peaches and plums are different." In the novel Gan Kun Wan Li Chun (Mei by Wang Mian), the author's Mei is a symbol of the author's noble character.
Step 3 feel the scenery
Poets pin their emotions on the scenery, and directly present emotions in their works through the scenery, so that readers can grasp the relationship between emotions and scenery and understand poetry. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, will go to Jeju to bid farewell to his friends, project his feelings of farewell on the scenery, and write a poem: "The sky is cold and the mountains are clear, the sunset is long, and the river is urgent" ("Seeing Zhao Shangqi"). Zhao Wei transferred a feeling of homesickness to scenes such as A Few Broken Stars and a Wild Goose, A Quiet Chrysanthemum with a Half-open Hedge (Langtaosha), which made life sad.
Fourth, the solution of examples
Example (1)
Qiubomei
(Song) Lu You
On the evening of July 16, I boarded the Happy Pavilion and looked at Nanshan in Chang 'an.
Autumn came to the border town, the sound of the horn sounded, and the peaceful bonfire lit the bonfire.
Singing and singing, standing on a high place, he gave wine to the land, which produced infinite enthusiasm for restoring Guanzhong.
Who can push away all the layers of twilight like the amorous Nanshan bright moon?
The smoke from the kitchen near Baqiao Bridge and the beautiful scenery near Qujiang River should stand in the moonlight, waiting for our army to recover lost ground and win.
Note: This word was written when Lu You was 48 years old in Nanzheng's anti-Jin front.
1. What thoughts and feelings did Lu You express? Please contact Lu You Life for a simple answer.
Lu you cherished the ambition of resisting gold and saving the country all his life. What Shangcheng wrote was that the poet climbed the Nanshan Mountain in Chang 'an in the autumn scenery and tense fighting atmosphere on the northwest front line, and sprinkled wine with it, thus expressing his infinite joy of successfully recovering Guanzhong.
2. What kind of writing technique did you use to write about looking forward to Chang 'an and winning? Simply analyze it.
Reference answers use empathy (or emotions in the scene). At first, the poet empathized with the moon in Nanshan, saying, "Who is affectionate like the moon in Nanshan, especially when the clouds open at dusk". The poet endowed people with feelings with this ruthless natural thing-the moon, which pushed away all the layers of clouds and made the world shine, and the moon in Nanshan seemed to love the rivers and mountains of the motherland as much as the author. The author further resonates with Ada of Yanqiao and Chitai of Qujiang, and imagines that they will wait for the arrival of Song Jun with passion and recover Guanzhong. The use of this technique increases the charm of words.
Example (2)
Guangdong Carving Pinglan Ren Jinling Road Middle
(Yuan) George
Thin horses carry poems in the sky, and tired birds crow and worry about several villages.
Throw your head at the willow flowers to add beauty to others.
1. What kind of poet image has this poem created? What thoughts and feelings did the author express?
Reference answers shaped the image of a down-and-out poet. Expressed the author's wandering heart and lamented that time flies.
This song has a strange conception and clever writing. Try to appreciate this Song Yuan from the perspective of expressing "empathy and things".
Reference answers "tired" and "sad" tell the poet's heart through birds. When I heard the birds crow, I couldn't help thinking that "the birds are tired and know that they are still there", but I was on the road, passing through village after village and couldn't go home. The poet does not say that wandering life is tired, only that birds are tired; I didn't say I was sad, only that the birds were crying, and the endless homesickness of the wanderer was written with twists and turns.
Example (3)
In autumn, Mount Taihua is extremely high.
(Ming) Li Panlong ①
Looking straight into Bai Di Palace (2), who is the hero of Sanfeng on this day?
The black dragon (3) half hangs the rain of Qinchuan, and the stone horse hisses the wind of Hanyuan.
The Central Plains is wide open, the autumn scenery is exhausted, and the sky in Wan Li is dusk.
Throughout his life, he suddenly saw the meaning of people, and Jung knew the power of nature.
Note: ① Li Panlong: a famous poet in Ming Dynasty. Jiajing stayed in Shunde for thirty-two years and achieved remarkable results. Three years later, he was promoted to assistant minister of Shaanxi Province, and this poem was written in Shaanxi Province. ② Bai Di Palace: Bai Di is one of the five emperors in ancient China mythology, located at the top of Huashan Mountain; ③ Black Dragon: Huashan Mountain has Black Dragon Ridge, which is high and narrow.
1. Please briefly explain the order of scenery writing of couplets and necklaces in this poem.
Reference answers from near to far, from low to high. The author first wrote about Heilongling and Shima at the top of Taihua Mountain, which is a close-up view. Then, as far as I can see, Qinchuan is spacious and has a panoramic view of autumn. This is a long-term vision. At the same time, the author writes about the scenery on the ground first, and then writes about the clear sky and sunset in Wan Li, from low to high.
2. Wang Guowei said, "I look at things and everything is my color." In this poem, the author also brought his own color when describing the scenery. Please enjoy the poem briefly.
The author's official career is well-informed, and he has a positive and enterprising subjective color when describing the scenery. The first couplet uses the rhetorical question "Who is the hero", that is, he is a hero, which condenses the author's mentality of taking off his career at this time. The scenery described by Zhuanlian and Jinglian is magnificent, which embodies the author's lofty sentiments of great achievements. William directly expressed his feelings of winning the interview and warned himself to be modest and keep making progress.